Full text of "The Rainbow Magazine (Radio Shack Color Computer) (October 1990)"

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The

... * COCQ fl^

THE COLOR COMPUTER MONTHLY MAGAZINE

October 1990vol.XNo.3 Canada $4.95 U.S. $3.95

Graphics

Paint your own pictures
with Spectra 3

Display and create images
under OS-9 Level II

Learn what graphics formats
are all about

"44254"0000l'

From Computer Plus to YOU . .
after

Tandy 1400 HD $1069*
Tandy 102 32K $439*
Tandy WP-2 $279

Color Computer 3
W/128K Ext. Basic $159

Tandy 1000 RL $499
Tandy 1000 TL/2 $779

Color Computer Disk Drive
Drive $239 Drive 1 $149

TandyFax $759

BIG SAVINGS ON A FULL COMPLEMENT OF RADIO SHACK COMPUTER PRODUCTS

COMPUTERS

Tandy 1000 HX 1 Drive 256K 259.00 ■

Tandy 1500 HD 1 Drive 640K 1579.00

Tandy 2500 XL 1 Drive 1 Meg 1119.00

Tandy 2800 HD 1 Drive 1 Meg 2299.00

Tandy 1 1 00 FD 1 Drive 640K 689.00

PRINTERS

Radio Shack DMP-1 07 120 CPS

219.00

Radio Shack DMP-302 270 CPS

469.00

Radio Shack DMP-1 34 160 CPS

269.00

Radio Shack DWP-230 Daisy Wheel

179.00

Tandy LP- 950 Laser Printer

1299.00

Tandy DMP-240 192 CPS 8 color

415.00

Panasonic KXP 1180 192 CPS

199.00

Panasonic KXP 1191 240 CPS

259.00

Panasonic KXP 1124 192 CPS

329.00

Okidata 320 300 CPS

369.00

Okidata 390 270 CPS 24 Wire HD

515.00

OKI Laser 400 4PPM

999 00

MODEMS

Radio Shack DCM-6

52.00

Radio Shack DCM-7

85.00

Practical Peripheral 1200 Baud

149.00

Practical Peripheral 2400 Baud

179.00

COLOR COMPUTER MISC.

Radio Shack Drive Contoller 79.00"

Extended Basic Rom Kit(28 pin) 14.95

64K Ram Upgrade Kit(2 or 8 chip) 39.00

Radio Shack Deluxe Keyboard Kit 24.95

HI-RES Joystick Interlace 8.95

Color Computer Deluxe Mouse 44.00

Multi Pak Pal Chip for COCO 3 14.95

COCO 3 Service Manual 29.95

Serial to Parallel Converter 59.95

Radio Shack Deluxe Joystick 1 9.95

Magnavox 81 35 RGB Monitor 299.00

Magnavox Green or Amber Monitor 99.00
Radio Shack CM-8 RGB Monitor 249.00

Radio Shack VM-4 Green Monitor 99.00

PBJ OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board 24.95

PBJ 51 2K COCO 3 Upgrade 99.00

Tandy OK COCO 3 Upgrade Board 29.95

Tandy 512K COCO 3 Upgrade 129.00

COLOR COMPUTER SOFTWARE

TAPE DISK
25.95
34.95 34.95
34.95 34.95
34.95 34.95

CALL TOLL FREE
1-800-343-8124

• LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES

• BEST POSSIBLE WARRANTY

• KNOWLEDGEABLE SALES STAFF

• TIMELY DELIVERY

• SHOPPING CONVENIENCE

The Wild West(C0C03)
Worlds Of Flight
Mustang P-51 Flight Simul.
Flight 16 Flight Simul.

COCO Util II by Mark Data 39.95

COCO Max III by Colorware 79.95

MaxlObyColorware 79.95
AutoTerm by PXE Computing 29.95 39.95

TW-80 by Spectrum (COC03) 39.95
Telewriter 64 49.95 59.95

Telewriter 128 79.95

Elite Word 80 79.95

Elite Calc 3.0 69.95

CoCo 3 512K Super Ram Disk 19.95

Home Publishing by Tandy (CoCo3) 35.95

Sub Battle Sim. by Epyx (CoCo3) 26.95

Thexder by Sierra (CoCo3) 22.45

Kings Quest III by Sierra (CoCo3) 31 .45

Flight Sim.ll by SubLogic (CoCo3) 31 .45

0S-9 Level II by Tandy 7195

0S-9 Development System 89.95

Multi-View by Tandy 44.95

VIP Writer (disk only) 69.95

VIP Integrated Library (disk) 1 49.95

Prices are subject to change without notice.
Please call lor shipping charges. Prices In our re-
tail store may be higher. Send tor complete
catalog

'Sale prices through 10/31/90

com

i^H ^ftl

P.O. Box 1094
480 King Street
Littleton, MA 01460

SINCE 1973

IN MASSACHUSETTS CALL (508) 486-31 93

IRS-80 is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp.

-*<*»?—»»--

Tab le o f Cont e nts

October 1990
Vol. X No. 3

Picture This! *to

Tom George

Feature-packed graphics with the
CoCo3

Displaying

Picture Files

Tim Kientzle
Picture-storage formats and
displaying images under OS-9
Level II

The Assembly ^

Line, Part V:

A New RAM

William P. Nee

Teaching your computer to read

and modify BASIC programs

All the Knight ^
Moves

Rick Cooper

An original idea for chess players

Product Reviews

In the Limelight

MVCanvas/HyperTech

1990 CoCo Tax Estimator/Pur/fas Springs Software

Classic Solitaire/Ei/erso/f Games, Ltd.

Education Galore/Seoasr/an S. La Spada

Elite*Xfer/E//te Software

Hot Cocol/Rulaford Research/MusicWare
Print5/G. T.T.D. Software

Pyramid Solitaire/Co/orSysrems

Revelation/flooerf E. Offerman

Spectral Forces/Marc Campbell Innovations
Tuty/CS Games

75
80
78
74
72
76
74
77
79
78

Novices Niche

A Winning Combo ^

Bill Bernico

Hi-Res Input Editor ^

Bill Bernico

Descriptive Error ^
Messages

Geoff Friesen

Last Line Recall ^

Geoff Friesen

^^ The cassette tape/disk sym-
bols beside leatures and col-
umns indicate that the program list-
ings with those articles are on this
month's RAINBOW ON TAPE and
RAINBOW ON DISK. Those with only
the disk symbol are not available on
RAINBOW ON TAPE. For details, check
the RAINBOW ON TAPE and RAIN-
BOW ON DISK ad on the page 65.

Departments

Advertisers Index
Back Issue Info
CoCo Gallery

Letters to Rainbow
Received & Certified

96
42
18
4
82

THE RAINBOW is published every month ol the year by FALSOFT. Inc., The Falsofl Building, 9509 U.S. Highway 42. P.O. Box 385.
Prospect. KY 40059, phone (502) 228-4492. THE RAINBOW. RAINBOWIest and THE RAINBOW and R AINBOWfesI logotypes are registered
trademarks ol FALSOFT, Inc. • Second class postage paid Prospect, KY and additional offices. USPS N. 705-050 (ISSN No. 0746-4797).
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to THE RAINBOW. P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059. Authorized as second class postage paid from
Hamilton, Ontario by Canada Post, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. • Entire contents copynghfby FALSOFT. Inc., 1 990. THE RAINBOW is intended
for the private use and pleasise of its subscribers and purchasers and reproduction by any means is prohibited. Use ol intormation herein is
for the single end use of purchasers and any other use is expressly prohibited. All programs herein are distributed in an "as is" basis, without
warranty ol any kind whatsoever. • Tandy. Color BASIC. Extended Color BASIC and Program Pak are registered Irademarks of the Tandy
Corp. • Subscriptions to THE RAINBOW are $31 per year in the United States. Canadian rates are U.S. $38. Surface mall to other countries
Is U.S. $68, air mail U.S. $1 03. All subscriptions begin with next available issue. • Limited back issues are available. Please see notice for issues
that are in print and their costs. Payment accepted by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, cash, check or money order in U.S. currency only.
Full refund after mailing of one issue. A refund of 1 0/1 2ths (tie subscription amount after two issues are mailed. No refund after mailing of three
or more magazines.

Columns

Barden's Buffer

William Barden, Jr.
Programming structure

Breakpoint ^

Greg Law
Easy access

CoCo Consultations

Marty Goodman

Just what the doctor ordered

Delphi Bureau

Eddie Kuns

New machines coming, plus the
database report

KISSable OS-9 ^

Dale Puckett

OS-9 graphics primitives

Print#-2

Lonnie Falk
Editor's notes

Turn of the Screw ^

Tony DiStefano
EPROM programmer. Part III

Wishing Well >

Fred Scerbo
Between numbers

Wrapping the Rainbow

Cray Augsburg
The year ahead

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

The Rainbow

to. ft*

Editor and Publisher
Lawrence C. Falk

Managing Editor Cray Augsburg
Associate Editor Sue Fomby
Copy Editor Kelly Golf
Submissions/Reviews Editor Tony Olive
Technical Editor Greg Law
Technical Assistants Ed Ellers,

Gregory Shultz
Editorial Assistant Julie Hutchinson,

Wendy Falk Barsky
Contributing Editors

William Barden, Jr.

Steve Blyn, Tony DiStefano

Martin Goodman, M.D.

Dale Puckett, Fred Scerbo

Richard White
Art Director Heidi Nelson
Designers Sharon Adams, O'Neil Arnold.

Teri Kays
Consulting Editors Judi Hutchinson
Typesetter Debbee Diamond

Falsoft, Inc.

President Lawrence C. Falk
General Manager Bonnie Frowenfeld
Asst. General Mgr. tor Finance Donna Shuck
Admin. Asst. to the Publisher Kim Thompson
Editorial Director John Crawley
Senior Editor Jutta Kapfhammer
Director ot Production Jim Cleveland
Chiet Bookkeeper Diane Moore
Dealer Accounts Judy Quashnock
Asst. Gen. Manager For Administration

Sandy Apple
Corporate Business Technical Director

Calvin Shields
Word Processor Manager Patricia Eaton
Customer Service Manager Beverly Bearden
Customer Service Representative

Carolyn Fenwick
Chief of Printing Services Melba Smith
Dispatch TimWhelan
Business Assistant Laurie Falk
Chief of Building Security and Maintenance

Lawrence Johnson
Development and Advertising Manager

Ira Barsky
Advertising Representatives Belinda Kirby.

Kim Vincent
Advertising Assistant Debbie Baxter
(502)228-4492

Cover art was created

in CorelDRAW By Heidi Nelson

For RAINBOW Advertising and
Marketing Office Information,
see Page 95

Protecting the rainbow

Editor:

I enjoy THE RAINBOW very much, and
you have my continued support. However,
I do have a problem. I like the new binding
because I can fold the magazine to enter
listings, but my copy gets ripped before it
even gets to my home. The magazine used
to come in a plastic bag. Could you start
doing this again?

Scott Lukens
Osceola Mills, Pennsylvania

Editor:

When the August 1990 issue came, there
was no plastic bag around it and my copy
was mutilated. I was very disturbed that
you no longer protect our magazines from
the abuse they get in the postal system. I
like to keep all my rainbows for refer-
ence, and all of them are in good condition
— except the last one.

Robert F. Long
Walkers ville , Maryland

After receiving many similar requests,
we have decided to return to the plastic
polybags you used to find protecting your
monthly copies of THE RAINBOW. Its an
investment worth preserving.

Barden to the Rescue

Editor:

I received my August 1990 issue of THE
RAINBOW today, and I'm finding it very
interesting — there is more information on
how to use my CoCo, as well as new
products for it. My primary interests are in
how to use the computer as a tool. I am an
"operator" rather than a programmer.

If THE RAINBOW had comejust two days
later. I would have purchased an MS-DOS
system. But I changed my mind after read-
ing "Barden's Buffer" (Page 60). It was a
difficult decision, but the CoCo has served
me well. In fact, using TX-80, a word proc-
essor by Fred Kolesar. I have found many
uses for my CoCo.

A J. Cryder
St. James City. Florida

Why Upgrade to the 68K?

Editor:

In recent issues. I have seen several ads
for the so-called "CoCo 4." From what I
can tell, it is just a CoCo 3 that can be
upgraded to use the 68000 microprocessor.

I see no point in upgrading to a 68000. After
all, what do we end users need with a more
powerful microprocessor and OSK?

We have what we need in a computer. If
anything, a new machine should be a port-
able version of the CoCo 3 with minor
enhancements like a full-screen editor, or
perhaps ADOS or OS-9 built-in. This is what
I would be looking for — not a dedicated
OSK system.

Matthew Brannigan
Rockville. Maryland

While the CoCo 3 allows access to 5I2K
(and more) of memory. thetiXBOVEis limited
to a (>4K address space. This limitation
continues to get in the way of programmers
wanting to write sophisticated applications.
The CoCo has served us well over the
years, hut we won't say no to an upgrade
option offering more power to those users
who want it — especially when the upgrade
is a direct ascension from the 6S\\ family.
Until now. "upgrading" has meant moving
to an MS-DOS system, or an Atari or Amiga,
and leaving behind all that is CoCo.

. . . and a Different View

Editor:

Being one who fell into the InterTan
"trap," I believed the CoCo was dead. So I
sold my entire collection of CoCos and
purchased an MS-DOS machine. I like my
new machine, but I am thinking of entering
the CoCo market once again.

I have seen the ads for the new Tomcat
and MM/i machines and I am excited. It is
great to see the CoCo evolve. I can remem-
ber others telling me the CoCo would never
last. Now we are gaining access to the 68000
world and OSK.

I am glad to see the Tomcat is designed
to maintain CoCo compatibility. Those of
us who left the CoCo and are considering
coming back will like this. It feels great to
be returning to the CoCo.

Basil V. Fitze
Abotsford. British Columbia

The Price of Progress

Editor:

Lately I've noticed when you print a
listing of assembly-language programs, you
no longer print the object code to the left of
the line numbers. Many of us don't have
access to EDTASM+, so we write BASIC pro-
grams to poke the object code into mem-

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

We Can Make Your CoCo Do
Things You Just Wouldn't Believe

Stupendous Software at Silly Prices! There's no reason to wait.

System Requirements CoCo Max III... %T0f9S $49.95 CoCo Max 3 and Max 10

Max-10 and CoCo Max III Require: any Whether you doodle for fun or do graphics lor a Get both incredible programs at a

CoCo 3; 1 or more disk drives: joystick living, CoCo Max will amaze you. It's a . __»__ C11 ^ C( -q qc

or mouse: Radio Shack Hi Resolution promise Rainbow called it "the ultimate stunning price »|0^wo aoy.ys

joystick interface: a video or RGB program." Its major features Include: Huge

monitor or a TV. picture area (2 full hires 320x192 screens). /**»#»«* Mow « AWHnn*

An *ia^ Large editing window. Zoom mode for detail l*OuO MaX o Muaons

MaX-1 O...$0P^5 $39.95 work. 28 point and click drawing tools. Shrink - Max Fonts set A, Max Fonts set B.

Max-10 is the ultimate word processor. It and stretch. Rotation at any angle (1 -5° steps). Ea ch set has two disks and over 40

allows on screen mixing of graphics and 512K memory support fall features work wrth (on ts $a**)*$14.95

text, large headlines, multiple columns 1 2 ? K ,0 °) u " d0 <° E S ' ! eat ^ r ? ,0 ,lx mis,akes Both sets (95 fonts) $49.95

and full paqe preview with qraphics. Animation. Special effects. Color sequencing _ Max Edit Create new fonts or edit

Rainbow stated "Max-1 takes a back (8 colors variable speed) 1 3 fonts (more existing ones SM*9$1 4.95

seat to none". Without a doubt. Max-10 available). Each font has 8 sizes and 5 styles _ color Printer drivers NX-1000

will add excitement to your word proc- ,or thousands of possible combinations. Trans- Rainbow. CGP-220. and Okimate

essing. and that's no small task! J«e LP'ogram to convert most types of pictures. 20 il**3 $14.95

PRINTERS SUPPORTED- epson CoCo Snow slide show program. Miniload

Fx.Mx.fix.u( a compatibles; dm'p 105.106.130: program to help use pictures with your soft- Digitizer

CGP220 (B»w). oki 182.92.192: star nx-10. nx- ware. Color editing of patterns. Prints in single niniti?* anu ntetum from anv video

'«■ or double size. SeTect 1 6 of 64 available colors. S,8KmTi|K1

Mav-1 n AHrt-nn« aM M colors are shown at once ,or eas y CoCo Mma o? Mat-ib DS-69 Reauires

MaX-1 Add-OnS selection. Pull-down menus. 40 paint brush Muttinak 2 oS Defsecond $99 II

- Max-10 Fonts. 36 super fonts on 2 shapes. 2 color lettering. Spray can. Amazing MumpaK. ^ pix per secono **v.w3

disks ^a*«9$14.95 "flowbrush". RGB and composite monitor A-BuS

Max 10 and CoCo Max Fonts aren't Interchangeable support. Colors print in 5 Shades Of gray. uuo

- Spell Checker 35.000 word dictionary ddimtpbc «si iBDORTFn- c K ™ n « „ u »i, . wn Da,a Acquisition and Control boards. Call
for online spell checking and dictionary compatibles stahIgewni nx-wInx Mem dmpTmios Alpha Products at number below,
lookup. Perfect seamless integration with tra.i 1 0.120.130.200: oki 82A.182.192: cgp-220(B&w)

Max-10 * <j p >B $14.95 Color Drivers. See below. Call Of Writ© NOW

Ordering Information: We accept Visa. Mastercard. Checks, M.O. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^_ (203) 656-1 806

COD. is $-' niira Purchase orders subject to credit approval. ^B^a^^^^^^^^^^^a^B Weekdays 9-5 Eastern Time

Connecticut residents add 8% sales tax. 1 PH/ HDUM DP ^m\n •. *

Shipping: $4 per order (usually UPS ground). Canada: $6 per LV^ y ^ V/r> "A*nfc^ 242 West Avenue,

order (Airmail). Outside USA & Canada: Add 10"/ooI order total. %■■ ■ Darien CT 06820
UPS 2nd Day Air. $6 extra. Next Day service available.

ory. Without this information, we have no
easy means of doing this. You have pub-
lished many machine-language programs
that I would like to use. But without the
object code, I am out of luck. Will you start
listing these codes again?

Steven Martin Bump
Muscle Shoals. Alabama

Before THE RAINBOW was produced via
desktop publishing (DTP), it was easy to
provide the object code in assembly list-
ings. After all. EDTASM+ provided this in-
formation in its "list on assembly" mode.
But EDTASM+ doesn't allow us to "list on
assembly" to a disk file, and that is what we
need if we are to publish the object code
with DTP. Where possible, we provide BASIC
programs to poke the machine-language
code into memory. Also. EDTASM+ is still
available through Radio Shack's Express
Order Software system.

Looking for 512K

Editor:

I want to upgrade my CoCo 3 to 5 1 2K and
I wonder if I need any other accessories
along with the upgrade board. I also won-
der if you could recommend any upgrades
that are easy to install and are not too
expensive.

Dwaine Acker

P.O. Box 923

Shelburne.NS BOT I WO

Canada

You shouldn't need any accessories
beyond the items included when you buy
your5!2K upgrade. For more information,
check Marty Goodman ' s article " Upgrad-
ing the Color Computer's Memory" (March
1989. Page 34).

A Friendly Situation

Editor:

As a result of your publishing my previ-
ous letter in the August issue I have now
received seven responses, each from a dif-
ferent state — all were helpful. I answered
the letters and suggested that the effective-
ness of THE RAINBOW as a means of data
exchange is (to me) a proven plus.

One caller, previously unknown to me,
is a CoCo veteran who lives just a couple of
miles away. We have met, swapped shop
talk, and plan to continue this association.
In view of this, accept my thanks for your
assistance.

Robert Willard
Carriere. Mississippi

We're glad we could help.

Redefining OS-9 Control Keys

Editor:

One common use for the OS-9 xmode
command is to change the printer baud rate.
Less often does one hear of its use in
altering the configuration of the CoCo
keyboard. Personally, I have always found
ctrl-a (used to repeat a command line)
and CTRL-W (to pause the screen) to be both
awkward and unwieldy. A simple remedy
is to use xmode to redefine other keys for
these functions.

Since SHIFT-Ieft arrow deletes the cur-
rent line, let's redefine SHlFT-right arrow to
recall the last line typed. Using the "OS-9
Keyboard Codes" table (Level II manual.
"OS-9 Commands," Page c-i) as a guide,
you see the code for SHIFT-right arrow is
Si 9. Simply change the dup character from
its default (SOl) to S19 using xmode. In a
similar fashion you can change the psc
character from S17 to $60 to change the
pause-screen key from ctrl-w to SHiFT-@
(just like Disk BASIC). If you add the line:

xmode /term dup-19 psc-60

to the startup file, the changes will be in
place after booting OS-9. You can take this
even farther by adding the pause and pag
characters to give you control over all the
windows you use. Replace /term with /tee,
where x is the number of the window in
question.

Gerry Gerhart
Huntsville. Ontario

Pirate Notice

Editor:

Thank you for running my request for
pen-pals. In the June issue, you stated "Only
those parties who have signed our non-
piracy agreement form appear in the list-
ings of Intercom". I never received such a
form before my request was printed. I also
noticed the statement doesn't appear in the
August issue. Does this mean you don't
require the agreement any more? The agree-
ment is a very good idea and should be
continued. We programmers spend alot of
time working on our programs and any-
thing to reduce the chance of piracy is
welcomed.

Also, my address has been changed and
I'm still interested in pen-pals. Thank you
for bringing me closer to those who share
my interest in the CoCo.

Tika Carr
199 Rossmore Street
Rochester, NY 14606

Pen-pals seem to be self-governing as
far as piracy is concerned. However, please

inform us if you do receive an invitation
from a pirate.

What's in a C Compiler?

Editor:

I'm a beginning C programmer, and I
purchased the C'compiler from Tandy.
Upon booting the software I found that the
module cc2 is missing. cc2 is designed to
take advantage of Level ll's enhanced
memory management. I called Tandy and
the person I talked with has no idea what
I'm talking about: So I then called Micro-
ware. It turns out they know what I'm
talking about, but Microware isn't support-
ing the 6809 anymore.

Also, I am interested in locating patches
to allow me to put the compiler and the
library on one 40-track disk. I would be
grateful for any help.

Ernest Bazzinotti, Jr.

93 Aucckland Street. Apt tt2

Dorchester, MA 02125

The difference between the Level I and
Level II versions of the C compiler is that
both passes are pe /formed by the c . comp
modules in the Level II version. Tandy
licensed only the Level I version from
Microware. However, you can find ver-
sions of ccl that take advantage of Level II
features on Delphi. CompuServe and many
bulletin boards.

A Vote of Confidence

Editor:

I am writing to commend you on your
excellent August issue of THE RAINBOW. I
am encouraged that you are giving more
coverage to OS-9, and I hope this will con-
tinue. I am also looking forward to articles
on the new machines and OS-9/68K.

Frank Pittenger
Raleigh, North Carolina

Can CoCo Tell Time?

Editor:

I recently built an expansion-relay board
that was advertised in THE RAINBOW. Hav-
ing just bought a new house. I want to
secure my home with a CoCo 3 alarm
system.

I am an experienced BASIC programmer,
and I understand 6809 machine language at
an intermediate level. I am looking for a
real-time clock program with output that
can be displayed on the 40- or 80-column
screen while the computer is executing a
BASIC program to scan windows, doors and

Continued on Page 88

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

CoCo Graphics Designer Pius

Create beautiful greeting cards, signs and banners for holidays,
birthdays and other occasions. Features easy-to-use point and click in-
terface and user-friendly operation. Picture, font and Border collections

included. Only $29.95 (Req CoCo 2/3, dls* drive, mouse or joystick. Printers:
EPSON.GEMINI, Slat. DMP. Panasonic KXP 1080/80/91/92, CHoh 8510, Okidala 92/93/182/183
& mofe)

Picture Disk #2, #3, #4: $14.95 each

font Disk A,B: $14.95 each Border Disk #1: $14.95j

Color Schematic Designer Ver 2.0

The best Circuit Designer for the CoCo 3. Pull Down Menus, hi-resolution sym
bol sets, Keyboard / Mouse / Joystick (with proportional cursor speed system),
lightning fast multiple UNDOs, Symbol Add / Modify / Rotate/Line/Box Draw,
Hi-res Fonts, workspace of 640 x 1000 pixels, 3 layers, font styles (fancy, italic,
block etc). Supports DMP/ EPSON / GEMINI & compatible printers. Supports
near laser quality printouts on almost all EPSON Compatibles! Only $39.95.
CSD 1,1 / 1 .2 owners can upgrade to version 2.0 by sending $10 w/ proof of
purchase. (See Review in September 1939 Rainbow)

y-i

MUSIC

£E

COLOR MIDI INTERFACE: Connect CoCo to MIDI world. Contains 1
MIDI input & 4 MIDI outputs to hookup to 4 MIDI devices. Multipak or Y Cable
NOT REQUIRED! Only $99

SYNTRAX 2.0: Very sophisticated MIDI Seq. Ability to control multiple
music synthesizers, rhythm machines or any other MIDI devices. Only $59
SYNLIB: Multi-instrument Librarian. Uses the MIDI port to save/dump pat-
terns from almost every instrument. Only $49

Musica II: Best Music Composition program for the CoCo 1,2 & 3. Disk
Only $29.95

Lyra: MIDI Based Music Composition program for CoCo 1,2 & 3. Only
$49.95

The Lyra Companion (Book): $9.95
Studio Works: Superb Digital Audio Sampler. $39.95 w/ Cable: $54.95

Label Designer

Print Labels with text and graphics; mail merge option; disk directory op-
tion; serial numbering option; easy to use graphics user interface. Only
S29.95

ADOS ^

EXTENDED ADOS 3: Here it is! Highly acclaimed DOS from
Spectrosystems with built-in Ramdisk, Point-and-Pick & much more.
Only $39.95

Driver for Disto RTC: $5 28-pin Adapter: $10

Smartwatch RTC: $34.95 Drivers: $10

ADOS 3: $34.95

ADOS: $27.95

From Colorware...

Max 10: $39.95 Spelling Checker for Max 1 0: $29.95

Max 1 Fonts (36 fonts) : $29.95 . ,

CoCo Max III: $49.95 (^"W\

CoCo Max III Fonts (95 fonts): $49.95 \L ^
Max Edit (Font Editor): $19.95 Tr" 1

NX1000 Rainbow Driver/ CGP 220 Driver: $19.95
CoCo Max II: $69.95 CoCo Max I (Tape): $59.95
MAXPATCH (Run Max 2 on CoCo 3): $19.95

Terminal & BBS Software

Autoterm: Modem Software for CoCo 1,2,3; $39.95
VTERM: Terminal Software for CoCo 3 with VT Emulations, Xmodem,
Ymodem, RAMDISK like Buffer, Conference mode, 35/40/80 track drive
support. Only $39.95

CEBBS

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Graphically Speaking

As I was discussing the theme for this
month's issue ofTHERAlNBOW.it occurred
to me that most of the major advances in the
CoCo over the years have been graphics-
oriented.

Ask any of the older (in terms of years of
involvement, not necessarily age) mem-
bers of the CoCo Community and they will
probably tell you about the wonderthey felt
the first time they saw a real, "live," space
invader crawl across the top of their screen.

In an early issue of a small magazine
called Color Computer News, Tom Rosen-
baum of Spectral Associates in Tacoma.
Washington, demonstrated how to create a
space-invader type game in machine lan-
guage and how to animate it.

I know that sounds pretty crude today.
But back then, when all we had were some
not-so-exciting rom Paks from Radio
Shack, the Spectral invader was quite a
marvel. Naturally, it did not do anything
except move across the screen. To actually
play the game, you had to buy the program
from Spectral. And there it was, in living
color.

Tom Rosenbaum's invader game was
probably the third most spectacular sight I
have ever seen on my CoCo. The Number
1 ranking, interestingly, belongs not to a
graphics program at all but. yet, one which

was more of a graphics program than any-
thing else.

Early on. when Howard Cohen wrote
Telewriter for his company, Cognitec of
Del Mar, California, he set out to write a
word processing program and immediately
ran into a problem that bugged everyone
who was working with the Color Computer
— a text screen only 32 characters wide.

Howard solved this problem — and
fathered an entire new age in the CoCo
world — by drawing letters on the graphics
screen and providing 64- and 85-column
displays. I heard that members of the Greater
Cincinnati trs-80 User's Group actually
applauded when Dick White demonstrated
Telewriter for the first time.

So graphics is as graphics does, I guess.
Today, of course, we have even more fine
screen definitions, and many people are
doing all sorts of things with the CoCo:
word processing, desktop publishing, sign-
making and the like. Graphics have taken
over the world of games as well, and that is
as it should be, since games are an impor-
tant part of the computer world.

Tandy, as you are aware, originally
conceived the Color Computer as a ma-
chine on which people could play games —
throwing in the "computer" as a sort of
bonus. It was originally marketed as com-
petition for the home game devices of its
day and happened to perform spectacu-
larly. Of course, what happened to be
"thrown in" — the computer — became
CoCo's mainstay. It still is.

What has always been interesting to me
is to see the programmers in the Color
Computer world expand their horizons. In
the last couple of years that has happened
more so in the graphics area. I suspect
graphics and graphics capabilities will
always be a prime factor in the world of
Color Computing.

What is most interesting to me, though,
is the role graphics plays in non-graphic
areas. Sure, we "celebrate" graphic inven-

tiveness with such features here as our
"CoCo Gallery," but the truth is that graph-
ics are employed in almost all commercial
products on the CoCo today.

Cohen opened up a whole world of
applications and a way to "get around" the
32-column display. That idea was and is
used by everything from database programs
to desktop publishers. Quite a legacy,
Howard.

*****

Before you ask and I end up with a
thousand letters to answer, the Number 2
gee-whiz, to me anyway, was the concept
of Motion Picture Programming devel-
oped by a gentleman named Arnold Pouch.
I still do not totally understand how it
works, and Arnold passed away about a
year after he developed the concept (al-
though there are some tutorials in some
older issues of THE RAINBOW).

Without needing to draw true animated
screens, Motion Picture Programming
animates the CoCo screen. I thought Ar-
nold's neatest venture was a craps game in
which a hand actually shook the dice and
then rolled them onto a table.

Because mighty oaks do indeed grow
from small acorns, I have wondered from
time to time what advances Arnold and
those who would have used his technology
would have brought about. It is a shame we
will never know.

*****

Now that you've had a month to cogitate
on the matter, I'll give you the answers to
last month's little geography quiz. The
Allegheny and Monongahela rivers meet
at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and form the
Ohio River, and this area is called the
Golden Triangle.

— Lonnie Falk

THE RAINBOW October 1 990

.Jusl think of any word processing feature,
chances are Word Power has it.. .packs a lot of
features.. .excellent word processor..." Word
Proc. Comparison April 1989 Rainbow; Pg 26.

Word Power 3.3

The Best Just Got Better!

'...friendly... a mazing execution
speed. ..much easier to use lhan VII*|
software & 2 other systems I've
tried. ..very user friendly... highest among
tford-proccssors'-Rainbow Oct 88 Rev.

SPEED

£^ Blazing Fast! Runs

at 2 Mhz and uses

the standard text

Iscrccns for lightning fast execu-

MEMORY

Word Power 3.3 allows 72K oil
workspace on a 128K CoCo and
460K on a 512K CoCo. More memory
lhan any other word processor. Period.

EDITING

Powerful full-screen editor w/1
word-wrap. 4-way cursor,scrol-
| ling; Line Positioning; Block
Commands; Search, Replace;
OOPs recall during delete, adjustable key-
repeat, key-click, typeahead, Tabs, Word-Count
and much more! . Built-in extensive HELP
screen can be accessed anytime during edit.

POOLER

Fint and Edit docu-
ments at the same

*Vi

DISPLAY

Choice of 40 or 80
columns with your
choice of colors. Can
be used with RGB/
Composite/Mono-
fchromc Monitors and TV. Pull down
menus, plain cnglish prompts, on-screen
underlining and page break display make

3Cr ^ SORTING

3ort lists in a flash!

CALCULATOR

Built-in 4 function calculator!

SPLIT-SCREEN
EDITING

Freeze a portion of text and edit
another. Its fantastic!

GRAPHICS

Insert graphics in
your documents!
Allows you to im-
port PMODE 3/4,
HSCREEN and CoCo Max

2 COLtJMN PRINTING

l-£li? Aligj£l}rour text in 2 columns
._"^ : with^ew keystrokes!

SAVING / LOADING

Creates ASCII files that are compatible with
other word-processors, terminal programs,
etc. Allows directory point & select for easy
loading/saving. Automatic Backup, file
erase, free space display. ARE YOU
SURE? prompts prevent accidental deletes. The Auto-Save
feature automatically saves text to disk during user-defined
intervals for peace of mind. Supports double-sided drives.

MACROS

W Playback
'J up to 250

keystrokes
with a sin-
gle key!
Automate multiple
tasks with a single
key! You'll love it!

MAIL MERGE

Type a letter, follow it
with a list of names &
addresses and have Word
Power print out personal-
ized letters. Its that easy!

PRINTING

«
Works with all printers that work with the CoCo. Allows options

such as baud rales, spacing, page/print pause, partial print, page

'inumbering/ placement, linefeeds, mulii-linc headers/footers, right

justification and number of copies. The values of these options can
be changed in the text by embedding Printer Option Codes. The
WHAT YOU SEE IS WHAT YOU GET feature allows you to preview the text
on the screen as it will appear on the printer. You can view margins, page breaks,

SPELLING CHECKER

/ord Power 3.3 include
a 80,000 word spelling
checker which finds and
corrects mistakes in your
text.

jur

DOCUMENTATION

Word Power 3.3 comes with a well-written

instruction manual & reference card which

„ makes writing with Word Power as easy as pie.

Word Power 3.3 comes on an unprotected disk.

(PUNCTUATION
CHECKER

■ This checker will proofread
your text for punctuation
Icrrors such as capitalization, dou-
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more. Its the perfect addition to
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Upgrade Policy: Word Power 3.2
owners can get Word Power 3.3 by
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MICROCOM SOFTWARE, 2900 Monroe Ave, Rochester.NY 14618 G3

ill Word Poweri.Z orders shipped by UPS 2nd Day Air at No Extra Charge in Continental US.
For Detailed Order Information, refer to Page 17 of our 6-page Ad series(Pgs 7-17).
To Place Credit Card Orders Call Toll Free 1 -800-654-5244 (9am-8pm 7 days/week)
Technical Support (4-8pm), Order Status, Info, Technical Info; 716-383-8830

Picture This!

by Tom George

I am the first to admit I lack great
artistic ability. Although I like the
graphics programs available for the
Color Computer 3. I've never pur-
chased one because, with my mini-
mal talent. I could not justify spending the
money. I also did not need a program that
could use 100 fonts and 40 brushes, but I did
want to create simple graphic icons and
print text with graphics.

CoCoDraw, by Darin Herr. is just such
a program for the CoCo 2; however, it is not
easily modified because it is built around
the PCOPY command, which cannot be used
with the CoCo 3 Hi-Res screen. Inspired by
CoCoDraw, I wrote Spectra 3 to take ad-
vantage of the CoCo 3.

Spectra 3 requires 512K with one disk
drive, an RGB monitor and a self-centering
joystick. The Hi Resolution Joystick Inter-
face needed on some commercial drawing
packages is not necessary, thanks to a
modification by John G. Williams. Spectra
3 is ideally suited for beginning artists and
persons with simple graphics needs.

Although it's easy to use. Spectra 3 is a
program powerhouse with features such as
rays, cubes and ellipses. It paints in vertical
patterns and has fast machine language
screen refresh, disk save/load and memory
management.

Tom George has a PhD in organic chemis-
try and is a specialist in clinical chemistry
With a hospital in the Philadelphia area.
His Color Computer interests include
machine-language programming and
working with the OS-9 operating system.

You draw by pointing on the main menu
and pressing the fire button to initiate a
command.This menu can be turned on or
off to allow drawing with the full screen in
view, unlike other programs that draw on
only part of the screen or require you to
scroll to the hidden areas.

liUHHafl&aaidifluVsauu"

ave Fi
.oad Fi .
(ill Fi e
icreen dp

i U;/F.>:itl Background

Clear/Hod!

nam 3 ill

Two pull-down menus are also pro-
vided. The Files/Exit menu lets you save
and load pictures and exit to BASIC. The
Clear/Mode menu lets you set the Gel/Put
mode, which clears the screen and sets the
colors. You can select a palette of 1 6 colors
from the 64 colors available. The colors are
saved to disk with the picture and restored
when the picture is loaded.

In addition to using it as a drawing
program. Spectra 3 can also be used as a
simple desktop publisher. You can write
with the standard HPRINT font or use Bold
or Old English. To get started, using a
freshly formatted disk, enter and save list-
ings 1 and 2. then RUN "MAKESPEC". A
machine-language file (SPECTRA3/BIN) is
created and saved. Be sure to make a backup

copy of this disk. It can hold up to four
picture files. Enter RUN "SPECTRA" and you
are ready to draw.

Main Menu

On startup the main menu appears at the
top of the screen. It contains twenty icons
representing drawing tools. Below it are 16
palette colors and four patterns. The menu
can be turned off by moving the pointer to
the top left corner and pressing the fire
button. To restore the menu, move to the
top right comer and press the button. Be-
low the palette are three boxes. Pressing the
button in the Files/Exit box activates a pull-
down menu that automatically enters the
Load File option. If the disk contains pic-
ture files, the files are listed. Use the joy-
stick to scroll to the desired file and press
the button to load the picture.

To use the other options in Files/Exit,
hold the button down when entering the
menu. Use the joystick to scroll to the
desired option, then release the button to
activate the selection. When entering text
remember that lowercase is used unless
you hold down the SHIFT key. Use the left
arrow key to backspace and erase text if
necessary.

Although Spectra 3 does not have a
graphics-screen dump, space has been left
in the menu
if you want to
add one to

gifgifghfghfgh

October 1990 THE RAINBOW 11

Line 5240. If your dump is written in ma-
chine language, place it between S7D00 and
the top of ram (S7FFF) to avoid overwriting
the BASIC program.

Since the break key is disabled, there
are only two ways to exit the program
without turning off the computer. The Exit/
BASIC option leaves the program in mem-
ory; you can continue by typing RUN. You
can also exit by pressing the Reset button,
which restarts the computer and erases
program memory but not video memory.
Any pictures not saved before exiting can
still be partially recovered using the Oop
icon to restore the picture. The areas under
the menus cannot be recovered.

You can save or edit HSCREEN2 pictures
from other programs the same way; how-
ever, you must use the Palette option to
manually restore the colors. Pictures are
lost if the computer is turned off, and you
cannot save screens from os-9 programs.
The Background box sets the background
color. On startup the background is white.
Tochange it, position the pointer any where
in the box and press the button. You can
then select any of the 16 colors by moving
the pointer to a color and pressing the
button. The Clear Screen option in the
Clear/Mode menu erases the entire screen
to the background color. This color is the
border at which painting stops when using
Paint. When using the Enlarge command,
the background color appears when a pixel
is turned off. The background color is also
used to erase the HPRINT text by backspac-
ing. Finally, background color is used for
pull-down menus. You cannot use a pattern
as a background color.

The Clear/Mode box opens another pull-
down menu similar to Files/Exit. Hold the
button down and scroll to the desired Put
mode option or Clear Screen. If you clear
the screen accidentally, use Oop to restore.
Selecting Palette presents 1 6 colored boxes.
Change the palette with the right and left
arrow keys and select the color with the Fi
and F2 keys. Starting from Number 63
(white), fi decreases the color number and
F2 increases the color number. Remember
that Palette 8 (black) is the pointer color,
and changing it may make the pointer dif-
ficult to see.

Commands

To select a command, move the arrow to
a command icon and press the fire button.
The icon border changes color, and you can
use the tool on the screen directly below the
menu or underneath by turning the menu
off. The command remains active until you
select another or use the Oop command.
The commands are, from left to right:

Digitized Pen: After selecting this com-

12 THE RAINBOW October 1990

mand, move the pointer to the desired loca-
tion and press the button. The pointer
disappears.You can then draw lines by
pressing one of eight keys. W moves up, E
up and right. D right, C down and right. X
down. Z down and left, A left and Q up and
left.

Line

Module

/Subroutine

10-60

Initialization

100-170

Main Menu

200 - 330

Main Loop

IOOO-5S20

Subroutines

1000- 1150

Pen

1400- 1410

Box

161X1-1610

Box Fill

1800-1810

Circle

2000 - 2020

Paint

2200 - 2200

Oop

2400 - 2410

Line

2600 - 2620

Cube

2800-2810

Point kRay

3000 - 3020

Get

3200 - 3290

Put

3400-3510

Enlarge

3600 - 3640

Foreground Color

3800-3810

Roller Brush

4000-4010

Ellipse

4200-4210

Ray

4400-4410

Text

4600 - 4630

Bold Text

4800 - 4830

Old Text

5000-5270

Files/Exit

5300 - 5320

Background

5400 - 5480

Clear/Mode

5500-5610

Palette

5620 - 5670

Joystick routine

6000 - 7880

Font Data

Table 1: Modules and Subroutines

The keys are arranged in their order of
movement on the keyboard, and repeat
automatically if held down. Try holding
down a key and simultaneously pressing a
second key for some interesting angles and
pixel spacing. To increase line size press 2;
to decrease press I. Toggle the pen up and
down by pressing 3. A blinking pixel shows
the draw position. Press ENTER to end and
restore the pointer.

I have never been able to master free-
hand drawing with a joystick, but those
who want to draw freehand can add this by
deleting lines looo through I ISO and adding
the following two lines. Press and release
the button to start and end.

1000 GOSUB5780:FORJ-1T01000:NEXT
:HLINE(X.Y)-(X.Y).PSET:REM * PEN
1010 G0SUB5650:HLINE-(X.Y).PSET:
IFFB-0THEN1010ELSERETURN

Spray Can: Sprays paint in a rectangular
box. Move the pointer to the upper left
comer of the area to be sprayed and hold the
fire button down. Move the box down and

to the right, then release the button. Paint is
sprayed in the box until the button is pressed.
Note that while you can position the box
upward from the starting point or down and
to the left, no paint is sprayed.

Box: Draws a rectangular box. Position the
pointer and holrtthe button while moving
the box to the desired position.

Box Fill : Same as the box command except
the box is filled.

Circle: Hold the button and move the joy-
stick forward and left to decrease the circle
or backward and right to increase it.

Paint: The object to be painted must be
completely enclosed by the background
color, or the entire screen will be painted. If
this happens, move the pointer to the upper
right corner and press the button to restore
the menu, then select the Oop command to
restore the picture. You cannot use a pat-
tern as a border color, and you cannot paint
over a pattern made up of a border color.

Oop: Cancels the previous command.
Restores the Hi-Res picture in memory on
startup.

Line: Draws a line of any length in the
specified direction.

Cube: Move the joystick right to project the
cube right and change size. Move left to
project the cube left and change size. Move
the joystick forward to increase the depth
of the cube and backward to decrease it.
When the cube hits the borders of the
screen it breaks up.

Point Ray: Draws lines to a central point.
Position the pointer and press the button.
You can either hold the button to position
the line orposition the pointer and press the
button to draw the line. Note that when
using Point Ray with the menu off, you
must double-click the button to restore the
main menu.

Get: You can pickup or "get" a portion of
the screen, up to a maximum of 62-by-62
points. Position the pointer at the upper left
comer, hold the button and move the pointer
to highlight the image. Releasing the but-
ton picks up the image.

Put: Pressing the button quickly Puts down
the image from Get so it can be positioned
by moving the joystick. The way the image
is Put depends on the mode setting in the
Clear/Mode menu. Press the button again
to set the image. Move the joystick to the
top of the screen to restore the pointer.

HEART & SOUL

Breathe Life Into Your Color Computer. Gain complete control over
your CoCo with these Pokes, Peeks 'n Execs Books. The books will give
you the power of Machine Language without leaving the security of Basic.
Each book is a collection of "inside* information with explanations and
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<??

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CoCo 2 Service Manual $29.95
Multipak Service Manual $19.95

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Color Computer Disk Manual $29.95
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Inside OS9 Level II $29.95
Complete Rainbow Guide to OS9 $19.95
Complete Rainbow Guide (2 Disks) $29.95
Rainbow Guide To OS9 Level II $19.95
Rainbow Guide To Level II Disk $19.95

COCO 3 GAMES

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Warrior King: $29.95
In Quest of the Star Lord: $34.95
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Quest for the Spirit Stone: $18
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Kyum-Gai: $29.95
Mine Rescue: $24.95
Overlord: $29

Games for CoCo 1,2,3

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Wizard's Castle $19.95. Hi-res graphics adventure filled with
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Pinball Factory $34.95. Design, build, edit & play the
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Hall of the King 1, 2, 3 $29.95 each

Hall of the King Trilogy: $74.95

Kung Fu Dude: $24.95

Dragon Blade $19.95

Champion $19.95

Paladin's Legacy $24.95

Seventh Link: $38

Caladrial 2: Weatherstone's End: $54

Slots & Cards: $39.95

White Fire of Eternity $19.95

Treasury Pack #1: $29.95. Lunar Rover Patrol, Cubix

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Classic Pack $74.95. TP1, TP2 & Space Pac ($90)

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Cashman $29.95 40 levels of animation & sound effects.

Fury $24.95 Airborn dogfight simulation.

Time Bandit $29.95 300 screens of full animation.

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JflUf MICROCCM SOFTWARE 2900 Monro.
To Order: Refer to Page 1 9 of our 6-page series (Pgs 7-1 9)

Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1-800-654-5244

(9AM-8PM 7 Days/Week)

Tech Info (between 4-8 pm), Order Status, Info: 716-383-8830. To Fax your order 71 6-383-0026

,A»B

Enlarge: Hold the button down and move
the rectangle over the area you want to
enlarge. A 22-by-22 enlarged grid appears,
and you may edit any pixel to any color. To
change color move the pointer over a color
on the palette at the right and press the
button. Then move the pointer over a back-
ground pixel. Pressing the button changes
the color of that pixel. Pressing the button
again resets the color to the background
color set in the main menu. You can change
an entire row or column by holding the
button down and slowly moving the pointer
up or down, left or right. You cannot use
Enlarge with the foreground color set to a
pattern.

Foreground Color: The drawing color for
all commands. After selecting this com-
mand, move the pointer over any color or
pattern and press the button.

Roller Brush: Allows you to paint with a 5-
by-5 pixel brush by holding the button and
moving the joystick. Note that you can also
use the brush as an eraser by setting the
foreground color to the background color.

Ellipse: While pressing the button, moving
the joystick up and left elongates and short-
ens the ellipse top-to-bottom. Moving down
and right flattens and lengthens the ellipse
left-to-right. Adjust the joystick slowly since
small movements can sometimes produce
large changes.

Ray: Hold the button down and move the
joystick in any direction to produce rays.

T (Text): Position the pointer where you
want to print text and press the button.
Enter up to 40 characters of text. Hold down
the SHIFT key for capital letters. You can
use the left arrow to backspace over mis-
takes if the background color is the same as
the background on which you are entering
text. Press ENTER when finished.

Addresses/Variables 1

SM-

Save menu (Ml.)

RM-

Restore menu (ML)

SUM-

Save Under menu (ML)

RUM-

Restore Under menu 'ML)

SS-

Save Screen (ML)

RS-

Restore Screen (ML)

FB-

Firebuuon siaiu\

Foreground Color

Background Color

CP-

I'm mode status

S-

Command number

Main Menu sialus

X.Y -

Preseni screen location

XX. YY -

Lasi screen location

L-

Length of input siriny

R-

Palette register

C-

I'alelle color

P-

Pattern/Pen color

R-

Pen radius

Strings

A$-

General input

CS-

Cube length/Disk input

EJ-

Cube depth/Disk input

P$-

Up arrow character

QJ-

Text inpul

DJ-

Disk picture files

Arrays

DP-

Non-linear pointer data

B-

Bold lexl dala

Old text data

Table 1

: Spectra 3 Variables

B (Bold) and O (Old English): The same as
Text except backspacing over mistakes is
not allowed.

Spectra 3 is modular in construction.
There are five main program modules.
Initialization sets palettes and buffers, de-
fines the machine-language execution
addresses, draws the pointer and sets up the
non-linear joystick array. You can define
your own palette on startup by changing or
adding PALETTE commands to Line 40; you

can set the foreground and background
colors by changing F and B in Line 30.

The Main Menu module draws the main
menu without displaying it and saves it to
memory. The first two pokes in Line 170
disable the BREAK key and the next poke
restarts the computer when the reset button
is pressed. *

Main Loop takes input from the joystick
and branches to the appropriate command
or menu. The high-speed poke is used in
Line 30 and 5220 and remains on except
during disk access.

The Subroutines module is divided into
subroutine functions, all marked by REM
comments. Table 1 lists major program
lines for these modules and subroutines,
and Table 2 lists program variables. This
information should help if you want to
modify any function to suit your particular
needs.

Font Data is a list of strings for the Bold
and Old English fonts. You can modify
these strings to change any character or
write a whole new font. A detailed explana-
tion of the machine language portion of
Spectra 3 would require a separate article,
but if enough readers express an interest, I
would be happy to write a tutorial. □

512KCoCo3 Disk

«*

110 37

140 128

END 101

Listing 1: MAKESPEC

10 CLEAR 400.31999

20 CLS:L-110:P-4000

30 READ A$.CS:S-0

40 PR I NTO0. "WORKING ON LINE": L

Continued on Page 20

Hint . . .

Recently I have been encountering
I/O errors with Drive under OS-9. This
frustrating problem was causing me grief
to the point where I was ready to take the
drive back to Radio Shack for repairs.
However, being the inquisitive type, I
decided to poke around inside the drive
to see if I could solve the great and
mysterious I/O problem.

Using a small program on the OS-9
Level II Boot/Config disk I checked the

drive speed. In almost all cases, the drive
speed was too slow. With the case re-
moved, I began to move the door and
noticed the drive would spin at normal
speed with the door opened slightly.
After repeated trials, 1 confirmed the
door was indeed the problem, but how to
adjust it?

I found a broken piece on the lower
side of the doorcausing it to close too far,
thereby placing extra pressure on the ro-

tating disk. I managed to eliminate the
problem by gluing a small piece of wood
to the bottom of the door. (A Popsicle
stick works just fine!) Not only did I fix
the problem, I saved myself the cost of
getting the drive fixed at Radio Shack.

Terry Alexander
St. Johns, Newfoundland

For ihis him. ihc author has been Mini copies of Tfie Fourth Rainbow Bonk of Adventures and lapc.

THE RAINBOW October 1990

CoCo Graphics Designer Plus

included. Only $29.95 (Req CoCo 2/3, disk drive, mouse or joystick, Prinlets:
EPSON.GEMINI, Star, DMP, Panasonic KXP 1080/90/91/92, Ciloh8510,Okidala 92/93/182/183
& more)

Picture Disk #2, #3, #4: $14.95 each
iFont Disk A,B: $14.95 each Border Disk #1: $14.95j

Color Schematic Designer Ver 2.0

The best Circuit Designer for the CoCo 3. Pull Down Menus, hi-resolution sym-
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lightning fast multiple UNDOs, Symbol Add / Modify / Rotate/Une/Box Draw
Hi-res Fonts, workspace of 640 x 1000 pixels, 3 layers, font styles (fancy, italic,
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near laser quality printouts on almost all EPSON Compatibles! Only $39.95.
CSD 1,1 / 1.2 owners can upgrade to version 2.0 by sending $10 w/ proof of
purchase. (See Fteview in September 1989 Rainbow)

3FEE: MUSIC

COLOR MIDI INTERFACE: Connect CoCo to MIDI world. Contains 1
MIDI input & 4 MIDI outputs to hookup to 4 MIDI devices. Multipak or Y Cable
NOT REQUIRED! Only $99

Musica II: Best Music Composition program for the CoCo 1,2 & 3. Disk
Only $29.95

Lyra: MIDI Based Music Composition program for CoCo 1,2 & 3. Only
$49.95

The Lyra Companion (Book): $9.95
Studio Works: Superb Digital Audio Sampler. $39.95 w/ Cable: $54.95

Label Designer

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tion; serial numbering option; easy to use graphics user interface. Only
,$29.95

ATJ05 <

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Driver for Disto RTC: $5 28-pin Adapter: $10

Smart watch RTC: $34.95 Drivers: $10

ADOS 3: $39.95

ADOS: $27.95

From Colorware...

Max 1 0: $39.95 Spelling Checker for Max 1 0: $29.95

Max 10 Fonts (36 fonts): $29.95

CoCo Max III: $49.95

CoCo Max III Fonts (95 fonts): $49.95

Max Edit (Font Editor): $19.95

NX1000 Rainbow Driver / CGP 220 Driver: $19.95

CoCo Max II: $69.95 CoCo Max I (Tape): $59.95

MAXPATCH (Run Max 2 on CoCo 3): $19.95

Terminal & BBS Software

AutOterm: Modem Software for CoCo 1,2,3: $39.95
VTERM: Terminal Software for CoCo 3 with VT Emulations,
Xmodem, Ymodem, RAMDISK like Buffer, Conference mode, 35/40/80
track drive support. Only $39.95

CEBBS V2.1

The absolute best BBS for CoCo 3. Features XMODEM, YMODEM,
Up/Downloading, menus, login, message base, clock/calendar, execu-
tion of external programs, X-ON/OFF, ANSI & full Sysop Control &
remote system access. Only $49.95. Requires RS232 Pack.

THE WORLD OF OS9

Window Writer OS9 OS9 RAMDISK

Powerful OS9 word processor with
multi-tasking, pull down menus &
more. Only $59.

Dynaspell: 102,000 word spelling
checker! Only $19.95

Start OS9

Excellent hands-on guide to OS9
Level II for beginners. Req. 512K, 2
drives & Monitor. Book/Disk $32.99

Goldberg Utilities

Vol 1: 15 Power-packed utilities
such as sort, lost-file location, disk
pack & more. $24.95
Vol 2: New utilities for OS9 such as
file compare.protection, enhanced
delete/ move/ dir/ sort/ dump, strip
and much more. Only $24.95

Multi-Edit

Create, edit Application Information
files & icons from multivue. Only
$24.95

In-memory disk drive! A must for
every OS9 user. Req 51 2K. Disk Only
$29.95

From Burke & Burke

RSB V1.3: The revolutionary
program that allows you to use Basic
from under OS9 Level II. $39.95

Wild & MV Version 2.1: Use

wildcards w/ OS9 & rearrange direc-
tory tree. Only $19.95
EZGen Version 1.6: Powerful
OS9 Bootfile editor. Change names,
add/delete modules, patch bytes,
etc. Only $19.95
File System Repack: Unfrag-
ments your files. Only $29.95

From Alpha Software

OS9 Level II BBS: Best BBS for
OS9. Comes with terminal program.
Req. 512K & RS232 Pack. Only
$29.95

Level II Tools: 25 Utilities such as
windowing, wildcards, tree, etc.
$29.95

Disk Manager Tree: change,
copy, view, create directories with
ease. Req. 512K. $29.95
Warp One: Level II Windowing
Terminal. Req. 512K & RS232 Pack.
$34.95

Zapper: Patch disk errors. $19.95
Multi-menu: Create own pop-down
windows. Req. 512K & Multivue.
$19.95

Presto Partner: Notepad, cal-
culator, calendar, phonebook, clock
at your fingertips. Req. 512K,
$29.95

under Level 1/2. Req SDISK/SDISK
3. Only $44.95

SDISK3: Standard drive replace-
ment module allows use of 40/80
DS/DD drives. Requires OS9 Level II.
$29.95
SDISK: $29.95

From R3 Systems

Screen Control Utility: Gain

control of text screen. Only $1 9.95
Menuing Utility: Memory resi-
dent menuing system. Only
$19.95

Point-and-Shoot File Selec-
tion: $19.95

Transfer Utilities From Frank Hogg.

GSC File Transfer: Transfer
files from MSDOS.OS9, RSDOS, and
FLEX. Req. 0S9 (Level II for Multivue
Ver), 2 drives, SDISK/SDISK3. Stan-
dard Version: $44.95; Multi-
vue Version: $54.95
PC-Xfer Utilities: Formatf trans-
fer files to/from MSDOS to CoCo

Dynastar: Popular OS9 word
processor. Only $99.95

Dynastar + Dynaspell: $119
Wiz: Terminal Prog. $59.95

Sugar Software

OS9 Calligrapher: $24.95
Font Massager: $19.95

■

'■

For the first time, a community
has banded together to design
their next computer -- —
a revolutionary ,

computer, designed '

by you. The MM/1 .

Power.

The Color Computer™ era began ten
years ago with an affordable, upgradeable
computer with great sound and graphics.
The MM/1™ continues that tradition with
powerful graphics, crystal clear sound,
fantastic multi-tasking, and easy to use
windows.

Excite your eyes with high resolution
graphics that surpass the famed Commo-
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musical keyboard or the built-in IBM PC
style music hardware. Or buy the Extended
System to play back digitally sampled
horns, drums -- even your own voice! And
the MM/1 will never be out of date, because
its optional 32-bit bus has both the power
you need for the future and the compatibility
with PC hardware you need for today. In
business and pleasure, the MM/1 is ready
for you.

Software. $

Interactive Media Systems, Inc. is
working around the clock to bring you the
best of the MS-DOS™and UNIX™ software
catalogs. New titles are being added each
month. Ask for our catalog or for a
subscription to The Insider newsletter to

find out about the amazing software support
for the MM/1 -- support from the Color
Computer, ST, Amiga, UNIX, and DOS
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For no extra charge, the MM/1 includes
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disks, tape backup support, print spooling,
a graphics editor, and more.

Specs.

The MM/1 is packed with features that
make it ideal for business and home use.
For $779, you get

• slimline professional PC case with room for
2 - 5.25" drives and 3 - 3.5" drives; includes
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• one Megabyte of memory

• graphics resolution up to 720 x 540

• up to 256 colors from its built-in palette of
16.7 million colors

• PC style sound for exciting games and
friendly business applications

• true multitasking operating system

• windows, applications, and utilities worth
over $300!

• 2 serial ports for printers, mice, terminals ...

• MIDI capable for the music hobbyist and
professional

Systems

MM/1 Personal (above features all standard) $779

MM/1 Pro (add 101-key professional keyboard) $859

MM/1 Pro Station (add keyboard and RGB monitor) $1149

MM/1 Extended (Personal Plus Second Board) $1 125

Extras

MM/1 T-Shirt ("The Revolution Starts With Me") $8.95

MM/1 Video (interviews.demos) $9.95

The Insider newsletter $9.95

Financing is available with monthly payments less than $351 Call for details.

• built-in networking interface for low-cost
connection at 100 KBaud to over 120 other
MM/1s! Perfect for school and business

• PC keyboard port for professional XT style
keyboard

• Uses CM-8™and dozens of other monitor
brands

• 15 MHz CPU --runs circles around the
Amiga!

• built-in graphics coprocessor for fast logic
and pixel acceleration

• expandable with optional high speed bus

• high density 1 .4 Megabyte floppy disk drive

• OS-9/68000 in EPROM for ease of use -- or
you can boot off floppy or hard drive

• Direct Memory Access (DMA) for smooth
access to floppies and hard drive while
multitasking

The optional second board (the I/O
Board) includes DMA SCSI host adapter, up
to three more serial ports, two bidirectional
parallel ports, powered serial mouse port,
CoCo 8-bit analog joystick port, Realtime
battery-backed clock, dual channel DMA-
able 8-bit sound ports for play and record,
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P Interactive

Media Systems

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Copyrxjht ClnWKtvt Medka SfMems. tc. 1990

05-9*8000 ti a nOenuut of Uooaort Spttmt Corporator! UU/1 ii i Irademar* oi
Weraarve Mod* Salens, mc Color Computer ana CMfl an trademarks of Tandy
Corporation. US- DOS n a raOemar* of Uoonfl CorporaMn UNIX o a trademark of AUT.
Am»ga is a trademark ol Commodore Busnew Uacfwies

DISTO
KODVCTS

All Disto Products now carry a 1-Year Warranty. All
Dislo Add-Ons (& Super Controller II) include OS9

Driver Disks, unless otherwise specified.

Disto Mini Controller (wiih RSDOS or CDOS) : $74.95

Disto Super Controller (with RSDOS or CDOS): $99.95

Disto Super Controller II (with RSDOS or CDOS): $129.95

• Mini Eprom Programmer Add On: $54.95

• Hard Disk Adapter: $39.95 w/ RS232: $69.95

• RT Clock & Printer Interface: $34.95 (OS9 Driven S19.9S)

• 3-in-l Multiboard Adapter Parallel Port, RT Clock &

RS232 Port. $74.95
• MEB Adapter II: $34.95

• 4-in-l Board: Parallel Port, RT Clock, RS232 & Hard

Disk Interface: $129.95
RS232 Super Pack: True RS232 Port for your CoCo! Compatible
with Tandy® RS232 Pack. Includes DB25 Cable. 100% Compatible with
OS9 AC1A Software. Req. Mullipak. Only $54.95

•SV

•4k.

iSystems w/ Seagate Hard Drive, Controller, Cables, CoCo XT
I Interface, Cables, Case (with fan, Power Supply and room for
[second drive), Software & Instruction Manuals. As-
Isembled/Tested/Formalted. Just Plug'N'Run. Req. Mullipak.

Seagate 20 Meg System: $459!
Seagate 40 Meg System: $549!

CoCo XT: Use 2 5-120 Meg Drives with your CoCo. Only $69.95

w/ Real Time Clock: $99.95
[CoCo XT ROM: Boots OS9 from hard/floppy. Only $19.95

HYPERIO: Allows Hard Drive use with RSDOS. Only $29.95.

HYPERIO Disto Version. Only $29.95
| HYPERIII: R AMDisk & Spooler to CoCo 3 HYPER I/O. $12.95

HYPERIO Utilities (by Kevin Bcrncr)

I Hard Drive Utilities: MSA Backup, Copy/Kill/Rename, Hard
I Disk Backup to Floppies (vica versa) & more. Only $21.95
I Disk Doctor: Checks/locks out bad sectors, only $17.95
I Hard Drive Zap: View tracks, sectors, modify data on your hard
[disk. Only $21.95

There arc a lot of dealers selling disk drives for the CoCo. Why buy from us? First,
all our drives are BRAND NEW DOUBLE SIDED Drives. They are sleek, fast
(6ms!), quiet and have a reputation of superb performance and reliability. Second,
our Drive & 2 Drive Systems come with the acclaimed DISTO Controller - with gold
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Drive (with Disto Controller. Case. Power Supply, 1 Drive Cable. Manual. Software): $199
Drive 1 (with Case. Power Supply & Software): $129 Bare 5 1/4" Drive: $89

2 Drive System (With Disto Controller. Case. Power Supply. 2 Drive Cable, Manual & Software):

$299 Full-Height Case/Power Supply: $59.95 Power Splitter: $9.95

I Drive Cable: $16.95 2 Drive Cable: $22.95 4 Drive Cable: $34.95

FD501 Upgrade Kit: Bare Drive, 2 Drive Cable & Instructions: $109
FD502 Upgrade Kit: Bare Drive, 2 Drive Cable, Power Cable & Instructions: $119
Toshiba 3 1/2" 720K Drive w/ Power Supply & Case: $149 3 1/2" Bare Drive: $99

MAGNAVOX 1CM135 RGB
Monitor

Razor Sharp picture quality for
your CoCo! Has 14" Screen.!

Analog/TIT RGB, Composite & jl

Super VMS Inputs for CoCo 2/3,
Stereo Sound.Tcxt Display Switch,
Till /Swivel Stand & 2 Year Warranty. Com-
patible with CoCo. IBM, a VCR & more!
Only $298 (add S12 S&H/S40 in Canada)

Magnavox RGB Cable for CoCo 3
and Composite Video / Audio Cable
Set with Purchase of Monitor: $19.95

jispiay pictures irom your
plctc with CSEE Software. Only $149.95. CoCo 2 Version: $99.95
Advanced Gravis Joystick: Features tension, rotary-centering, free floating with

3 buttons. Only $59.95

Deluxe 2-Button Joystick: Only $16.85

Multipak Locking Plate

(Specify CoCo 2/3 and 26-3024/3124): $8
5 1/4" DS/DD Disks: $.40 each
5 1/4" Colored DS/DD Disks: $.89 each
3 1/2" DS/DD Disks: $1.29 each
5 1/4" Disk Case (for 70 disks): $9.95
3 1/2" Disk Case (for 40 disks): $7.50
Black Ribbon: $8.50
NX1000 Color Ribbon: $12.95

Microcom Serial to Parallel
Interface

• Runyourprintcralhighspccd(300-9600)

• Designed by Marty Goodman soyou know
its quality.

• Unlike otherconvSMcrs. this uses CRYS-
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highcrhaud ralesand different temperatures.

Only $44.95

w / Serial Modem Switch: $54.95

JUF,

512KCoCo3

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512K Installat. Voids Warranty

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To Order: Refer to Page 19 of our 6-page series (Pgs 7-19)

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(9AM-8PM 7 Days/Week)

between 4-8 pm), Order Stalus. Info: 716-383* • 16-383-002$

CoCo Galler

st Place

Farmnite
John Murvine

SHOWCASE YOUR BEST!

You are invited to nominate original
work for inclusion in upcoming show-
ings ot "CoCo Gallery." Share your
creations with the CoCo Community!
Be sure to send a cover letter with your
name, address and phone number,
detailing how you created your picture
(what programs you used, etc.) and
how to display it. Also please include
tew facts about yourself.

Don't send us anything owned
someone else, this means no game
screens, digitized images from tv pro-
grams or material that's already been
submitted elsewhere. A digitized copy
of a picture that appears in a book or
magazine is not an original work.

We will award one first prize of S25.
one second prize of $15 and one thin
prize of $10.

Please send your entry on either la;
or disk to the CoCo Gallery, the hai
bow. P.O. Box 385. Prospect, ky 400a
Remember, this is a contest and
entry will not be returned.

^nd Place

Red Sun
Dorothea Clement

■ ■

John, of Ebensburg, Pennsylvania, used CoCo Max ///to create
this picture. To see more of John's work, reference your back
issues of "CoCo Gallery."

3rd Place

The Farm
Kathy Rumpel

Dorothea, of Amityville, New York, is a senior in a three
generation CoCo family. This graphics image was devel-
oped with CoCo Max ill

Kathy, of Arcadia, Wisconsin, has lived on a
dairy farm all her life. She designed this CoCo
Max ///picture to show what atypical summer day
on the farm looks like.

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

Fully assembled and TESTED. Our design allows a firm
contact and mounting chips on top to prevent any heat-
ing problems. Fast 120ns chips. No soldering; Easy
picture instructions for 2 minute installation! Com^
with following software (value $100):

• 512K Ramtest • 512K Backup Lightning

• 512K Print Spooler • 512K Ramdisk

• OS9 Level II Ramdisk

The absolute best 51 2K Upgrade Available! Only $9J
OK Board (with 51 2K Ramtest/Ramdisk/Spooler): $39.95

64K Upgrade (8 chip) for CoCo I, CoCo ll's with Cat #

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64K Upgrade (2 chip) for 26-3134 A/B CoCo II: $39.95

iMEG

» Upgrade your CoCo 3 to 1 MEG!

i Kit includes 51 2K Memory and necessary Hardware

> Includes OS9 Drivers by Kevin Darling

• Requires 51 2K CoCo 3 and soldering experience.

Zero K Kit: $119

1 MEG Kit: $159

BIG BASIC (from Danosofl)

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Super Big Basic (for Disto 1 MEG Upgrade): $49.95

COMMUNICATIONS
; EXTRAVAGANZA 2400 ^

(1) ZOOM 2400 Modem: Fully Hayes Compatible
300/1200 /2400 w speaker, Auto Dial/Answer & Seven
Year Warranty!

(2) MODEM CABLE (4pin to DB25; Reg $19.95)

(3) Autoterm Software (Reg $39.95)

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Zoom 2400 Modem: $129
Avatex 1200e Modem Only : $85
Communications Extravaganza 1200: Includes
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pffer, software & 2nd Day Air Shipping. Only $1 09.95,

INTRONICS EPROM PROGRAMMER: Programs 2516,
27xx/xxx series and more! Includes software & complete
documentation. Latest version. CoCo 1,2,3. Only $137.95
DATARASE Eprom Eraser: For 24/28 pin Eproms. Erases
up to 4 EPROMs at a time. Only $49.95
Both Eprom Programmer & Eraser: $179.95

2764 Eprom: $8 27128 Eprom: $9

ROMPAK (w/ Blank PC Board, 27xx Series): $12.95
BLANK CARTRIDGE (Disk Controller Size): $10.95
Eprom Burning Service: $15 (Eprom Extra)

-KEYBOARDS-

6 Feet Keyboard Extension Cable. Have up To 2
keyboards hooked up to your CoCo. Only $39.95

CoCo 3 Keyboard: $39.95 w/ Extension Cable: $69.95

CoCo 2 Keyboard: $19.95 w/ Extension Cable: $49.95

(CoCo 3 Keyboard includes free Function Keys Software)

Magnavox 8505/851 5/8CM643 RGB Cable: $24.95

Magnavox 1CM135 RGB Cable: $24.95

Serial-to-Parailel Interface: Use your parallel printer

at high speed (300-9600 baud) with CoCo. Comes with

all cables. Only $44.95

15" Shielded Multipak Extension Cable: $36.95

Y Cable: Use your disk system with Speech/RS232

Pack, DS69 Digitizer, etc. Only $27.95

RGB Analog Extender Cable: $19.95

SONY Monitor Cable: $29.95

MODEM Cable: 4 pin to DB25. Only $19.95

2 Pos. Switcher: Hook 2 devices to serial port. $29.95

HI-RES Joystick Interface: $11.99

-CHIPS, ETC.«^

Genuine RS Disk ROM 2.1 (Needed for CoCo 3):
$29.95

68B09E Chip: $14.95 68B21 Chip: $5.95
GIME Chip for CoCo 3: $39.95
Genuine RS Multipak PAL Chip w/ complete instruc-
tions (Specify 26-3024/3124): $19.95
PAL Switcher: Allows you to switch between CoCo 2 &
3 modes when using the Multipak You need the OLDER
& NEW PAL Chip for the 26-3024 Multipak. Only $39.95.
With NEW PAL Chip Only $49.95

jur

*MHUC*W

■i i •'«[$"'

MICFfbCOM SOFTWARE 2900 Monroe Ave, Rochester NY 14618
TO ORDER: All orders $75 & above (except Printers, Monitors, Drives, Computers) shipped by UPS 2nd Day Air at no extra charge in Con-
tinental US. We accept Visa, MC, Discover & Amex (3% surcharge for Amex), check, MO & School PO's. COD Orders (for orders less than $100)
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Credit Card Toll Free Orderline 1 -800-654-5244 (9AM-8PM 7 Days/Week)
Tech Info (between 4-8 pm), Order Status, Info: 716-383-8830. To Fax your order: 716-383-0026

Continued from Page 14

50 FOR X-0 TO 63

60 V-VAL("&H"+MIDS(A$.X*2+1.2))

70 POKE P . V : S-S+V : P-P+l : NEXT

80 IF CSOS THEN PRINT "DATA ERR

OR IN LINE":L:END

90 L-L+10: IF P<4320 THEN 30

100 SAVEM"SPECTRA3". 4000. 4320. 40

00:PRINT"SPECTRA3/BIN SAVED": END

110 DATA "1A50CC302FFDFFA48D6BCC

3C3DFDFFA4391A50CC302BFDFFA48D5A

CC312CFDFFA48D52CC322DFDFFA48D4A

CC332EFDFFA48D42CC292AFDFFA48D3A

20CD1A50CC". 8946

120 DATA "2B30FDFFA48D2ECC2C31FD

FFA48D26CC2D32FDFFA48D1ECC2E33FD

FFA48D16CC2A29FDFFA48D0E20A11A50

CC2F30FDFFA48D1320958E8000108EA0

00EC81EDA1". 8452

130 DATA "8CA00026F7398E8000108E

A000EC81EDA18C99A02-6F7391A50CC30

29FDFFA48DE516FF661A50CC2930FDFF

A48DD816FF59BD0FDDBD10448601976F

8EFFB0A680". 8364

140 DATA "AD9FA0028CFFC026F58E80

008D41A6808D4FAD9FA0028CF80025F1

0F6F398EFFB0C6108601976FBDA176A7

805A26F88E80008D2D0D702609BDA176

8D12A78020". 7602

150 DATA "F10F6F0F70BD1037BD1009

BD0FB13934061A50CC3031FDFFA4CC32

33FDFFA635863406CC3C3DFDFFA4CC3E

3FFDFFA63586FF00000000FFFFFFFF00

000000FFFF". 7739

160 REM * END OF LISTING

f\/fs0

50 54

120 192

150 72

220 104

300 224

1020 125

1090 187

1220 4

2010 76

2620 121

3020 244

3270 51

3440 22

3480 254

3510 211

3810 55

4620 29

5010 249

5080 219

5130 51

5200 215

5270 90

5410 103

5470 226

5530 131

5600 30

5680 103

5750 39

6000 63

6110 249

6210 77

6300 135

6390 106

6470 52

6550 145

6640 245

6730 146

6810 115

7040 225

7120 236

7220 253

7300 9

7370 27

7430 53

7480 56

7530 217

7590 182

7660 203

7730 171

7810 243

END 56

Listing 2: SPECTRA

10 REM * INITIALIZATION

20 PCLEARl:CLEAR700:SM-4000:RM-4

105:SUM-4151:RUM-4164:SS-4017:RS

-4061 : RGB: L0ADM"SPECTRA3" : EXECSU

M:EXECSS:HSCREEN2:HSCREEN0

30 WI DTH40 : PRINT" I NITALI ZING..."

: F-2 : B-4 : POKE230 . 2 : P0KE282 . : POK

E59078.18:POKE59079,18:POKE65497

,0:HCLSB:HCOLOR8

40 PALETTE9.17:PALETTE10.7:PALET

TE11.49:PALETTE12.34:PALETTE13.5

0:PALETTE14.32:PALETTE15.15

50 HBUFF1.15:HBUFF2.15:HBUFF3,39

20 : HBUFF4 . 3920 : HDRAWBM0 . 0R3G3U3

F4":HGET(0.0)-(4.4).1:HCLSB:HCOL

ORF:EXECSUM

60 DIMDP(63).B$(90).O$(90):FORJ-

0TO63:N-J-31:DP(J)-INT(.5+(ABS(N

)*N/50)):NEXT:M-1:CP-1:P$-CHR$(9

4):GOSUB6010

100 REM * THE MAIN MENU

110 HDRAWBM0.0R319D16L319NU16DR

319BD12L319DR319BD10L80NU10L159N

U10L80":FORJ-0TO304STEP16:HLINE(

J.0)-(J.16).PSET:NEXT

120 HDRAWBM12.2G9D2GE2DRE8L2UR3

HLBM21.5D9R6U3L3U3R3D2U5L6E3DRFB

M35.3R10D10L10U10BM70.4R3F3D3G3L

3H3U3E3BM87.2D5EF3U2RFD5HU4G5H5E

4BM100.5BM99.5D6R2U6L2BR4D6R2U6L

2BR4ND6R2D3L2BM115.3F10BM131.13U

6NR6E4R6NG4D6G4NL6U6

130 HDRAWBM153.8M156.3BM153.8F5

H5M151.14BM153.8M146.11BM165.5L2

D6R2U2BU4BR4L2D3R2L2D3R2BR3U6LR2

BM179.8R2U3L2D6BR4BU6D6R2U6BR2R2

LD6BM198.2G3D2F3R5F3DH3LF3BL2BU5

E2U2H3NL3DL4G2D2F2R4E2U2H2BM212.

10NR3D2NR2D2BR8L2HU2ER2BM209.6R1

140 HDRAWBM238. 12L10D2R10UL12U4

R7U3LU4R2D4":HCIRCLE(248.8).6...

6:HDRAW"BM259.11U6R2D3LDFDBR2U6R

2D3LRD3BR3U3LU3BR2D3BM276.5U2R7D

2HL5R2D8GR3HU7BM292.3R6ND9FD3GNL

3FD3GL4NU9L2EU8BM309.3ND9R5FNL5D

8GNU8L5HNR6U8

150 HLINE(51.3)-(61.13).PSET.BF:

HLINE(208.1)-(224.8).PSET.BF:HPR

INT(0. 4). "Files/Exit Background

":HPRINT(30. 4). "Clear/Mode"

160 FORJ-0TO15:HCOLORJ:HLINE(J*1

6.18)-(J*16+16.28).PSET.BF:NEXT:

FORP-2TO4:GOSU85690:HLINE(P*16+2

24.18)-(P*16+240.28).PSET.BF:NEX

T:P-22:GOSUB5690:HLINE(304.18)-(

319.28).PSET.BF:GOSUB5700:HCOLOR

F.B:EXECSM:HSCREEN2:POKE59078,14

1:POKE59079.16

170 P0KE41598.255:P0KE41599.255:

POKE113.0:ONERR GOTO5680

199 REM * MAIN LOOP

200 FORJ-1TO200:NEXT:IFS-6THEN21
0ELSEGOSUB5620

210 IFX-0ANDY-0ANDM-1THENEXECRUM

:M-0:GOTO200

220 IFX-319ANDY-0ANDM-0THENEXECS

UM:EXECRM:GOSUB330:M-1:IFS-6THEN

300ELSE200

230 IFM-0THEN300ELSEIFY>30ANDY<4

1ANDX<80THENGOSUB5000

240 IFY>30ANDY<41ANDX>80ANDX<239

THENGOSUB5700:HCOLOR3:HLINE(80.3

0)-( 239.40). PSET.B: I FF<15THENG0S

UB5300ELSEGOSUB5690:GOSUB5300

250 IFY>30ANDY<41ANDX>239THENGOS

UB5400

260 IFY>40THEN300

270 IFY<16THENS-INT(X/16)+1:EXEC

RM:PLAY"03T8C"

280 IFF<16THENGOSUB320ELSEGOSUB3

290 IFS-7ORS-14THEN300ELSEIFS-6T

HENEXECSS:ELSE200

300 XX-X:YY-Y:ONS GOSUB1000. 1200

.1400.1600.1800.2000.2200,2400.2

600 . 2800 . 3000 . 3200 . 3400 . 3600 . 380

. 4000 . 4200 . 4400 . 4600 . 4800

310 IFM-0THENEXECSUM:GOTO200ELSE

IFS-10ORS-14THEN210ELSE200

320 IFS-0THENRETURNELSEHCOLOR3:H

LINE((S-1)*16.0)-(S*16.16).PSET.

B:IFF<16THENHC0L0RF:RETURNELSERE

TURN

330 IFF>15THENGOSUB5700:GOSUB320

:GOSUB5690:RETURNELSEGOSUB320:RE

TURN

999 REM * SUBROUTINES

1000 GOSUB5780:R-0:P-F:REM * PEN
1010 A$-INKEY$:IFA$-CHR$(13)THEN
RETURNELSEIFBUTTON(0)THEN1010
1020 IFPEEK(343)-254THENY-Y-1:IF
Y<41ANDM-1THENY-41ELSEIFY— 1THEN
Y-0ELSEX-X+1:IFX-320THENX-319:Y-
Y+l

1030 IFPEEK(342)-254THENX-X+1:IF

X-320THENX-319

1040 IFPEEK(341)-254THENX-X+1:IF

X-320THENX-319ELSEY-Y+1 : I FY-192T

HENY-191 :X-X-1

1050 IFPEEK(338)-247THENY-Y+1:IF

Y-192THENY-191

1060 IFPEEK(340)-247THENY-Y+1:IF

Y-192THENY-191ELSEX-X-1:IFX— 1TH

ENX-0:Y-Y-1

1070 IFPEEK(339)-254THENX-X-1:IF

X— 1THENX-0

1080 IFPEEK(339)-251THENY-Y-1:IF

Y<41ANDM-1THENY-41ELSEIFY--1THEN

Y-0E LSEX-X -1:1 FX— 1THENX-0 : Y-Y+l

1090 IFPEEK(345)-251THENY-Y-1:IF
Y<41ANDM-1THENY-41ELSEIFY— 1THEN
Y-0

1100 IFPEEK(340)-239THENR-R+1:IF

R>10THENR-10

1110 IFPEEK(339)-239THENR-R-1:IF

R— 1THENR-0

1120 IFPEEK(341)-239THENIFP-F TH

ENP-B ELSEP-F

1130 IFRO0THENHCIRCLE(X.Y).R.P:

GOTO1150

1140 HSET(X.Y.P)

1150 IFP-B THENHSET(X.Y.F):FORJ-

1TO100:NEXT:HSET(X.Y.B):GOTO1010

ELSEGOTO1010

1200 GOSUB5780:REM * SPRAY

1210 HLINE(XX.YY)-(X.Y).PSET.B:G

OSUB5790: IFFB-1THEN1210

1220 J-XX+RND(X-XX):K-YY+RND(Y-Y

Y):HSET(J.K):IFBUTTON(0)-0THEN12

20ELSERETURN

1400 GOSUB5780:REM * BOX

THE RAINBOW October 1990

1410 GOSUB5790:HLINE(XX.YY)-(X.Y

).PSET.B:IFFB-1THEN1410ELSERETUR

1600 GOSUB5780:REM * BOX FILL

1610 GOSUB5790:HLINE(XX,YY)-(X.Y

).PSET.BF:IFFB-1THEN1610ELSERETU

1800 GOSUB5780:REM * CIRCLE

1810 GOSUB5790:HCIRCLE(XX.YY).(X

+Y)/4: IFFB-1THEN1810ELSERETURN

2000 REM * PAINT

2010 GOSUB5620:IF(Y<41ANDM-1)OR(

X-319ANDY-0ANOM-0)THENRETURNELSE

EXECSS:HPAINT(X,Y)..B:IFM-0THENE

XECSUM

2020 GOTO2010

2200 EXECRS:EXECRM:S-0:RETURN:RE

M * OOP

2400 GOSUB5780:REM * LINE

2410 GOSUB5790:HLINE(XX.YY)-(X.Y

) . PSET: I FFB-1THEN2410ELSERETURN

2600 GOSUB5780:REM * CUBE

2610 GOSUB5790: IFX<XX THEN2620EL

SEC$-STR$(ABS(XX-X)):E$-STR$(INT

(ABS(XX-X)/((INT(Y/10)+2)/5))):H

DRAW"BH"+STR$ ( XX )+" . "+STR$( YY )+"

R"+C$+"D"+C$+"L"+C$+"U"+C$+"E"+E

$+"R"+C$+"NG"+E$+"D"+C$+"G"+E$ : I

FFB-1THEN2610ELSERETURN

2620 GOSUB5790: IFX>XX THEN2610EL

SEC$-STR$(ABS(XX-X)):E$-STR$(INT

(ABS(XX-X)/((INT(Y/10)+2)/5))):H

DRAW' , BM"+STR$(XX)+"."+STR$(YY)+"

L"+C$+"D"+C$+"R"+C$+"U"+C$+"H"+E

$+"L"+C$+"NF"+E$+"D"+C$+"F"+E$:I

FFB-1THEN2620ELSERETURN

2800 GOSUB5780:REM * POINT RAY

2810 GOSUB5790:HLINE(XX.YY)-(X.Y

).PSET:IFFB-1THEN2810ELSEP9-XX:R

9-YY:GOSUB5620:IF(Y<40ANDM-l)OR(

X-319ANDY-0ANDM-0)THENRETURNELSE

XX-P9:YY-R9:EXECSS:GOTO2810

3000 GOSUB5780:XX-X:YY-Y:REM * G

3010 X-JOYSTK(0)-1:Y-JOYSTK(1)-1

:IFXX+X>318THENX-318-XX ELSEIFYY

+YM91THENY-191-YY ELSEIFINT(X/2

JOX/2THENX-X+1

3020 HLINE(XX,YY)-(XX+X.YY+Y).PR

ESET. B : HLINE-( XX, YY). PSET. B: EXEC

RS:IFBUTTON(0)THEN3010ELSEHGET(X

X . YY ) - ( XX+X . YY+Y ) . 3 : F0RJ-1T08 : HP

UT(XX.YY)-(XX+X.YY+Y).3.N0T:NEXT

: PX-X : PY-Y : X-XX : Y-YY : RETURN

3200 GOSUB5780:REM * PUT

3210 GOSUB5650:IFY<1THENRETURNEL

SEIFX+PX>318THENX-318-PX

3220 IFY+PYM91THENY-191-PY ELSE

IFINT(X/2)OX/2THENX-X+l

3230 HGET(X.Y)-(X+PX.Y+PY).4:0NC

P GOSUB3250. 3260. 3270. 3280. 3290:

IFFB<>1THENHPUT(X.Y)-(X+PX.Y+PY)

.4. PSET

3240 GOTO3210

3250 HPUT(X.Y)-(X+PX.Y+PY).3.PSE

T:RETURN

3260 HPUT(X.Y)-(X+PX.Y+PY).3.PRE

SET:RETURN

3270 HPUT(X.Y)-(X+PX.Y+PY).3.AND

: RETURN

3280 HPUT(X.Y)-(X+PX.Y+PY).3.0R:

RETURN

3290 HPUT(X.Y)-(X+PX.Y+PY).3.N0T

: RETURN

3400 IFFH5THENRETURNELSEGOSUB57

80:IFB-3THENHCOLOR4.8ELSEHCOLOR3

.8:REM * ENLARGE

3410 GOSUB5650:IFX>298THENX-298

3420 IFX/2<>INT(X/2)THENX-X+1:IF

Y>170THENY-170ELSEIFY>170THENY-1

3430 HLINE(X.Y)-(X+21.Y+21).PRES

ET.B:HLINE-(X.Y).PSET.B:EXECRS:I

FBUTTON(0)-0THENHGET(X.Y)-(X+21.

Y+21).3:ELSE3410

3440 XM-X:YM-Y:HSCREEN2:HLINE(5.

5)-(187.187).PSET.B:HLINE(4.4)-(

188.188).PSET.B:HLINE(204.171)-(

258. 188). PSET. B:HLINE( 260. 171 )-(

314.188).PSET.B:HLINE(205.25)-(2

28.48). PSET.B:HLINE( 205.81) -(228

.104). PSET. B

3450 HC0LOR5:HPRINT(27.1)."ENLAR

GE":HPRINT(30.4)."Cut":HPRINT(30

.ll)."Paste":HPRINT(30.18)."Colo

r":HPRINT(27.22)."Done Undo"

3460 FORJ-0TO15:HCOLORJ:HLINE(29

9.J*10)-(319.J*10+10).PSET.BF:NE

3470 HPUT(206.26)-(227.47).3.PSE

T:HPUT(206.82)-(227.103).3.PSET:

HCOLORF:HLINE(205.137)-(229.158)

.PSET.BF:FORJ-26T047:YY-(J-26)*8

+9:FORK-206TO227:XX-(K-206)*8+9:

MC-HPOINT(K.J):HCOLORMC:HLINE(XX

,YY)-(XX+6.YY+6).PSET.BF:NEXTK.J

:HCOLORF:MC-F

3480 GOSUB5620:IFX>298ANDY<160TH

Nine-Tiines

The first magazine devoted exclusively to OS-9!

Every other month you will receive a disk jam-packed
with programs and articles all for OS-9.

Each Issue contains: 9 helpful and useful programs lo help build your OS-9
library • Instructions, examples, and samples of Hastc09 procedures and
subroutines to help with your own programs and your understanding of Baslc09
* C programs and programming examples • Program reviews. Hints. Help
columns, and Informative articles lo advance your knowledge of OS-9 • Supplied
totally of 5.25" disk ■ IJound manual sent to each new subscriber for help In
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Itiick Issues: Avflahlt for the May leas through July lOSOImucs. Hcmc

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Matia/jne Source: Due to many Inquiries, the source code for the
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the actual Uasic09 source code and compiled modules on dtsk, as well as
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Source, $24.95

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To ortler. please amid U.S.
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IWT Enternrises (Technical Assistance

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Cop.fr l«W* t)CI 1MI OC-* || > lr..«.r« nt Mlcrowara l,u-i C«>». antf Motorola. (M

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small

Business

C o 1 1 e c t e r s ., h o m e
Any items!

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APPROX. SOOO items per Disk
4_ Prlyes X _3-000 ^_ 2 0,000 Heim

>>> S40.00 + S3.00 S/H <<<

Req u i r e m e n t s ■ CO tt)3 I disk

fori jr ip or _m o nit or

ROSS GRIGGS '
SSI© PCRRV

32 VEfiRS
EXPERIENCE

B R i... P> i E R T O N „ HP ft S HINGTON 9 8 3 1

October 1990 THE RAINBOW

ENMC-INT(Y/10) : HCOLORMC : HL I NE ( 20

5.137)-(229.158).PSET.BF:G0T0348

3490 IFY<185ANDX<185ANDY>8ANDX>8

THENX-INT((X-9)/8):Y-INT((Y-9)/8

):XX-X*8+9:YY-Y*8+9:IFHP0INT(XX.

YY)-B THEN3510ELSEHCOLORB:GOTO35

3500 IFX>259ANDX<315ANDY<189ANDY

>170THENHGET( 206. 26) -( 227.47 ).3:

HPUT(206.82)-(227.103).3.PSET:GO

TO3470ELSEIFX>203ANDX<259ANOY<18

9ANDY>170THENHGET( 206.82) -(227.1

03).3:EXECRS:HPUT(XM.YM)-(XM+21.

YM+21).3.PSET:HC0L0RF,B:RETURNEL

SE3480

3510 HLINE(XX.YY)-(XX+6.YY+6).PS

ET . BF : HSET( X+206 . Y+82 ) : X-XX+1 : Y-

YY+1 : HCOLORMC : GOTO3480

3600 REM * FOREGROUND COLOR

3610 GOSUB5620:GOSUB5700:IFY>32O

RY<16THENEXECRM:RETURNELSEF-INT(

X/16):PLAY"03T8C":IFF<16THENEXEC

RM:HCOLORF:HLINE(209.1)-(223.8).

PSET.BF:EXECSM:RETURN

3620 IFF-16THENP-2:GOSUB5690ELSE

IFF-17THENP-3:GOSUB5690

3630 IFF-18THENP-4:GOSUB5690ELSE

IFF-19THENP-22:GOSUB5690

3640 EXECRM:HLINE(209.1)-(223.8)

,PSET.BF:EXECSM:RETURN

3800 GOSUB5780:REM * ROLLER BRUS

3810 GOSUB5650:HLINE(X.Y)-(X+5.Y

+5). PRESET. BF:HLINE(X.Y)-(X+5.Y+

5).PSET.BF:IFFB-1THEN3810ELSERET

URN

4000 GOSUB5780:REM * ELLIPSE

4010 GOSUB5790:HCIRCLE(XX.YY).(X

*4+Y)/5.,13.9-SQR(Y):IFFB-lTHEN4

010ELSERETURN

4200 GOSUB5780:REM * RAY

4210 GOSUB5650:HLINE(XX.YY)-(X.Y

) . PSET: IFFB-1THEN4210ELSERETURN

4400 GOSUB5780:REM * HPRINT TEXT

4410 I-INT(XX/8):K-INT(YY/8):L-4

0:GOSUB5710:RETURN

4600 GOSUB5780:REM * BOLD TEXT

4610 HDRAW"BM"+STR$(X)+"."+STR$(

4620 A$-INKEY$: IFA$-""THEN4620EL

SEIFA$-CHR$(13)THENRETURNELSEIFA

SC(A$X31THEN4620

4630 HDRAWB$(ASC(A$)-32):G0T0462

4800 GOSUB5780:REM * OLD TEXT

4810 HDRAW"BM"+STR$(X)+"."+STR$(

4820 A$-INKEY$:IFA$-""THEN4820EL

SEIFA$-CHR$(13)THENRETURNELSEIFA

SC(A$X31THEN4820

4830 HDRAW0$(ASC(A$)-32):G0T0482

5000 REM * FILE/EXIT

5010 GOSUB5810:EXECSS:D-0:L-8:I-

2 : K-39 : HDRAWBM89 . 41D49L89R2DR88

U48RD49L89":HLINE(0.4D- (88.89).

PRESET. BF:HPRINT(0. 6). "Save File

•■:HPRINT(0.7)."Load Fi le": HPRINT

(0.8). "Kill File":HPRINT(0.9)."S

creen Dump" :HPRINT( 0.10) ."Exit/B

ASIC"

5020 HGET(l.K+I*8)-(87.K+8+I*8).

4:HPUT(l.K+I*8)-(87.K+8+I*8).4.N

5030 XX-JOYSTK(0):YY-JOYSTK(1):F

ORJ-1TO250:NEXT:IFBUTTON(0)-0THE

NONI GOTO5080. 5090. 5200. 5230. 526

0ELSEIF(YY>22ANDYY<42)THEN5030

5040 HPUT(l.K+I*8)-(87.K+8+I*8).

4. PSET

5050 IFYY<23THENI-I-1:IFK1THENI

-1

5060 IFYY>41THENI-I+1:IFI>5THENI

-5

5070 GOTO5020

5080 GOSUB5770:IFFREE(0X14THENH

PRINT(7.9)."DISK FULL. USE NEW D

ISK":FORJ-1TO4000:NEXT:EXECRS:GO

TO5220ELSEHPRINT(7.9)."SAVE FILE

NAME :":GOSUB5710:POKE65496.0: OPE

N"0".l.Q$+"/PIC":EXEC4177: CLOSE:

GOTO5220

5090 D-0:I-l:K-63:HLINE(51.64)-(

172. 116). PSET. B:HLINE( 52.65) -(17

1.115). PRESET. BF:POKE65496.0:DSK

I$0.17.3.C$.E$:FORJ-1TO128STEP32

:GOSUB5100:NEXT:C$-E$:FORJ-1TO12

8STEP32:GOSUB5100:NEXT:GOTO5130

5100 Q$-MID$(C$.J.14):IFLEFT$(Q$

,1)-CHR$(0)THENRETURN

5110 IFASC(QS)>127THENRETURN

5120 IFMID$(0$.9.3)O"PIC"THENRE

TURNELSED-D+1:D$(D)-LEFT$(Q$.8)+

"/"+"PIC":RETURN

5130 IFD-0THENHPRINT(7.9)."NO FI

LES SAVED" : FORJ-1TO3000 : NEXT: GOT

O5220ELSEFORX-1TOD:HPRINT(7.8+X)

,D$(X):NEXT:HPRINT(7.8+X)."Exit

to Menu"

5140 HGET(53.K+I*8)-(170.K+8+I*8

).4:HPUT(53.K+I*8)-(170.K+8+I*8)

.4. NOT

5150 FB-BUTTON(0):XX-JOYSTK(0):Y

Y-JOYSTK(l): I FFB-1AND1-D+1THENGO

TO5220ELSEIFFB-1THENHCLSB:OPEN"I

".l.D$(I):EXEC4222:CLOSE:GOT0522

0ELSEIFYY>22ANDYY<42THEN5150

5160 HPUT(53.K+I*8)-(170.K+8+I*8

).4.PSET

5170 IFYY<23THENI-I-1:IFK1THENI
-1

5180 IFYY>41THENI-I+1:IFI>D+1THE
NI-D+1

5190 GOTO5140

5200 GOSUB5770:HPRINT(7.9)."KILL
FILENAME :" :GOSUB5710:GOSUB5800

5210 A$-INKEY$:IFA$-""THEN5210EL

SEIFA$-"Y"ORA$-"y"THENKlLLQ$+"/P

IC"ELSEIFA$-"N"ORA$-"n"THEN5220E

LSE5210

5220 EXECRS:POKE65497.0:F-F9:RET

URN

5230 EXECRS:EXECRUM:REM * SCREEN
DUMP

5240 REM * ADD YOUR SCREEN DUMP

HERE

5250 GOTO5220

5260 GOSUB5800

5270 A$-INKEY$:IFAJ-""THEN5270EL

SEIFA$-"Y"0RA$-"y"THENP0KE65496.

: POKE282 . 255 : RGB : STOPELSEI FA$-"

N"ORA$-"n"THEN5220ELSE5270

5300 REM * BACKGROUND

5310 GOSUB5620:GOSUB5700:BG-B:IF

Y>320RY<16THENEXECRM:RETURNELSEB

-INT(X/16):IFB<16THENEXECRM:HCOL

OR.B:HLINE( 185.32) -( 225.38). PRES

ET.BF:EXECSM:RETURN

5320 IFB>15THENEXECRM:B-BG:RETUR

5400 REM * CLEAR/MODE

5410 GOSUB5810:EXECSS:I-3:K-39:H

DRAWBM222.41D74R97L2DL96U73LD74

R97":HLINE(223.41)-(319.114).PRE

SET.BF:HPRINT(28.6)."Palette":HP

RINT(28.7)."Clear Screen": HPRINT

(28. 8). "PUT Mode":HPRINT(31.9)."

Set":HPRINT(31.10)."Reset"

5420 HPRINT(31.11)."And":HPRINT(

31.12)."0r":HPRINT(31.13)."Not":

HPRINT(29.CP+8),">"

5430 HGET(224.K+I*8)-(319.K+8+I*

8).4:HPUT(224.K+I*8)-(319.K+8+I*

8). 4. NOT

5440 XX-JOYSTK(0):YY-JOYSTK(1):F

ORJ-1TO250:NEXT:IFBUTTON(0)-0THE

NONI GOTO5500. 5590. 5600. 5610. 561

0.5610. 5610. 5610ELSEIFYY>22ANDYY

<42THEN5440

5450 HPUT(224.K+I*8)-(319.K+8+I*

8). 4. PSET

5460 IFYY<23THENI-I-1:IFK1THENI

-1

5470 IFYY>41THENI-I+1:IFI>8THENI

-8

5480 GOTO5430

5500 R-B:C-63:REM * PALETTE

5510 HC0L0RF.B:HSCREEN2:HPRINT(1

0.1). "PALETTE COLOR CHANGER":HPR

INT(2.3)."Left & Right Keys -> S
elect Palette":HPRINT(5.5)."Fl &

F2 Keys -> Select Color"
5520 FORJ-0TO15:HCOLORJ:HLINE(J*
16+28. 60) -(J*16+44. 100). PSET. BF:
NEXT:HPRINT(R*2+4.13).P$:HPRINT(
7. 18). "Press Fire Button when do
ne"

5530 A$-INKEY$:IFA$-CHR$(8)THENR
-R-1:IFR— 1THENR-0ELSEHCOLORB:HP
RINT(R*2+6. 13 ).P$:HCOLORF: HPRINT

(R*2+4.13).P$

5540 IFA$-CHR$(9)THENR-R+1:IFR-1

6THENR-15ELSEHC0L0RB:HPRINT(R*2+

2.13).P$:HC0L0RF:HPRINT(R*2+4.13

).P$

5550 IFA$-CHR$(103)THENC-C-1:IFC

--1THENC-63:PALETTER.C ELSEPALET

TER.C

5560 IFA$-CHR$(4)THENC-C+l:IFC-6

4THENC-0:PALETTER.C ELSEPALETTER

5570 IFBUTTON(0)THENEXECRS:F-F9:

RETURN

5580 GOTO5530

5590 HCLSB:EXECSUM:EXECRM:F-F9:R

ETURN

5600 EXECRS:F-F9:RETURN

5610 CP-I-3:EXECRS:F-F9:RETURN

5620 GOSUB5650:GOTO5640:REM * JO

YSTICK

5630 HGET(X.Y)-(X+4.Y+4).2:HPUT(

X . Y ) - ( X+4 . Y+4 ) . 1 : GOSUB5650 : HPUT(

XX.YY)(XX+4.YY+4).2:IFFB-1THENR

ETURN

5640 XX-X:YY-Y:GOTO5630

5650 X-X+DP(JOYSTK(0)):Y-Y+DP(JO

YSTK( 1 ) ) : FB-BUTTON(0) : I FX<0THENX

-0ELSEI FX>319THENX-319

5660 IFY<0THENY-0ELSEIFY>191THEN

Y-191ELSERETURN

5670 RETURN

5680 EXECRS:F-F9:GOTO280:REM * E

RROR ROUTINE

5690 P0KE59291.196:P0KE59292.P:R

THE RAINBOW October 1990

ETURN: REM * PATTERN ENABLE

5700 P0KE59291.212:P0KE59292.181

: RETURN: REM * RESTORE CODE

5710 QS-STRING$(L." ") : FORJ-0TOL

-1:REM * HPRINT INPUT

5720 A$-INKEY$:IFA$-""THEN5720EL

SEIFA$-CHR$(13)THEN5760

5730 IFAS-CHR$(8)THENJ-J-1:IFJ>-

1THENA$-" ":MID$(0$.J+1.D-" ":H

LINE((I+J)*8.K*8)-((I+J)*8+8.K*8

+7). PRESET. BF:J-J-1:GOTO5750

5740 IFJ<0THEN5750ELSEIFASC(A$)<

32THENJ-J-1ELSEMID$(Q$.J+1.1)-A$

:HPRINT(I+J.K).A$

5750 NEXT

5760 Q$-LEFT$(Q$.J):RETURN

5770 I-22:K-9:L-8:HLINE(52.64)-(

245.87 ).PSET.B:HLINE(53. 65) -(244

.86). PRESET. BF:RETURN

5780 GOSUB5620:EXECSS:RETURN

5790 EXECRS:GOSUB5650:RETURN

5800 HLINE(67.82)-(260.101).PSET

.B:HL1NE( 68.83) (259. 100). PRESET

.BF:HPR1NT(10.11)."ARE YOU SURE

? <Y/N>": RETURN

5810 F9-F:IFF>15THENGOSUB5700:F-

5820 IFB-8THENHCOLOR0:RETURNELSE

HC0L0R8: RETURN

5999 REM * FONT DATA

6000 REM * BOLD TEXT
6010 B$(0)-"BR7" , SPACE

6020 B$(1)-"BRD4RU4BD6LBR4BU6"' !

6030 B$(2)-"DRUBR2DRUBR2

6040 B$(3)-"BRD6RU6BR2D6RU6BRBD2

L6BD2R6BU4BR3"'#

6050 8$(4)-"BR2RFRL4GRDR3DRG2LEL

3BR8BU5 M, $

6060 B$(5)-"BDDRUBR5G5LE5BD4DRUB

U5BR3"'%

6070 B$(6)-"BR4FGU2L2DLF5LH4DGRG

RDR2BU6BR5"'&

6080 B$(7)-■•BROGREUBR2•' , •

6090 B$(8)-"BR3G2D2F2LH2U2E2BR3"

6100 B$(9)-"F2D2G2RE2U2H2BR5"' )

6110 B$(10)-"BRBDF4RH4D2L2R7LHG3

LE4RBU2BR3"'*

6120 B$(11)-"BR2BDD4RU2NL3NR2U2B

UBR4"'+

6130 B$(12)-•'BD5BRD2NLEUBR2BU5■■•

6140 B$(13)-

6150 B$(14)-

6160 B$(15)-

6170 B$(16)-

D4BU5BR2 n,

6180 B$(17)-

■"1

6190 B$(18)-

R5HRBU5BR2"'

6200 B$(19)-

3ULBU5BR7 M, 3

6210 B$(20)-

LU4BR3 M, 4

6220 B$(2D-

R5BR2""5

6230 B$(22)-

2RUR2BR3"'6

6240 B$(23)-

R2 n, 7

6250 B$(24)-

NL2EUHL2BR5"

6260 B$(25)-

GU2L2BR5""9

BD3R5BU3BR2" 1 -
BD5DRUBR2BU5" 1 .
BR6G6RE6BR2"'/
BRD6R3U6L3GD4NE3RE4

"BR2NGD6L2R3NR2U6BR4

"BDRUR3DRDLDL2G2DNE2

"BDRUR3F0GNL2FDGNU5L

"BD3E3RG4R4NU3DGR3HE

"BD5RDR3NU3EU2HL4ELU

"BD2D3FNU2R3U2FUHL3U

"DRUR3D2G2D2RU2E2U2B

BRGDFGDFNU5R3NU5EUH
8
"BRGDFNU2R4G3LR2E2U3

6270 B$(26)-••BD5DRUBU3LURBR2BU■■ ,

6280 B$(27)-"BRBD5DGREUBU3LURBUB

R2"":

6290 B$(28)-"BR3G3F3RH3E3BR2 ,,, <

6300 B$(29)-'•BD2R5BD3L5BU5BR7•'•-

6310 B$(30)-"F3G3RE3H3BR5' ,, >

6320 B$(31)-"B0R4G3BD2RBU2E2UHNL

2BR3"'?

6330 B$(32)-"BR5L4GD4FNU5R4BU2L2

UR3UL3RERHBR3"'®

6340 B$(33)-"BR3D2HD3NR2HD3HDBR7

UGU3GU3GU2BR5"'A

6350 B$(34)-"R5FDGNL2FDGNU5L5ENU

4RU5BR6"'B

6360 B$(35)-"BR3LDLGD2FNU3RDR3UR

BU4LHRBR3" , C

6370 B$(36)-"RD5GR2U6RF2D2G2RE2U

2H2BR4"'D

6380 B$(37)-"RNR4D3NR3D2GR2NU6R4

ULBU4RUBR2 M, E

6390 B$(38)-"RD5GR3HU2NR2U3R3DRU

BR2" , F

6400 B$(39)-"BR2DLND3GD2F2UFR2U2

HR2ND2BU2LUL2BR5"'G

6410 B$(40)-"D6RU3NR2U3BR3D6RU6B

R2 M, H

6420 B$(41)-■•R206L2R5LHU5R2BR2• , •

6430 B$(42)-"BD40ED2R3NU5EU5L3BR

5" 'J

6440 B$(43)-"RD5GR2NU6BR4UGU2LHR

URU2FUBR3"'K

6450 B$(44)-••R05GR6ULBL3U5RBR5"•

6460 B$(45)-"D6RU5F2DHR2UED5RU6B

R2""M

6470 B$(46)-"D6RU6NF3DF4NU5DRU6B

R2 M, N

6480 B$(47)-"BR3LDLND3GD2FRDR2UR

NU3EU2HLUBR4"'0

6490 B$(48)-"RD5GR3HU2NU3R3EUGU2

L2BR5'"P

6500 B$(49)-"BR3LDLND3GD2FRDR2UF

2LU5RND2HLUBR4""Q

6510 B$(50)-"RD5GR2U3NU3RF3RH3RE

LELUL2BR6"'R

6520 B$(51)-"BD5RDR3URUL2EL3EL2E

LER3DRHBR3""S

6530 B$(52)-••DERD5GR3HU5RFUBR2 , '•

6540 B$(53)- , •ND5RD6R3NU6EU5BR2"■

6550 B$(54)-"DED3ED3ED2RU2FU3FU3

FUBR2"'V

6560 B$(55)-"ND6RD6EURUFDFNU6RU6

BR2"'W

6570 B$(56)-"F6RH6BR5G6RE6BR2" , X

6580 B$(57)-"DED2RDRD2GR3HU2RURU

2FUBR2"'Y

6590 B$(58)-"DRUR5G6R6ULGLHE4UBR
2 ... z

6600 B$(65)-"BD2BRR3FD2FLHGL2HER

3UBU3BR4"'a

6610 B$(66)-"RD5U2R2ERND3F02GL3U

6BR6"'b

6620 BS(67)-"BD3BR5LUL3ND3GD2FR3

URBU5BR2"'c

6630 B$(68)-"BR3RD5GL2NU3HU2ERF4

LU6BR3"'d

6640 B$(69)-"BD2BRR3DRDL4ULD2RDR

3BU6BR3"'e

6650 B$(70)-"BRBDDGRO2GR3HUELU3R

2DRHBR3"'f

6660 B$(71)-"BD7RDR3URULUL3ULURU

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Digitize any sound for your programs or add sound
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CoCo3. t 28k, disk ONLY $24.95

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NXIOOO, DMP-240 & EPSON compatibles
CoCo3,disk ONLY $21.95

CGP'MAX

Same as STAR* MAX but for the CGP-220
CoCo3, 1 28k. disk ONLY $18.95

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compatable color printers.

CoCo1,2,3, 32k, disk ONLY $18.95

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363 Oakwwood Awe., Jackson, Ml 49203
(517) 787-3610 $2.50 S/H per order

Visa/M.C Chech MO. rVII res odd i'/c sales lax

October 1990 THE RAINBOW

R2FDRU2RBR2BU2"'g

6670 B$(72)-"RD5GR2U6D3RERND4FD3

BU6BR2"'h

6680 B$(73)-"BD2RD3GR3HU3BU2LBR4

"•1

6690 B$(74)-"BD6RDR3NU5EU4BU2LBR

3" 'J

6700 B$(75)-"RD5GR2U3F3RH2E2LG3U

5BR6"'k

6710 B$(76)-"RD5GR3HU5BR3 M, 1

6720 B$(77)-"B02D4RU4F2EURD4RU3B

R2BU3" , m

6730 B$(78)-"B02D4RU4R3D4RU3BU3B

R2"'n

6740 B$(79)-"BD3D2RU3R3ND3F02GL3

BE6 M, o

6750 B$(80)-"BD2RD4GR3HU3ER2DRDL

DL2BE5"'p

6760 B$(81 )-"BR6BD2GD3FL2U5L3D2H

DFR2BE5 M, q

6770 B$(82)-"BD2RD3GR3HU3FERFDLU

BE3"'r

6780 B$(83)-"BD6R4URHL3HRUR4BE2"

6790 B$(84)-"BD2ED4FNU6REBU3LRBE

2"'t

6800 B$(85)-"BD2D3FNU4R2EU3RD4RB

U6BR2" , u

6810 B$(86)-"B02D2FNU3RDEDENU3EU

2BE2 M, v

6820 B$(87)-"BD2ND2RD4RUEU0FDRU4

RND2BE2"'w

6830 B$(88)-"BR5BD2G4LE2H2RF4RH2

E2BE2"'x

6840 B$(89)-"BD2ND2RD3R2G2LR2E2N

U3EU2BE2 M, y

6850 B$(90)-"BD3UR4NG4RG4R4UBU5B

R2"'z

7000 REM * OLD TEXT

7010 O$(0)-"BR12 M, SPACE

7020 0$(1)-"BDFND5LD7BD302ED3BU1

6BR3"'!

7030 0$(2)-"BD2D3ED4BR3U4GU3BUBR

7040 0$(3)-"BD3BFR8GL8BD3BFR8GL8

BR2BD3U12ED12BR3DU12ED12BU12BR6"

•it

7050 0$(4)-"BR4ND14DG3DF2U5FR2EG

2BD4ND4F2DG2L3UHDLGBU13BR12""$

7060 0$(5)-"BRBDGFEBR6DRL2G6LFE7

BD7GFEBU11BR5""*

7070 0$(6)-"BR2BDG2DF2G2DFNU2FRE

3D3FNE2U3ENRGH2LNFHNH2E2UHND2HBU

BR9 M, &

7080 0$(7)-■•BDD2ED2GBU5BR4••••

7090 0$(8)-"BR3NR2G3D9F3R2LH3U9E

3BR3"'(

7100 0$(9)-"R2F3D9G3NL2UE2U9H2BU

BR6"')

7110 0$( 10)-"BRBD3NF3RF4NL5NR4NF

4NG4DG3LHBR8BDH3U3NE2RE2FBU4BR3"

• *

7120 0$(11)-"BR5BD2D9GU5NU4NL4NR

5BU7BR9""+

7130 0$(12)-"BD9D2ED2GBU13BR4"• .

7140 0$(13)-"BD7R9DL9BU8BR12"' -

7150 0$(14)-••BD14NR2DR2BU15BR2• , •

7160 O$(15)-"BR10G10DE10BUBR3"'/

7170 0$( 16)-"BR3G3D8NF3NERNF3RF3

E3U8GU2GU2GU2LDBUBR7 ,,,

7180 0$(17)-"BR3NG3014NEHNHU11BU

28R5"'l

7190 0$(18)-"BR3G2DE3NRDR2ND4FD3

NG6LG6ND3FDRFR3URURBU12BR3"'2

7200 0$( 19)-"BR3NG3RNG2DRF2ND3LD

3GNL2FND3RD3G3ULNHDH3BU11BR11 M, 3

7210 O$(20)-"BR6ND12G6DR7NFG2D4N

R2NFNHU11BU2BR6"'4

7220 0S(21)-"BRR5GL4D7RE2R2ND5FD

4G3LEL2ULHBU11BR10""5

7230 0$(22)-"BR4F2NEL2ULG3D7F3RE

2NU5EU4H2L2GLD5F2RBU13BR6 M, 6

7240 0$(23)-"BRNR7GR7D2G3ND7GD7B

U14BR8 M, 7

7250 0$(24)-"BR2G2D2NF6RF6D2G2L3

HNU3HU2E3RE2NU3EU2H2L3BR9" , 8

7260 0$(25)-"BR3G3D3NFRF2E3ND5U2

H2LURF3D7G4U2GULGBU13BR10"'9

7270 0$(26)-"BRBD2GR2GBD5GR2GBUl

1BR4"":

7280 0$(27)-"BD2DRDBD6HDFGBU12BR

5" 1 ;

7290 0$(28)-"BR6G6F6UH5E5BUBR3'••

7300 0$(29)-"BD4R8BD5L8BU9BR12""

7310 O$(30)-"F6G6UE5H5BUBR9 M, >

7320 0$(31)-"BR2NG2R2DRND2FDNG4D

G4BD3D2ED2BU14BR6"'?

7330 0$(32 )-"BR5BDR5F3ND2UHD4G3U

4LD2ND2G3NU3HU2E2NRBL5E3NRG3ND5G

D4F2UF2R5EREBU11BR4" 1 ®

7340 0$(33)-"BR4G4D3F2R2NG5E2NE3

U2LGBD4NR5BD2NL2GR2GR3GLBR6ELNU1

4LHRU11LEL6NG3UR4BR7--A

7350 0$(34)-"BR4NG4R5GNL4G4ND8G0

6NG3DFNR4FR3E4NU2LNG2U3LU2G5ENU4

EU4E4D4EU3BUBR3""B

7360 0$(35)-"BR5G4N07GD6F2U2FD2F

NU10NR5ER5E2BU10GLDLUGU2GU2G2NG2

DSBUllBR^'^'C

7370 0$(36)-"BR4NG4RNG2R7ND12GNL

6GRD11G2L2UGUGU2GULUNG3NU7EU7E4B

R7"'D

7380 0$(37)-"BR5NG5RNG3R4GNL3G5N

05GD6NG2R6D2R2ENL6E2BL8NU5EUNU4E

RNR4E6G3U3FL2U2ENG5BUBR6" ' E

7390 0$(38)-"BR6G3ERE2R4GNL3G4D8

EU7BR2D8G4UH2LG2ER3FERE3U2E2NFG2

U6E4F2DH2DFBU4BR4 M, F

7400 0$(39)-"BR4G3N08GD7F4NR5UNU

10R6ENU4EU4L7ND4NU5E7GL2DLU2GU2N

G4BR8""G

7410 O$(40)-"BR4NG4RNG2R4GNL3G4D

4GU5BD7LNG2R2DED2ENR2DR3BR3NU10E

U10LG6D2U5RD4U5E5BR4 n, H

7420 0t(41 )-"BR3NG3RNG2R4GNL3G3N

D6GD6BD2LNG2RNF2R2DRNU9EU9E4BR"'

7430 0$(42)-"BR5NG3RNG2R4GNL3G3N

D6GDGHGBR3D5BD3H3LNF3LNGF3R2E3NU

7EU7E4BR""J

7440 0$(43)-"BR3NG3RNG2R4GNL3G3N

D6GD6BD2LNG2NR3RFNE2NR3FR3BR3NE2

UELEL2HNL3E4LENL3HL2G3D2U5LND6E5

D2EDR2EBU M, K

7450 0$(44)-"BR3NG3RNG2R4GNL3G3N

D6GD6BD2NG2R3NU8NR3DR6GNL2E2BU2B

L6U7E4D2ED2EDE2BU"'L

7460 0$(45)-"BR3NG3RNG2RGR3EG4ND

7GD7NG3DR2GNR4FR3E2LNU12LU5LGERN

U7RE2BD8BRFNU14E2LU12HG3BU3BR7""

7470 0$(46)-"BR2NG2DED12NG3DRGNR

3FRLBU13D2RD2RD2RD2RD2RD2FU15GR2

UFGNR2FRE2BU""N

7480 0$(47)-"BR4G3ND8GD7FED2ED2N

R6FNU11R5E3NU7EU7NH4LNH4LH4DLG3E

2ND9BU2BR11"'0

7490 0$(48)-"BR4G2RD2L2GER2D3L2G

ER2D7GLHBR4BUNU12F2REBU7BL4NF2UF

3E2NU6EU5HL2G3BU3BR9"'P

7500 0$(49)-"BR4G3ND8GD7FED2ED2N

R6FNU11R5E2H2LGER2F3RE2BL4NU7EU7

NH4LNH4LH4DLG3E2ND9BU2BR11'"Q

7510 O$(50)-"BR3NG3RNG2R4GNL3G3N

D6GD6BD2LNG2R2D?IR3FNR3U2EU7NE5RD

6BD4BR4NU4ENU2EUH3DHLRE3NU5RNG2U

5HBR4"'R

7520 0$(51)-"BR13G3NL4GL2U2NL2UL

G3F8UH7GF7DGH7UF6D2NL4DL2UHNL3HL

2G2DFRE2BU14BR10"'S

7530 0$(52)-"BR3NG3RNG2R5GL2NL2G

3N07GD6FED2ED2FR5E3G2L6U3NU6RU8N

G2E2RGNR3FR2E2BUBR2 M, T

7540 0$(53)-"BR4NDllG2RD2GLGEFED

7G2ER3GR3FNL3EFNU14E2LU12HNG2BR5

"■U

7550 0$(54)-"BR4NDllG2RD3L2GEFRD

6NG3DR2GR2GRE4NU10EU9HNG2BR4"'V

7560 0$(55)-"BR4NDllG2RD3L2GEFRD

6G2ER3GRDE2RU13NG2F013ED2E3NU11E

U10HNG2BR4 M, W

7570 0$(56)-"BR2NFllDFllLNG2HllG

BD5BR2R10BD7BL12E2R3GR3GLBU2BL3E

UGLSELSERBR?"^

7580 0$(57)-"BR3ND7G2RD3L2GEFRD2

G2ER3GR3GLR6D3GL5EL3GBR10BU2UHU1

0HND10NG2BR5"'Y

7590 0$(58)-"BR3NG2R3GR3DNL2R4EG

5NR3NL4G9ERE2R5FNL6GLR4GLR2E2BU1

3BR3--Z

7600 0$(59)-"R5G5NU4BD2E7F7G7H7B

D2D5R5NH4BR4R5U5NG4BU4U5L5NF4BL2

BD3G4F4E4H4BD3GFEBU7BR6"

7610 O$(60)-"R15O15L15U14BR2BDR1

1D11L11U10BR2BDR7D7L7U6BR2BDR3D3

L3U2BU7BR10"

7620 0$(61 )-"BR3G2NUDLD5NF7EDF6N

E6RE6NHU5LU2LNL3HL2G2NRNH20H3DLB

UBR11"

7630 0$(65)-"BRBD4NR3GDF3HGND5GD

4FERENU8F2EGHU9NL2EBR4BU4"'a

7640 0$(66)-"BR3GND13GHFDllLF2E2

RNU6EU5HG2BU8BR6" , b

7650 O$(67)-"BR2BD4ND10R2F2GUHL3

GRD7F2URE2BU12BR3"'C

7660 0$(68)-"F7RH7RF6EGD6GNU5LG2

U2GH2RNU6FU7EBU5BR8"'d

7670 0$(69)-"BR3BD4G3RD6LF2UNU8N

E3U4RERURELUNL4HL2BU5BR7""e

7680 O$(70)-"BR7GLULGND13GD2NL2N

R309LF2E2BU13BR5"'f

7690 0$(71)-"BD4BR2ND9G2RD6GRFR2

NE5NG5R3FD2G2L4HR5EU12HN09NG3BR6

BU4"'g

7700 O$(72)-"BR3GND12GHFD10LF2EB

R20FHUNU7EU6HG2BU7BR6'"h

7710 0$(73)-"BR2DLDBD4EFLND8GLFD

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7720 0$(74)-"BR4DLD8D4NENR2NG05R

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7730 0$(75)-"BR3GND13GHF011LF2EB

U7E2ND4FD3G2LRFND2R03E2BU13BR3'"

7740 0$(76)-"BR3GND13GHFDllLF2EB

U14BR3'"1

7750 0$(77)-"BR2BD4G2RD7LF2ELU9F

E2D10FELU9FE2D10FNE2U10EBR4BU4"'

7760 0$(78)-"BR2BD4G2RD7LF2ELU9F

E2D10FNE2U10FBU6BR4"'n

7770 0$(79)-"BR4BD4G2ND7GD6LF2RE

2NU8RU6RH2BU5BR5 M,

THE RAINBOW October 1990

7780 O$(80)-"BR3BD5G2RD6NG2D6GE2

FHU4NU8RFENU8EFHU7HNG2BU5BR5"'p

7790 0$(81)-"BR2BD6ND8G2RD5LF2RE

2NU6D5GE2FHU9EGHLULBU6BR7"'q

7800 O$(82)-"BR4BD13G2NU10H2RU7L

E2FDENRURF2GBR4BU7"'r

7810 0$(83)-"BR3BD4GND3GD2FR6ND3

FD2NG3LG2GUGU2GUL2GE9GL3ENL3HLBU

4BR8"'s

7820 0$(84)-"BR4G2D2L2R2D9LF2NE2

UllR2L2U2UEBR4"'t

7830 O$(85)-"BR2BD4ND10G2RD7LF2E

3NU7D2R2GUllG2BU6BR6" , u

7840 0$(86)-"BR2BD3G2DE0ND9R09E2

RNU7EU6RHUG2BU6BR6"'V

7850 0$(87)-"BR2BD3G2DED9LDR2UNU

7E2ND3U7F2LD7RE2ND3U7F2LD7RBU14B

R3 n, W

7860 O$(88)-"BD5F10UH9GF9BL9U3RD

2E9D3LU3BU5BR4"'x

7870 0$(89)-"BR2BD5ND9G2RD6LF2E3

NU5D2FD3L5GER2DR2E2U2HU8RHG2BU7B

R6 M, y

7880 O$(90)-"BR3BD4NG3RNG2RFNL2D

R2EG4NL3NR3G5ER2DNR3FR2NE3UEBU13

BR5""z

7890 RETURN

7900 REM * END OF LISTING

Listing 3:

SPECTRA3

00100

ORG

&4000

00410

BSR

SBLOCK

00110 SM

ORCC

#80

00420

LDD

#$2D32

00120

LDO

#$302 F

00430

STD

$FFA4

00130

STD

$FFA4

00440

BSR

SBLOCK

00140

BSR

SBLOCK

00450

LDD

#$2E33

00150 OUT

LDD

#$3C3D

00460

STD

$FFA4

00160

STD

$FFA4

00470

BSR

SBLOCK

00170

RTS

00480

LDD

#$2A29

00180 SS

ORCC

#80

00490

STD

$FFA4

00190

LDD

#$302B

00500

BSR

SBLOCK

00200

STD

$FFA4

00510

BRA

OUT

00210

BSR

SBLOCK

00520 RM

ORCC

#80

00220

LDD

#$312C

00530

LDD

#$2F30

00230

STD

$FFA4

00540

STD

$FFA4

00240

BSR

SBLOCK

00550

BSR

MBLOCK

00250

LDD

#$322D

00560

BRA

OUT

00260

STD

$FFA4

00570 SBLOCK

LDX

#32768

00270

BSR

SBLOCK

00580

LDY

#40960

00280

LDD

#$332E

00590 MENU1

LDD

,X++

00290

STD

$FFA4

00600

STD

.Y++

00300

BSR

SBLOCK

00610

CMPX

#40960

00310

LDD

#S292A

00620

BNE

MENU1

00320

STD

$FFA4

00630

RTS

00330

BSR

SBLOCK

00640 MBLOCK

LDX

#32768

00340

BRA

OUT

00650

LDY

#40960

00350 RS

ORCC

#80

00660 MENU2

LDD

.X++

00360

LDD

#$2B30

00670

STD

.Y++

00370

STD

$FFA4

00680

CMPX

#39328

00380

BSR

SBLOCK

00690

BNE

MENU2

00390

LDD

#$2C31

00700

RTS

00400

STD

JFFA4

00710 SUM

ORCC

#80

BANKMAN

Checkbook Program

A user friendly, menu-driven program
for continuously up-dating your check
book. Allows you to keep a running re-
cord of deposits, checks and accounts.
Files can be saved, edited and printed
out. Also, lets you reconcile and ana-
lyze particular accounts. Includes man-
ual. Uses 32K. ONLY $39.95

COCO LABELS. Creates a double-column
multlpage screen Index. Printout 1, all
or many copies of the same label. Print
each line In a different font using Tandy
(R) printer. Uses 32K. NOW $29.95

ENVELOPE WRITER. For Daisy Wheel
printers. Prints mailing and return ad-
dress directly on the envelope. Custom
fonts with Tandy (R) printer. Ideal for
small jobs or the occasional envelope,
saves on time, frustration and labels!
Uses 16K. » JUST $19.95

Send check or money order.

P.O. Box 3453, Carbondale, IL 62902

Specify CoCo 1, 2 or 3. Add $3.00 S/H.

Alpha saflaa

DATA WINDOWS JNKW

ITSHERT.!!! 1 TV pirate that all CCCO o-.cn have heeB looking tot Final* YcSrripVle comprchensiv
database lyslcm fof the COCO, lull database support includes uci definable dclds. multiple key field*
automatic toning (by key field*), fail searching, browsing, user dcliaable cdiliBg. Htff ilefiwbk windows
(database view*), imporvciporvmeitc capability cnlcopv paste, and even Nil rppun generation ami mailina
label [acuities!. Make* full IH ol Multi < Vue. hit does aol require II lo run' Mulu - Vue type inierlace make*
ilearytousc! Tan. will quickly become Ibe standard lo* OS" database use' <l2l OSv Level II Required S5-*v<

DISK MANAGKR TREE

Tat* versatile utility makei yonrOSv life a hreexe! So
mote lightiBg with complei directory ilruclutei! No
mote searching for files aad typing long patk unci'
Everything ts displayed Ualfivikyionl Allow* you to
change, create, aid delete directories with single
keystroke*. Abo allow* you lo copy, view and delete
Glesjuataieasilyl A must for any OSv user. 5l2kOSv
.Level II Required S29 95

LEVEL II TOOLS '

Without the right loob OSv is difficult. .These ARF.
Ike right tools! With these great utilities anyone can
OS" like a pro! Complete wildcard, tree aad
windowing command* make OS9 easy to Met If yon
aat to *urt Bltng OSv. this B what you need! If yon
ready use OS , these toot* will save yon boar* of
omc and headaches! 25 great utilities. OSv Level II
mcn.ircd 524 v5 ,

PRKSTO-PAKTNKK

1 na is wh.-t you have been waiting for* Finally RAM
Keiideal sottwnre (or your COCO J! Runs in the back
grvuad while you do olhet work' Includes a notepad
thatdoesaulomalK number calculations a calendar with
alarm, a phoae book that can auto-dial your pnouc. a
real time clock and much. much, more! Ibis program
will orgaarre your eititc life! SI2k OSv Level II Re
quired (Hayes compatible modem requirrd lor auto-
.diall J2vv5

' WARP- ONE •

I in.i I h- a complete OSQ Level II * . - Ion . :,,. terminal
program. Many feature* iKladc Aato-diaJ 4 Macro.
X A Y modem. ANSI r/»phic*. buffer capture, on line
time, ckat mode, wndowi, ud mack, much more'
Pe/lecl for uy BBS aterl Mote power than you II
r-ernc^!512kC69Uvrin4RS-232(orCON4M-4)
ii Required P4.9S 4

OS» LEVEL 11 BBS RELEASE 3.0

System come* compicie and ready to run. Use tie built
inmciusorcreaiey-iurown. Ran your own programs
pMH tie! Complete tueuage system included File
triaitti lystem tupporu Xmodem mJ Ymodem plus
hi I'lii'h validailJOsi wiU. keyword sr in !-. i c >- ' fc 1

tea will in ow» ir rini.il program free! NW include*
ANSI graphics meow and editor' See hoard while il

i!FofjDEMO«H(504)649 5761 (3/1.V2400 Baud,.
GaUtOeComnktgjuneaboiailuded! 512k OSVla-vel
II aad RS-232 (orCOMM-4) : . . required $3».0J

COMM-4

ATTTiNnONrH AJpba Softw«rt Tethnolopa tui luiprd op

* port* in on* iltx* Thtt'i r\fi*. .*■-.. .•-. . m coe (xm!
Stvo-LBUp-jwOlflOitTr v^ri'.'y-iT^-r'i-.iur.' EatemKRO
lev* alloM you 10 emmci u> m 1RO tuvt awd TouHy
OMnpaoUc*U51iecbnotoB ooq*cml dnvsi nraled! Onoi
axnptru •'(." •«!-•» i'( (- J— j.-i Hut aloM mulupi* :—a
■"iT-i lo * »i- >:- -'.-■• i A rauti for any BBS u*er! A
pcriin oairfi lor OSV Level If BBS) COCO ! tttqand

SUU9

• THE JAPrER '

Iiu wouderfal utility allowti you to ;..i. !• aDytbiBf,'
PalcA cotsmaadt directly oaduk aad ruCKCaauioaal-
u-ilS' F'iKh (he OS9 Bool file) Save loii 61ei! Pu
mehd diila! One use of tha prop am could hv- *onb
^hepnce'Mk CS9 Level I or II required Sj^Qt

MULTI - MENU
Tlw prat Mulu ■ Vue utility allow* you lo eaiiry create
your own pop-dowa meaui! NoptograauijiapeapeneBce
required, became «o programmiag is done! You »ill
be able lo nia aay QS9 (ommand or program from a
meau! Menu crealMD a super iimpte.iupereauy Aciu.il-
ry lee ue menu m It develops A must f«r Mult. Vue
uien! Makes not MulO - Vue tofMare run under Multi
.V.e'*iaOS9l.evetU.tMult l VueRe*.uired_ll9.9SJ

Alpha Software Technologies

1 5w i M9-5t7«tvokc, 210 BlueflcM Dr. slide II LA 704$*

Pka*e*ia J'OOSttppmi* H*ndfcix COO Order (150 Eau.

(504)649-5761(BBS)

October 1 990

THE RAINBOW

00720

LDD

#$3029

00730

STD

$FFA4

00740

BSR

MBLOCK

00750

LBRA

OUT

00760

*UM

ORCC

#80

00770

LDD

#$2930

00780

STD

$FFA4

00790

BSR

MBLOCK

00800

LBRA

OUT

00810

SAVE

JSR

00820

JSR

RUM

00830

LDA

00840

STA

$6F

00850

LDX

#65456

00860

1ENU3

LDA

.X+

00870

JSR

[$A002]

00880

CMPX

#65472

00890

BNE

MENU3

00900

LDX

#32768

00910

1ENU4

BSR

GRAPH

00920

LDA

.X+

00930

BSR

BASIC

00940

JSR

[$A002]

00950

CMPX

#63488

00960

BLO

MENU4

00970

CLR

$6F

00980

RTS

00990

LOAD

LDX

#65456

01000

LDB

#16

01010

LDA

01020

STA

$6F

01030

^ENU5

JSR

$A176

01040

STA

.x+

01050

DECS

01060

BNE

MENU5

01070

LDX

#32768

01080

MENU6

BSR

BASIC

01090

TST

$70

01100

BNE

END

01110

JSR

$A176

01120

BSR

GRAPH

01130

STA

.x+

01140

BRA

MENU6

01150

END

CLR

$6F

01160

CLR

$70

01170

JSR

SUM

01180

JSR

01190

JSR

01200

RTS

01210

GRAPH

PSHS

01220

ORCC

#80

01230

LDD

#$3031

01240

STD

$FFA4

01250

LDD

#$3233

01260

STD

$FFA6

01270

PULS

D.PC

01280

BASIC

PSHS

01290

LDD

#$3C3D

01300

STD

$FFA4

01310

LDD

#$3E3F

01320

STD

$FFA6

01330

PULS

D.PC

01340

END

/PS

The Rainbow Bookshelf

The Rainbow Book of Simulations

20 award-winning entries from THE RAINBOW'S first Simulations contest.
The Second Rainbow Book of Simulations

The 16 Winners from our second Simulations contest.
The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9

Authors Dale Puckclt and Peter Dibble demonstrate OS-9's multitasking Sid multiuser features.
The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9 Level II Vol.1: A Beginners Guide to Windows

Puckelt and Dibble uncover the mysteries of the new windowing environment.
The First Rainbow Book of Adventures

Contains 14 winning programs from our first Adventure contest.
The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures

Featuring 24 of the most challenging Adventure games ever compiled.
The Third Rainbow Book of Adventures

The Excitement continues with 19 new Adventures.
The Fourth Book of Adventures

Fourteen fascinating new Adventures from the winners of our fourth Adventure competition.
A Full Turn of the Screw
The Rainbow Introductory Guide to Statistics

Dr. Michael Plog and Dr. Norman Sten/.el give a solid introduction to the realm of statistical

processes.

Name

Address
City.

State

J Payment Enclosed, or
3 VISA

Zip.

Charge to:
J MasterCard □ American Express

Account Number

Card Expiration Date

Signature

$A95'
$>9S"
$193(5

$>95"

S>95

§2036

$J3W3d
$47<9S~

$ 3.50 .
$ 3.50 _
$ 6.00 _
$ 4.95 .
$ 4.95 .
$ 4.95 _
S 8.95 \
$ 8.95.
$12.95.
$19.95.
S29.95

$^95
$,*9S
$.15:90
SJ35S
$J3i9S
$££90"
$J*S5
$^*9S
$1*35
$.2*96
S2&90

$.10:95

$^95
SJA9S
S28S6
§2*90

$_-fr95

$,SS5
$123(5

$19.95 .
$ 2.00 _
$ 2.00 .
$ 3.50.
$ 6.95 .
$ 6.95 .
$11.95.
$ 6.95.

J The Rainbow Book ot Simulations (lirst)
J Rainbow Simulations Tape (lirst)
3 First Simulations Package
J The Second Rainbow Book ot Simulations
J Second Rainbow Simulations Tape
U Second Rainbow Simulations Disk
II Second Simulations Package with Tape
_i Second Simulations Package with Disk
j The Complete Rainbow Guide to OS-9
3 Rainbow Guide lo OS-9 Disk Set (2 disks)
J Rainbow Guide to OS-9 Package
j The Windows & Applications Disk for
The Complete Rainbow Guide
to OS-9 Level II. Vol. I
j The Rainbow Book of Adventures (first)
J Rainbow Adventures Tape (first)
J First Adventure Package
J The Second Rainbow Book of Adventures
u Second Rainbow Adventures Tape
J Second Adventure Package
j The Third Rainbow Book ot Adventures
3 Third Adventures Tape
J Third Advenlures Disk Set (2 disks)
3 Third Adventure Package with Tape
J Third Adventure Package with Disk
J The Fourth Rainbow Book of Adventures
J Founh Adventures Tape
a Fourth Adventures Disk
□ Fourth Adventure Package with Tape
J Fourth Adventure Package with Disk
J A Full Turn ot the Screw
J Introductory Guide to Statistics
Li Guide to Statistics Tape or Disk (indicate choice)
j Guide to Statistics Package

(indicate choice of lape or disk)

Add $2 per book Shipping and Handling in U.S.

Outside U.S., add $4 per book

Kentucky residents add 6% sales tax

(Allow 6 to 8 weeks for delivery)

Mail to: Rainbow Bookshelf, The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059. To
order by phone {credit card orders only) call (800) 847-0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. For other
inquiries call (502) 228-4492.

Please note: Trie tapes and disks offered by The Rainbow Bookshelf are nol stand-alone products. That is. they are intended
to be an adjunct and complement to the books. Even if you buy the tape or disk, you will still need the appropriate book for loading
and operating instructions. OS-9 is a registered trademark of the Microware Systems Corporation.

S 6.95 .
$ 7.95 _
$11.95.
$12.95.
$ 7.95.
$ 6.95 _
$11.95.
$13.90.
$18.90.
$19.95.
$ 2.95.
$ 2.95.
S 4.95.

Total

THE RAINBOW October 1990

Why Don't You Buy a Computer For
BOTH Sides of Your Brain?

(A practical business side, an artistic graphics side. Two operating systems: MSDOS & UNIX Clone)
Many of you are now considering an alternative to the Color Computer to run OS/9. Are you really going
to invest in an untried alternative with very limited software? FAR less than 1% of existing software
programs run under OS/9. Why not buy a computer that will run a UNIX Compatible (OS/9 like) operating
system AND MS-DOS. According to published articles, this combination of industry-standard operating
systems would run more than 90% of ALL of the software that has EVER been written. We call these systems
theOWLAToms'" and they are headed by the computer of the 21st century the OWL2001. (A 64-bit monster)
On-site service available most areas.

UNIX ' ''4

OWL ATom™ ET

These highly adaptable computers we
call I he OWL ATom™ scries. They are not
newcomers lo the computer world, but are
the current versions of computers which
we have been building for more than (>
years. All systems can be configured with
your choice of hard drive, graphics
monitor, and 6 different processors. The
systems described here are typical of the
new versions of our line which offer 2
industry-standard operating systems.

For general features of our OWL
ATom including expansion capabilities,
check out the table below. Comparisons
are also given 10 several Tandy"' com-
puters. The resolution of the optional
VGA is also given.

Typical system components:

Processor: 80286 12 MHz

Floppy drive: 1.2 or 1.44 Meg

Memory: 1MB

Hard Drive: 40 MB, 28 ms.

Monitor: TTL Monochrome
(720X350)

MS-DOS Software:

MS-DOS (with all utilities)

GWBAStC

Integrated Software including:

Desktop Organizer with tracker

Oulliner

Word Processor

Spelling Checker

Spreadsheet

Data Base

Graphics program

Communications

UNIX Com patible Software:

Coherent™ (A UNIX Compatible

Operating System)
C Compilier
Full Screen Editor
Line Editor
Text Formaltor
AWK Language
Standard UNIX utilities
Documenta tion: Over 1500 pages
O ne of [h e best features is the price:

i|>l«5V5«) (This typical system).

FKATIRKS

OWI AT„m

2500 XI.*

1 0110 11.2*

Processor (Speed)

X.)2Xf>(12>

80286(10)

80286(8)

Total Slots

16 Bit Slots

Standard Memory

I024K

1024K

'.•4IIK

Max. on Board RAM

4U%k

I024K

768K

Crannies Oulptil

VOA

VGA

CO A

Max. KcsolulYun

1024X7fyj

640X480

640X200

Drive Slots

Hard Drive Interface

Yps(lrtRit)

Yes(l6Hil)

Ves(8 nil)

Hoppy Drive

1.2 or 1.44 M>m>

1.44 Meg

720K

Power Supply (Walls)

2nn

Wananly ( Paris and Ijibor)

1 Yrar —

90 Days

■-

90 Days

' trademarks as follows: Modi I numbers -Tandy Corporation. MS-DOS- Microsoft. Inc..
OS/') -MicroWarc. Inc.. UNIX- A I & T . Inc.

First year on-site service $45 (Most areas)
VGA Color (800X600X256 colors) $400.
Call 215-837-1917 for other options

OWL-
WARE

P.O.Box 116
Mertztown, PA

19539

Call to Order:

(800)245-6228

PA and Support:

(215)837-1917

Pro ven

On the Razor's Edge of

The New Frontier:

The Most Advanced Color Computer
Drive Systems Ever Offered!

Fast No-Halt SCSI Floppies Using Optiona
Proven Performance for Demanding Home or

This is [he most advanced, fully assem-
bclcd CoCo hard drive system offered.
Using the optional OMTI 52(H) SCSI
controller with our Hard Drive Inter-
lace, our new system will support
no-halt floppy drives. You need not wait
while typing or worry about clock lime
losses. Why be limited to 3 floppy
drives? A complete system could now
consist of 1-3 standard CoCo floppy
drives. 1-2 (or more) hard drives, and
1-2 no-hall floppies using standard (not
just CoCo) OS/9 formal. You can use

single or double-sided 4(1 or 80 track
drives with the SCSI no-halt controller.

There are several new features with this
improved interface. These include:

• Full SASI/SCSI compatible (this al-
lows many add-ons to the versatile
SCSI buss)

• No-Halt Floppies with optional SCSI
controller allows lull type-ahead
during access

• Low factory-direct prices

20 Meg. 40 Meg. 80 Meg.

System Prices: (Includes Hard Drive, case, & fan, SCSI Controller*,
LR/OWL Interface, Software. Fully assembled and tested.)

$495. $609. $875.

Super System Prices: (LR/OWL System as above but OMTI 5200
SCSI Controller AND 3.5" or 5.5" HD 80 Track Floppy in same case)

$615. $729. $1059.(2 cases)

*SCSI controller is OMTI 5100. Add $75 for OMTI 5200 with FDC.

Introducing the Qu'lCk-Link" Interface

Provides both a 64K Printer Buffer and Serial and Parallel Interfaces.

Serial to Parallel Printer Interface (64K Buffer) $65.

Converts serial computer output to parallel printer mid also provides a (UK buffer in front of the

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Drive System Parts

Hard Drives

20 Meg

ST225

S249.

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80 Meg

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SCSI Controllers

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OMTI 5400

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225.

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Cases and Cables

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Drives have a 1-year limited warranty.
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Easy Access

by Greg Law

Technical Editor

Developing your own programs
to manipulate files may
quickly lead you to discover
a minor nuisance. BAS1C09
does not allow you to open a
file that does not exist. Nor does it allow
you to create a file that already exists. This
may not be much of a nuisance except that
in BASIC09, like many dialects of BASIC,
error detection and correction require work-
arounds by the programmer. Unlike BASIC
on the CoCo 1 and 2, however, BASIC09
does offer some assistance.

Open Sesame

If you are quick on your feet, you may
see an advantage to this method of opening
and creating files. Because the OPEN com-
mand doesn't automatically create the file,
you can't accidentally create an empty file.
By the same token, you can't overwrite an
existing file without explicitly deleting the
existing file first.

Let' s study some examples to determine
the ramifications of all this. Assume we
need to open a file, but we do not know in
advance if the file exists. Our first option is
to open the file and abort with an error if the
file is not found. As you might guess, this
is usually not an acceptable solution. An
alternative is shown in Listing 1.

Immediately before attempting to open
the file, we use ON ERROR GOTO 10 to branch
to Line 10 if the file cannot be opened. The
first statement in Line 10 is ON ERROR. This
tells BASIC09 to abort the program if it
detects an error. The reason is that if BAS-
IC09 cannot open or create the file, it is
probably caused by a hardware error such

In addition to being OS-9 Online SIGop,
Greg Law enjoys programming on all types
of computers and has worked on systems
ranging from the CoCo to the Burroughs
B6700 super mainframe. He lives in Louis-
ville. Kentucky.

as a defective disk or an invalid filename.
In either of these cases there is nothing we
can do about it. Finally, the file is created
and control passes to the regular logic of the
program.

ecause the

OPEN command
doesn't auto-
matically create
the file, you can't
accidentally
create an
empty file.

If the file is successfully opened, the
error-correction logic is skipped by branch-
ing to Line 20. Enter the program and run it
twice to verify it works as advertised. When
run the first time, the program prints a line
to inform you that it created the file. The
second time the program prints a line to
inform you that it opened the file — unless
you deleted the test.dat file or swapped
disks.

Now let's assume we need to create a
file that does not have any information
stored in it. If the file already exists, it
should be deleted. One solution is shown in
Listing 2, which is similar to the first,
except we attempt to create the file first. If
an error is detected, we use the DELETE
command to delete the file and create it
again. In this case, we can make the pro-
gram shorter by attempting to delete the file
first. Examine Listing 3 to see how this is
done. Notice that Listing 3 continues into
the main logic of the program regardless of

whether or not the file is deleted. Here ON
ERROR GOTO 10 is used to continue program
execution if the file does not exist, instead
of trapping an error.

Random Length Files

A common problem you may run into is
the need to read a file that contains an
arbitrary number of records. For example,
in Listing 4 we use RND(IOO) to store a
random number of records into a file. The
actual number of records stored in the file
is between one and mo, depending on the
outcome of RND(IOO). and it is different
each time the program is run.

How can we determine the number of
records stored in the file? Perhaps the
simplest solution is to read each record
sequentially until an error is detected. This
solution, however, is impractical for most
applications. A better solution is to use the
EOF command, which returns TRUE if the
end of the file has been reached. As shown
inListing5,weuseWHILE N0T(E0F(#Path))
DO to read each record sequentially until
end-of-file is reached. Enter listings 4 and
5, and run both several times.

Although we are using a direct access
file, this technique works very well and is
the preferred solution with sequential ac-
cess files. But why read direct access files
sequentially? Sure, we could read all of the
records until we reach the end of the file and
count the number of records, but that's
time-consuming and a waste of effort. As
you recall, all records in a direct access file
are the same size. Doesn't it seem logical
that the file size could be used to tell us how
many records are stored in the file? Sure it
does! Once we know the file size, we can
divide it by the size of each record to obtain
the number of records stored in the file.
This technique, based on the SS . Si ze Get
Status call, is shown in Listing 6.

First we define the registers structure
needed by the SysCall module and the

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(616)399-9648

PLEASE CIRCLE

TAPE

DISK

I 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 39
10 IB 26 34 42 50 58 68 71 82 90

II 19 27 35 43 51 59 67 75 83 91

12 20 28 36 44 52 60 68 76 84 92

13 21 29 37 45 53 61 69 77 85 93

14 22 30 38 46 54 62 70 78 86 94

15 23 31 39 47 56 63 71 79 87 95

16 24 32 <0 48 56 64 72 80 88 96

Name

Address.
City

Card #.

State Zip .

Total $ .

structure of the records used in the data file.
According to the description of the SS . Si ze
Get Status call. Register A should be as-
signed the path number, and Register B
should be assigned the value of SS.SIze
($02). Next we assign the value of I SGetStt
(S8D) to CallCode and run SysCall. On
return. Register X contains the most
significant 16-bits of the file size, and

Register U contains the least significant 16-
bits. Therefore we multiply Regs . X by 65536
(2 16 ) and add Regs . U to get the actual file
size. To get the number of records stored in
the file, divide the file size by the size of
each record using the SIZE command. You
can use these results to validate each record
number requested from the file.

Anothercommon technique is to use the

first record in the file as a configuration
record. Instead of storing data, it is used to
store the number of records in the file and
other needed information. In our listings.
Rec .Number can be used to store the num-
ber of records in the file, and Rec . Name can
be blank (not used) or used to store some
other piece of information such as a user
password. □

OS-9

Listing 1: Open_Test

PROCEDURE Open_Test

0000 DIM Path:BYTE

0007

0008

000E

0021

0031

0035

0036 10

0063

0066

0079

008A

008B 20 (* Continue with the regular logic of the program.
*)

00C3 CLOSE //Path

00C9 END

ON ERROR GOTO 10

OPEN //Path. "test. dat":UPDATE

PRINT "File opened."

GOTO 20

(* Trap any possible errors from above. *)

ON ERROR

CREATE //Path. "test. dat":UPDATE

PRINT "File created."

Listing 2: Create_Test

PROCEDURE Create_Test

0000 DIM Path:BYTE

0007

0008

000E

0021

0032

0036

0037 10

0064

0067

0073

0086

00A3

00A4 20
program. *)

00DC CLOSE //Path

00E2 END

ON ERROR GOTO 10

CREATE #Path."test.dat":UPDATE
PRINT "File created."
GOTO 20

(* Trap any possible errors from above. *)

ON ERROR

DELETE "test.dat"

CREATE //Path, "test.dat": UPDATE

PRINT "File deleted and created."

(* Continue with the regular logic of the

Listing 3: Oelete_Test

PROCEDURE Delete_Test

0000

DIM PathrBYTE

0007

0008

ON ERROR GOTO 10

000E

DELETE "test.dat"

001A

PRINT "File deleted."

002B

002C 10

ON ERROR

0032

0033

CREATE //Path. "test. dat":UPDATE

0046

PRINT "File created."

0057

CLOSE //Path

005D

END

Listing 4: Create_F1le

PROCEDURE Create_F11e

0000 TYPE Record-Name:STRING[15]: NumberrlNTEGER
0016

0017
0020
0027
002E
0035
0036
003C
0048
0059
005A
0060
0073
0086
0090
00AB
00AC
00BD
00C9
00D3
00DE

DIM Rec: Record
DIM Path:BYTE
DIM Count:INTEGER
DIM High:INTEGER

ON ERROR GOTO 10
DELETE "test .dat"
PRINT "File deleted."

10 ON ERROR

CREATE //Path. "test. dat": UPDATE
Rec. Name :-"Record it"

H1gh:-RND(100)

PRINT "Adding ": High: " records.

FOR Count:-l TO High

Rec . Number : -Count

PUT //Path. Rec
NEXT Count

Listing 5: ReacLFile

PROCEDURE Read^Flle
0000
0016
0017
0020
0027
0028
003B
003C
0047
0051
0055
0056
006 F
0075

TYPE Record-Name:STRING[15]: Number : INTEGER

DIM Rec: Record
DIM Path:BYTE

OPEN //Path. "test. dat":UPOATE

WHILE NOT(EOF(//Path)) DO

GET //Path. Rec

ENDWHILE

PRINT Rec. Number:
CLOSE //Path
END

records read.'

Listing 6: Records

PROCEDURE
0000
0025
003B
003C
0045
004 E
0055
00SC
0063
006A
006B
007E
007F
008B
00A4
00BA
00C9
00CA
00E5
00F5

"i NumRec

012D
0133

Records
TYPE Reg1sters-CC.A.B.DP:BYTE; X.Y .U: INTEGER
TYPE Record-Name:STRING[15]: Number: INTEGER

DIM Regs: Registers
DIM Rec:Record
DIM Path:BYTE
DIM CallCode:BYTE
DIM NumRecs: INTEGER
DIM FileSize:REAL

OPEN //Path. "test. dat":UPDATE

Regs. A: -Path

Regs.B:-$02 \(* SS.SIze *)
CallCode:-J8D \(* IJGetStt *)
RUN SysCall (CallCode. Regs)

F1leSize:-Regs.X*65536.+Regs.U

NumRecs :-FileSize/ SIZE (Rec)
PRINT "The file contains ": FlleSize:
s : " records."

CLOSE //Path

END

bytes and

/«\

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October 1990

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IMlfJail WiUHIIII'iil H vou warn to store multiple Hi-Res Grannies sr.-eers in

h(-f:^^-f:Vi[Hl l' you need -ore memory 'or Basic srogram lines, Ihis Tutorial will

show vol now to store and execute them from anywhere in memory; and how to chain in
any number of program modules from disk without erasing variables. Includes Disk with
7 basic enabling subs and a demo program For any CoCo with 64K or more. Doesn't
replace "Big Basic' Only $8.95 U.S. or $10.50 CDN. .$2.50 S&H (Add 8% PST in Onl)

CoCo3 memory for instant recall, this Tutorial is for you. Load/Save graphics screens
to memory from disk Instantly switch them into your program Max capacity is
HSCREENS 1 & 3 : 512K = 27 ; i28K = 3 . HSCREENS 2 & 4: 512K = 13 . 128K =1
Has Disk 8 Demo. Only $8.95 U.S. or $1 0.50 CDN. + $2.50 S&H (Add 8% PST in Ont.

UTILITIES PACKAGE"

"MEMORY MASTER"

riA

OUR FAVORITE PROGRAMMING TOOL

"Memory Master \s a unique hacker's program

offering about all you could ask for in a disk and

memory utility." - Rainbow, Sept./89.

Scan, Edit, Copy, Printout any memory in your computer or on disk. Fix
disks. Restore killed files.
Fast entry of Ml. Listings.
Dual Windows! Runs 2 Basic Programs at once!
Disk chains unlimited amounts of program sections or data.
Includes Demo Program and Manual.
Any CoCo (at least 64K) with 1.1 or 2.1 Disk Extended Basic.
Only $24.95 U.S. or $28.95 CDN. + $2.50 S&H (Add 8% PST in Ont.)

ACCESS BOTH SIDES OF YOUR DRIVES
"Must - have software for the disk user"

- Rainbow, Nov. /89.

Makes computer see double-sided drives
as one 360K (80tk) drive; 158 granules.

Sets drives for 40 tracks each side.

Formats 40 tracks on each side of a disk

without disturbing the first 35.

Doubles all your present storage.

Sets fast drive stepping rate.

Fast drive shut off.

Sets line spacing for printouts.

All are Machine Language Running in Background

For any CoCo (at least 64K) with 1 .1 or 2.1 Disk Extended Basic

Only $1 7.95 U.S. or $20.85 CDN. + $2.50 S&H (Add 8% PST in Ont.)

"BIG DISK"

"DOUBLE40"
"CONVERT/DISK"

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of Text -To 480K of Text Storage • Sorts Text • Numbering • Indenting

• Calculator • Tasks • Headers • Foolers • Paging • Finds • Case Reversal

• Help Screens • Preview "WYSIWYG" • Many More Features.

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Will hold a customer list ol more than 5000 in memory for quick recall or editing.
"Significantly Better? Mais Oui! " - Rainbow, Feb., 1990

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Includes extensive, well indexed Manual, with Tutorials.

128k or 512k CoCo3. Any disk version RS - DOS.

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Need more info? See the Rainbow Reviews of these Programs.

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Wishing Well

Between Numbers

by Fred B. Scerbo
Contributing Editor

If you have an idea for the "Wishing
Well," submit it to Fred tip the rain-
bow. Remember, keep your ideas spe-
cific , and don' t forget this is basic. A U
programs resulting from your wishes
are for your use, but remain the prop-
erty of the author

The Shell

Without going into great detail as to the
format this program uses, you may recog-
nize it has the BASIC shell introduced in the
program Opposites. Although the shell has
undergone some modifications in recent
issues, the concept still remains the same.

A few months ago I presented
In-Between, a program de-
signed to help youngsters de-
termine how to put letters in
alphabetical order. This
month I drop the other shoe by offering you
In-Between 2, a program to help a pres-
chooler or early elementary student learn
number placement with numbers from one
to 10.

As with all recent early childhood pro-
grams I have written. In-Between 2 is de-
signed to work with a minimum of input
from the keyboard, using only the space bar
and ENTER key. I have found this method to
be most successful with very young chil-
dren because it lets the child concentrate on
the material being presented on the screen
rather than having them toil over the loca-
tion of the correct answer on the keyboard.
This may not seem like a big thing, but it
can make a very big difference in the speed
and the ease with which children under the
age of six use the program. I like to think the
program is kid friendly.

Fred Scerbo is a special needs instructor
for the North Adams Public Schools in
North Adams. Massachusetts. He holds a
master's in education and has published
some of the first software available for the
Color Computer through his software firm .
Illustrated Memory Banks.

he main

objective is to
teach number
relationships by
having the user
select a number
that goes in-
between a set
of given
numbers.

Only the graphics, which can be time-
consuming to create, differ from program
to program.

One good point is that you don't have to
create the graphics; I've done that for you.
You only need to type in the program as
listed or load it from a RAINBOW ON TAPE or
RAINBOW ON DISK.

The main objective of In-Between 2 is to
teach number relationships by having the
user select a number that goes in-between a
set of given numbers. While I could go into
some interesting possibilities with other

number sets, for the present I deal with only
the numbers one through 10.

While using In-Between 2, the student
sees a graphics portrayal of each number in
a large, chunky style. These are not just
stick numbers but nice thick drawings that
a young child can visually understand.

The review section of the program lets
the student count through the numbers
shown on the screen by pressing enter.
This section is chosen by selecting A from
the menu.

Sections B and C quiz the student on the
material. The difference between the two
choices is that one lets you match the number,
while the other lets you match the blank.

The student advances to the correct choice
by pressing the space bar until the correct
picture is surrounded by the flashing cur-
sor. There is no need to worry if the student
passes the right answer. By pressing the
space bar several times, the right answer
can be selected again. When the student has
the desired answer, he must press ENTER to
record the answer. The screen clears and
the correct match is shown again. Pressing
ENTER brings up the next screen.

As always, pressing @ brings up the
scorecard early. Pressing C on the score-
card lets the student continue. A new try
can be run by pressing Y.

Conclusion

Judging from reader mail, this format
still seems to be one of the best ways to
convey new material to young users. If you
stop to think about it. the possibilities for
educational material are almost unlimited.
(Just think, we've done music, numbers,
letters, opposite concepts, etc.)

If you have an idea for this format, drop
me a line. I am always looking for new
ways to use this concept.

Next month we'll use graphics as an aid
in learning the 50 states. □

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

... • :,' .' . '". '"

25 9

55 . ........ 14

80 6

130 .59

180'.. 212

245 „ 219

295 138

335 132

370 ..142

395 8

415 178

435 69

455 223

475 158

END 37

The Listing: BETWEEN2

2 REM* IN-BETWEEN VOL.2 *

4 REM* BY FRED B. SCERBO *

5 REM* 60 HARDING AVENUE *

6 REM* NORTH ADAMS. MA 01247 *

7 REM***************************
10 CLEAR3000

15 CLS0:PRINTSTRING$(32.188);STR

ING$(32.204);:FORI-1TO160:READA:

PRINTCHR$(A+144)::NEXT

20 PRINTSTRING$(32.195);STRING$(

32.179);

25 DATA93.88.93.80.93.88.16.45.4

4.44.34.45.44.45.37.44.45.44.45.

37. 40.. 45. 36. 46. 45. 36. 46. 45. 37. 3

2.37

30 DATA85..85.89.85...37...42.37

..33. 36.. 37.. 36, 37... 37. .42.33..

42.33.37.41.37

35 DATA85. .85.80.93. .28.37.44.44

.34.37.44.45.. .37... 37.. 34. 37. .4

6.45. .46.45.37.32.45

40 DATA85..85..85...37...42.37..

32... 37... 37.. 42. 37.. 42. 32. .42..

37. .37

45 DATA87.82.87.82.87.82..39.35.
34. 40. 39. 35. 39... 39. 34.. 37. 35. 43
.39. 33. 43. 39. 33. 43. 39. 37. .37

50 PRINT@358." AN INTRODUCTION T
": :PRINT@390." SEQUENCE IN NU
MBERS ";
55 PRINT@422.'

"::PRINT@454.'
1990 ":
60 X$-INKEY$:IFX$OCHR$(13)THEN6

3Y FRED B. SCERBO
COPYRIGHT (C)

65 DIM P$(10.2).A$(6).B$(10).C$(

10).A(10).N(10).B(4).C(4).D(4).E

(4),F(4).AOU0)

70 F0RI-1T03:READ C( I ) .D( I ) .E( I )

.F(I):NEXT:F0RI-1T06:READA$(I):N

EXT:FORI-1TO10:READP$(I.1).P$(I.

2):NEXT

75 COLOR1.0

80 CLS : PRINT : PR I NTSTRI NG$ ( 32."-"

);:PRINT@102."AN INTRODUCTION TO

":PRINT@134. "SEQUENCE IN NUMBERS

PI'FILEMTPS

EEEOEF

October 6, 1990—11 A.M. to 6 P.M. October 7, 1990— 10 A.M. to 4 P.M.

Holiday Inn Northlake (Off 1-285)

Exhibits and demonstrations (and special show prices) from leading CoCo vendors
such as Microcom. Second City Software. Burke & Burke. Gimmesoft, T & D, Zebra,
CoCoPROI. and MANY others! A GREAT opportunity to "try before you buy" those
items you have had your eyes on!

Introductions of striking NEW products, such as the long-awaited MM-1 from KLE/
IMS. and several SURPRISE introductions from other vendors!

Free chances to win valuable door prizes, courtesy of participating vendors and the
Atlanta Computer Society! Grand prize - a BRAND NEW MM/1 U

Fellowship and fun with thousands of CoCo enthusiasts JUST LIKE YOURSELFI

Free, informative seminars conducted by leading CoCo experts, such as Chris Burke.
Kevin Darling, Art Flexser, and others... along with several SURPRISE guests!

The opportunity to turn unused/unwanted CoCo soft- and hardware into CASHI

Tickets lor the Atlanta CoCoFEST are available NOW at a special advance price of $ 1 lor one day. $ 1 5 lor both
days. Onsite hotel lodging available at $4°/nite + tax. single or double. To receive the special room rate, your
reservation MUST be placed through CoCoPROI

For tickets, hotel reservations, or lurther information, contact us at CoCoPRO! -(3 1 3)-48 1-DAVE (3283) 1-8 P.M..
7 days. Modem users may place ticket/room orders using VISA or MC, by calling our BBS at 313-663-6207
(3 lines, 7-E-1.3-1200 on all lines).

PRO!

1334 BYRON YPSILANT1, Ml 48198
(313) 481-DAVE (3283)

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

":PRINT@199."A) REVIEW NUMBERS":

PRINT@263."B) QUIZ SPACES" : PRINT

0327. "O QUIZ NUMBERS"

85 PRINT§388."<«SELECT YOUR CHO

ICE>»"

90 PRINT:PRINTSTRING$(32."-");

95 X$-INKEY$:X-RND(-TIMER):IFX$-

"A"THEN350ELSEIFX$-"B"THEN100ELS

EIFX$-"C"THEN480ELSE95

100 CLS0:PMODE0.1:PCLS1

105 LINE(0.0)-(254. 170). PRESET. B

110 LINE(6.4)-(122. 82). PRESET. BF

115 LINE(128.4)-<248. 82). PRESET.

120 LINE(6.86)-(122. 164). PRESET.

125 LINE(128.86)-(248.164).PRESE

T.B

130 DRAWBM26 . 188C0NU10R10NU10BR

6R10U6L10U4R10BR6NR10D4NR10D6R10

BR12BU6NE4D2F4BR6R10U6L10U4R10BR

6ND10R10D4NL10BR6NR10D6U10R10D10

BR6NR10U10R10BR6NR10D4NR10D6R10B

R10U10NL4R10O4NL10D6NL14BR6U10R1

0D4NL10D6BR6U10R10D4L10R4F6BR6E4

U2H4"

135 DATA130.6.246.80.6.86.120.16

2.130.86.246.162

140 PAINT(2.2).0.0:PCOPY1TO3

145 PMOOE0.4:PCLS1

150 LINE(0.0)-(254. 170). PRESET. B

155 LINE(8.6)-(120.80).PSET.BF

160 PCOPY4TO2:PMODE0.1:SCREEN1.1

165 DATA"S4BM2.8C1"."S4BM130.8C0

••.••S4BM2.90C0"."S4BM130.90C0"."S

4BM2 . 48C0" . "S4BM130 . 48C0"

170 FORI-1TO10

175 A(I)-RND(10):IFN(A(I))-1THEN

175

180 N(A(I))-1:NEXTI:FORY-1TO10:C

OLOR1.0

185 FORI-2T04

190 B(I)-RND(3)+1:IFN(B(I))-0THE

N190

195 N(B(I))-0:NEXTI:FORI-1TO4:N(

I)-1:NEXT

200 B-RND(10):IFB-A((Y))THEN200

205 C-RNO(10):IFC-B OR C-A((Y))T

HEN205

210 DRAW A$(l):DRAWP$(A(Y).l)

215 DRAW A$(B(2)):DRAWP$(B.2)

220 DRAW A$(B(3)):DRAWP$(C.2)

225 DRAW A$(B(4)):DRAWP$(A(Y),2)

230 COLOR1.0

235 Z-0

240 PMODE0.4

245 DRAW A$(1)+"C0":DRAWP$(A(Y).

250 DRAW A$(B(2))+"C1":DRAWP$(B.

255 DRAW A$(B(3))+"C1":DRAWP$(C.

260 DRAW A$(B(4))+"C1":DRAWP$(A(

Y).2)

265 PMODE0.1:SCREEN1.1

270 LINE(8.6)-(120.80).PSET.B

275 X$-INKEY$:IFX$-" "THEN285ELS

EIFX$-"@"THEN490

280 COLOR1.0:LINE(8.6)-(120.80).

PRESET. B:GOTO270

285 Z-Z+l : IFZ-4THENZ-1

290 COLOR1.0:LINE(C(Z).D(Z))-(E(

Z).F(Z)).PSET.B

295 X$-INKEY$:IFX$-" "THEN285ELS

EIFX$-CHR$(13)THEN305ELSEIFX$-"@

"THEN490

300 COLOR1.0:LINE(C(Z).D(Z))-(E(

Z).F(Z)). PRESET. B:GOTO290

305 IFZ+1-B(4)THEN315

310 NW-NW+1:FORK-1TO5:PMODE0.4:S

CREEN1.1:SOUND10.3:PMOOE0.1:SCRE

EN1.1:SOUND1.3:NEXTK:GOTO290

315 NC-NC+1:PMODE0.4:PCLS1:LINE(

0.40)-(256.126).PRESET.B:LINE(6.

44)-( 124.122) .PRESET.B: LINEC130.

44) -(248. 122). PRESET. B:PAINT( 2.4

2). 0.0

320 DRAW A$(5):DRAWP$(A(Y).l)

325 DRAW AJ(6):DRAWP$(A(Y).2)

330 SCREEN1.1

335 X$-INKEY$:IFX$OCHR$(13)THEN

335

340 PMODE0.1

345 PC0PY3T01:SCREEN1.1:PC0PY2T0

4:NEXTY:GOTO490

350 PMODE0.2:PCLS1:SCREEN1.1:LIN

EC0.40)- (256. 126). PRESET. B:LINE(

6.44)-(124.122).PRESET.B:LINE(13

0.44)-(248.122).PRESET.B:PAINT(2

.42). 0.0

355 FORI-1TO10:DRAW A$(5):DRAWP$

(1.1)

360 DRAW A$(6):DRAWP$(I.2)

365 X$-INKEY$:IFX$OCHR$(13)THEN

365

370 COLOR1.0:LINE(8.46)-(122.120

).PSET.BF:LINE( 132.46) -(246. 120)

,PSET.BF:NEXTI

375 RUN

380 DATA"BR56BD44R16U6L4U26L8G8D

2R6D16L4D6BD10BL10D10R10U10NL10B

R6ND10F10NU10BR6NR6U6NR6U4R6"

385 DATA"BR22BD50H4U24E4R20F4D24

G4NL20BH6U18L8D18R8BG6BR10R4BR4R

4BR4R4BR4R4BR6R28U12L6D4L14U4E4R

10E4U8H4L18G4D4R6E2R8F2D2L10G8D1

390 DATA"BR48BD44R28U12L6D4L14U4

E4R10E4U8H4L18G4O4R6E2R8F2D2L10G

8D12BD12BL6NL6NR6D10BR12NU10R6NU

10R6U10BR6R10D10L10U10"

395 DATA"BR22BD50R16U6L4U26L8G8D

2R6D16L4D6BR24R4BR4R4BR4R4BR4R4B

R26BU16E4U8H4L18G4D4R6E2R8F2D4L1

0G4F4R10D4G2L8H2L6D4F4R18E4U8H2"

400 DATA"BR70BD28E4U8H4L18G4D4R6

E2R8F2D4L10G4F4R10D4G2L8H2L6D4F4

R18E4U8H2BL48BD24R6ND10R6BR6D10U

6R10U4D10BR6U10R10D4L10R4F6BR6NR

10U6NR10U4R10BR6NR10D4NR10D6R10"

405 DATA"BR18BD50R28U12L6D4L14U4

E4R10E4U8H4L18G4D4R6E2R8F2D2L10G

8D14BR34R4BR4R4BR4R4BR4R4BR16BU1

8NR8U14L8D14L10U14L8D22R18D10R8U

10R8U8"

410 DATA"BR74BD28NR8U14L8D14L10U

14L8D22R18D8R8U8R8U8BD24BL48NR10

D4NR10D6BR16U10R10D10NL10BR6NU10

R10NU10BR6U10R10D4L10R4F6"

415 DATA"BR38BD34E4U8H4L18G4D4R6

E2R8F2D4L10G4F4R10D4G2L8H2L6D4F4

R18E4U8H2BD14BR4R4BR4R4BR4R4BR4R

4BR4BU32R30D6L22D8R18F4D10G4L24H

2U4R20U6L20U18"

420 DATA"BR46BD14R30D8L22D6R18F4

D8G4L24H2U4R20U4L20U18BD36BL12NR

10D4NR10D6BR16NU10BR12H4U6BR8D6G

4BR12NR10U6NR10U4R10"

425 DATA"BR38BD32NR8U14L8D14L10U

14L8D22R18D10R8U10R8NU8BO10BL4R4

BR4R4BR4R4BR4R4BR6BU32R30D8L22D8

R18F4D8G4L24H2NUi8BE4BR4R14U4L14

D4"

430 DATA"BR46BD14R30D8L22D6R18F4

D8G4L24H2NU26BE4BR4R14U4L14D4BD1

4BL12NR10D4R10D6NL10BR8NU10BR8E6

NH4NE4F6"

435 DATA"BR16BD18R30D6L22D8R18F4

D10G4L24H2U4R20U6L20U18BO30BR32R

4BR4R4BR4R4BR4R4BU32R30D8M-12.+2

4L12M+12.-24L20U8"

440 DATA"BR46BD14R30D8M-12.+22L1

2M+12.-22L20U8BD38BL8L10D4R10D6N

L10BR6NR10U6NR10U4R10BR6D6F4E4U6

BR6NR10D4NR10D6R10BR6U10F10U10"

445 DATA"BR16BD18R30D8L22D8R18F4

D8G4L24H2NU28BE4BR4R14U4L14D4BD6

BR16R4BR4R4BR4R4BR4R4BR6BU32R26F

4D8G4F408G4L26H4U8E4H4U8E4BD6BR4

R18D6L18U6BD14R18D6L18U6"

450 DATA"BR50BD14R26F4D6G4F4D8G4

L26H4U8E4H4U6E4BD4BR4R18D6L18U6B

D14R18D6L18U6BD20BL24NR10D4NR10D

6R10BR6U10BR6NR10D10R10U6NL6BR6N

U4ND6R10D6U10BR6R6ND10R6"

455 DATA"BR14BD18R30D8M-12.+24L1

2M+12.-24L20U8BD32BR32NL4BR4R4BR

4R4BR4R4BR6BU32R26F4D24G4L26H4U2

R26U10L22H4U8E2BD4BR6R18D4L18U4"

460 DATA"BR50BD14R26F4D22G4L26H4

U2R26U8L22H4U8E2BD4BR6R18D4L18U4

BD32BL14ND10F10U10BR6D10BR6U10F1

0U10BR6NR10D4NR10D6R10"

465 DATA"BR12BD18R26F4D8G4F4D8G4

L26H4U8E4H4U8E4BD6BR4R18D6L18U6B

D14R18D6L18NU6BD6BR28R4BR4R4BR6R

16U6L4U26L8G8D2R6D16L4D6BR30H4U2

4E4R20F4D24G4L20BU6BR4R12U20L12D

20"

470 DATA"BR36BD44R16U6L4U26L8G8D

2R6D16L4D6BR30H4U24E4R20F4D24G4L

20BU6BR4R12U20L12D20BD14BL30R6ND

10R6BR6NR10D4NR10D6R10BR6U10F10U

10"

475 DATA"BR14BD18R26F4D24G4L26H4

U2R26U10L22H4U8E2BD4BR6R18D4L18U

4BD26BR28R4BR4R4BR6R16U6L4U26L8G

8D2R6D16L4D6BR26R16U6L4U26L8G8D2

R6D16L4D6"

480 CLS0:FORI-1TO10:TEM$-P$(I,1)

:P$(I.1)-P$(I.2):P$(I.2)-TEMS:NE

485 GOTO100

490 CLS:PRINT@101."YOU TRIED"NC+

NWTIMES &":PRINT@165. "ANSWERED"

NC"CORRECTLY"

495 PRINT@229. "WHILE DOING"NW"WR

ONG."

500 NQ-NC+NW:IF NQ-0THEN NQ-1

505 MS-INT(NC/NQ*100)

510 PRINT@293."Y0UR SCORE IS"MS"

%."

515 PRINT@357. "ANOTHER TRY (Y/N/

C) ?":

520 X$-INKEY$:IFX$-"Y"THEN RUN

525 IFX$-"N"THENCLS:END

530 IFX$-"C"THEN265

535 GOTO520

THE RAINBOW

October 1 990

Novices Niche

Game Utility CoCo 3

A Winning Combo

by Bill Bernico

Have you ever wanted to play a game
but couldn't find a pair of dice? Or maybe
you've created a game program and are
looking for some onscreen dice. Let CoCo
help in your quest. Dice is a short pro-
gram that draws a pair of dice on the
CoCo 3's high resolution screen. To roll
the dice, just press a key.

Dice uses the RND function to select
two numbers between 1 and 6 to be
displayed as dots on the faces of the dice.
Since the H DRAW command is used to draw
the dice, you can incorporate the routine

into your own program and use the scale
subcommand to scale the dice to the
desired size.

The Listing: DICE

1 'DICE ROUTINE BY BILL BERNICO

2 ATTR0.0:HSCREEN2:HCLS4:HCOLOR8
,4:DT$-"RDLU2R2D3L3U3F":DI$-"BL4
BUR22D22L22U22E5R22NG5D22NG5U22L
22G5BF3":B-RND(6):HDRAW'BM112.94
"+0 1 $ : Z-B : G0SUB4 : C-RND( 6 ) : HDRAW"
BM152 . 94"+DI $ : Z-C : G0SUB4 : T-B+C : H
PRINK 11. 8). "YOU R0LLED"+STR$(T)

:HPRINT(13.16)."HIT A KEY

3 EXEC44539:G0T0 2

4 IF Z-1THENHDRAW"BR7BD8"+DT$

5 IF Z-2THENHDRAW"BR2BD2"+DT$+"B
R10BD12"+DT$

6 IF Z-3THENHDRAW"BR2BD2"+DT$+"B
R5BD6"+DT$+"BR5BD6"+DT$

7 IF Z-4THENHDRAW"BR2BD2"+DT$+"B
R10BD12"+DT$+"BU12"+DT$+"BD128L1
0"+DT$

8 IF Z-5THENHDRAW"BR2BD2"+DT$+"B
R10BD12"+DT$+"8U12"+DT$+"BD12BL1
0"+DT$+"BU6BR5"+DT$

9 I FZ-6THENHDRAW"BR2BD2"+DT$+"BD
6"+DT$+"BD6"+DT$+"BR10"+DT$+"BU6
"+DT$+"BU6"+DT$:RETURNELSERETURN

Graphics CoCo 3

Hi-Res Input Editor

by Bill Bernico

Input 3 demonstrates a programming
routine that allows graphics-screen input
and backspacing. With this routine, you
can build your own BASIC programs in
which users can enter and edit their re-
sponses on the Hi-Res graphics screens.
Run INPUT3 to see how it works. The
input and backspace subroutine is in lines
5 through 1 1 and is called in Line 3.

The Listing: INPUT3

1 'INPUT TEXT 3 BY BILL BERNICO

2 RGB:HSCREEN2:HCLS4:HC0L0R8,4:H
PRINT(5.2)."C0C0 3 TEXT INPUT R0
UTINE":HPRINT( 7. 4). "(BACKSPACE T
ERASE)":HCIRCLE(80.65).20:HDRA
WBM130.47R35D35L35U35BR90G35R70
H35":HPAINT(80.65).6.8:HPAINT(13
5.48).3.8:HPAINT(235.70).2.8

3 HPRINT(5.13)."NAME:":Z$-"":G0S
UB5:HPRINT(2.21)."IS "+Z$+" CORR
ECT? (Y/N)

4 X$-INKEY$:IFX$-"Y"THEN13ELSEIF
X$-"N"THEN2ELSE4

5 HLINE(80.103)-(320. 111). PRESET
.BF:Z$-"":X-10

6 Y$-INKEY$:IFY$-""THEN6

7 IFY$-CHR$(13)THENRETURN

8 IFY$-CHR$(8)AND LEN(Z$)>0THENZ
$-LEFT$(Z$.LEN(Z$)-l):HC0L0R4.4:
HLINE((X*8)-8.95)-(X*8.111).PRES
ET.BF:HC0L0R8.4:X-X-1:G0T06

9 Z$-Z$+Y$

10 HPRINT(X.13).Y$:X-X+1

11 IFLEN(Z$)>30THENRETURN

12 G0T06

13 CLS:PRINT"N0W WORK IT INTO Y0
UR PROGRAM!": END

/«\

Signs, Banners & Greeting Cards Labels with Text & Graphics

Coco Graphics Designer Plus $29.95 Label Designer $34.95

Zebra Systems, Inc., 121 S. Burrowes Street, State College PA 16801 (814) 237-2652

The CGDP and La-
bel Designer require
a 64K CoCo II or 3
with a disk drive and
mouse or joystick.
Many popular print-
ers are supported.
Consult previous ads
or call Zebra.
Include S3 Shipping
plus S3 more for
CODs. VISA/MC
accepted. PA resi-
dents add sales tax.

October 1990 THE RAINBOW

Barden's Buffer

Programming Structure

by William Barden, Jr.
Contributing Editor

Basic, as a built-in operating
system in your CoCo 1 , 2 or 3 is
different from BASIC09 used
under OS-9. For one thing, Ex-
tended Color BASIC and Disk
basic were developed by Microsoft, while
BASIC09 was developed by Microware. It
would have been difficult for Microware to
develop a BASIC identical to Microsoft's
Extended Color basic because of the de-
sign of OS-9, the operating system under
which BASIC09 runs. Also, aside from
making it easy to switch between the two
BASICS, it wouldn't necessarily be desir-
able, since BASIC09 offers some powerful
features. BASIC09 is somewhat harder to use
than Extended basic, but it is faster, it is a
structured language, and certain aspects of
it are more powerful.

Just to clear the air, BASIC09 does have
its disadvantages as well. First, you must
work under OS-9 to use it. Fortunately,
running BASIC09 is probably the easiest
thing to do under OS-9, and it's worth the
effort. Secondly. BASIC09 is not as interac-
tive as the Microsoft basics on the CoCo.
BASIC09 is harder for a beginner to use,
although OS-9 aficionados might disagree.
It's worthwhile, however, to take a long
look at BASIC09 just on the basis of its
benefits. There's no question that BASIC09
is about three to 10 times faster than Ex-
tended or Disk basic on the CoCos, so I
won't belabor that point. I'll talk instead
about the basic structured philosophy of
BASIC09 and why that's important. In the

Bill Barden has written 35 books and hun-
dreds of magazine articles about small
computers . His newest Color Computer
project. Connecting the CoCo to the Real
World, is a book of CoCo interfacing proj-
ects. He has over 20 years experience in the
industry on systems ranging from main-
frames to micros.

course of investigating that question, I'll
uncover some of the powerful aspects of
BASIC09.

t's worth-
while to
take a long
look at
BASIC09 just
on the basis
of its
benefits.

Spaghetti Code

BASIC has a reputation of resulting in
spaghetti code, that is, a tangled mess of
interwoven strands of computer pasta.
Statements in typical programs aren't exe-
cuted in sequence from beginning to end,
but rather as a series of GOTO ' s that take you
every which way through the code. Typical
basic programs are hard to follow with all
of their loops, nooks and crannies.

Spaghetti code programs are hard to
maintain and debug. Even the programmer
who writes such a program will find it
difficult to decipher when he or she pulls it
out of a drawer six months after using it.
Because of the huge amounts of money
spent in industry on program maintenance
(about 90 percent of the total cost of pro-
gramming projects), a great deal of effort
was expended to develop structured pro-

gramming languages to eliminate such
convoluted programs. The result is Pascal,
C, Ada and structured BASIC languages,
among others. BASIC09 fits into the structured
basic niche.

Structured languages are much easier to
understand because of the way they are
written and printed. Although they tend to
be verbose — lots of words, white space
and print formatting — they are definitely
in. No self-respecting college teaches
spaghetti BASIC in their computer science
curriculum — it's all structured. Industry
hires many programmers who write in struc-
tured languages. New languages such as
Modula-2 are designed along structured
lines. .

Structured-Language Elements

Although you won't find this as gospel
in courses about structured programming.
"Barden's Buffer" maintains there are five
elements of structured languages. I'll list
them, explain them, and show you some
examples in BASIC09. First the list. BASIC09
and other structured languages:

• generally don't use line-numbered

statements.

• are modular.

• use several types of loops.

• use local variables.

• use data types.

Line Numbers

It's impossible to write a program with-
out line numbers in Extended BASIC, but in
BASIC09, it's the usual case. Although line
numbers can be used optionally, most bas-
IC09 programs do not use them. Think about
it. Line numbers in Extended basic are
used as place markers for GOTOs and GOSUBs.
You can still use GOTOs and GOSUBs in
BASIC09, but most of the code flows from
beginning to end with loops in the middle.
An Extended BASIC loop doesn't need line

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

numbers. There's a loop control variable
that controls the loop instead. For example :

100 FOR 1-1 TO 100
110 IF ACIX100 THEN
) ELSE T2-T2 + A(I)
120 NEXT I

Tl-Tl + AC I

In BASIC09 this would be written in much
the same way but with more indentations
and physical structure:

FOR 1:-1 TO 100
IF a(i)<100 THEN
tl-tl + a(i)
ELSE
t2-t2 + ad)
ENDIF
NEXT i

How do you call a subroutine or get back
to different points in a program without line
numbers'? Subroutines are generally writ-
ten as their own procedures in BAS1C09 —

separate programs that are given their own
names. They're called by this name as well.
Instead of using a G0SUB 10000 statement,
you might use a RUN Total (t2) instead.
(Naming subroutines makes their functions
a lot more understandable.) As far as get-
ting back to a point in a program, you'd
normally want to do this for a loop condi-
tion. Structured languages force you to
recognize that loop and use one of several
types of loop control structures, which I'll
talk about in a moment. As a matter of fact,
the whole concept of spaghetti code is
blamed on licentious use of GOTOs. In a
classic letter to a computer science maga-
zine, E. W. Dijkstra deemed GOTOs "harm-
ful" and started the whole controversy over
spaghetti code, so you won't see too many
GOTOs in structured programs, although many
languages begrudgingly allow them.

Modularity

Extended and Disk BASIC programs are
one humongous program. Programs in BAS-

IC09 and other structured languages tend to
be collections of modules. A module is a
collection of basic code that performs a
certain function — adding the elements in
an array, printing a record in a particular
format, or inserting a record in a list, for
example. There's no limit to the number of
lines of code that can be used, but most
modules are less than 100 lines or so. Unlike
Extended and Disk BASIC, BASIC09 mod-
ules are entered at the beginning and exited
at the end. In spaghetti code, of course, you
can break out of code and GOTO any place in
the program, or enter code in the middle of
a routine.

These BASIC09 modules are called pro-
cedures and are given names. A large pro-
gram would have several procedures with
many different RUN statements to call them.
A BASIC09 program to read a mailing list
entry, search an existing mailing list for the
entry to eliminate duplicates, insert the
entry, and then print the entry might look
like this:

SUPER BACKUP UTILITIES

« Requires ainiauB MK «
« Copies either standard or 0S-9 disks

* Does not abort on errors; allows sou to copy

disks that contain bad sectors

* Errors are reported by track and sector number
» Utilizes all you.- RAH. 512K version will make

■ultiple copies of a disk after loading the
data only once
» A iiust for single-drive backups:

Copies 10 tracks at a tiae using &4K
Copies 19 tracks at a tine using 128K
Copies an entire 88-track disk using 512K!
Less disk swaps wan a big savings in tiae

SUPER BOOT

** C0C0-3 ONLY «
» BOOT your DECB (RS-DOSI disks by typing DOS

* Autoaatically sets printer baud rate

Supports 300, 690, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600
« Autoaatically sets nuaber of disk tracks/sides

Supports 35, 36, 40, 80— single or double
« Autoaatically sets drive step rate

Support? 6, 20, 30
» Displays directory in two coIubrs, up to four

'pages'. As aany as 128 entries can be

displayed without scrolling off the screen

* Auto-starts file named STARTUP or select file

to LOAD or; LOADtl using arrow keys

Each prograa $15.00 (U.S.). Both $25.00
Send check or aoney order to:

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* EXTENDED*
ADOS-3

* Built-in RAMdisk * Point-and-pick file select menu *

Not a new version of ADOS-3. but a new product that shares space with ADOS-3 in
a 16K EPROM Arrow-key selection of files to execute. LOAD. COPY KILL or
SCAN The BACKUP command is doubled in speed for full disks, proportionately
faster for partly full disks. (BACKUPS to or from the RAMdisk typically take 5 to 20
sec.) • BACKUP-with-lormat • Wild-card COPY and KILL, with optional prompting
for individual files • Date (or date/time with hardware clock) displayed for files in
the directory printed on LLISTmgs • DATES function • Key repeat • Block
move/copy of BASIC program lines • Tent screen printer dump • Auto-reboot of a
BASIC program or the DOS command • Parallel printing • Read/write/format 35/40
tracks on 80-track drives • Supports 3 double-sided drives plus 2 RAMdnves •
Allows different numbers o' tracks on different drives • Shares the original's excel-
lent compatibility with commercial software. For 128K CoCo 3 with ADOS-3 (RAM-
disk use requires 512K) Includes informalion on having an EPROM burned (cost is
$15) alter configuring Extended ADOS-3 Disk S39.95. Extended ADOS-3 plus
ADOS-3. $64.95. Driver for Disto real-time clock. $5. Adapter for controllers lacking
28-pin socket. $10. SmartWatch real-time clock (Tandy 25-1033 equiv). $35 (Drivers
for Ext ADOS-3 and OS-9 included; usable in 28-pin socketed controllers or in
Rompack. $10).

"...will blow your socks off ...impossible to give Extended ADOS-3

anything other than a rave review."

- Rainbow, October 1 9 8 9.

"Flawless, compatible operation with just about everything under
the sun. ..by far the most USEFUL product ever devised for the
Color Computer." _ CoCq C)ipboardi Se pt/Oct 1989.

ADOS-3 (reviewed July 1987)

Customize default startup message, colors, screen width, baud rate, step rates,
processor speed, number of tracks (35. 40. or 80) Disk I/O and printing are reliaole at
double CPU speed Extra commands such as FAST. SLOW. AUTO. RUNM. SCAN.
CAT. PRT ON/OFF Keystroke macros, arrow-key scroll through BASIC programs,
edit/repeat of last command, auto-edit of error line. ML monitor, lots more. Usable as
a disk utility or in EPROM 1?8K Coco 3 EPROM-burnmg (cost is S15-20) informa-
tion provided Disk. $34.95. ADOS for CoCo 1 and 2 Disk $27.95.

FOR OS-9: SmartWatch real-time clock with driver. $30.00; in Rompack. $40.00.

SPECTROSYSTEMS

11111 N. Kendall Dr.
Suite A108
Miami. FL 33176
(305) 274-3899

PLEASE ADD S2 SHIPPING • NO DELAY ON PERSONAL CHECKS
WE CANNOT ACCEPT CREDIT CARDS

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

PRINT "Getting next entry..."

RUN GetEnt (LS)

RUN SearchL (FND)

IF fnd THEN

PRINT "Entry exists!"

ELSE

RUN InsertL (LS)

RUN PrintE (LS)
ENDIF

You can look upon the procedures as
nice, neat, little subroutines with names
used in place of GOSUBs with line numbers.
Of course, if you don't use a lot of subrou-
tines in Extended or Disk BASIC, you need
to change your coding philosophy! (The
truth of the matter is that you should have
been using neat, modular subroutines in
Extended and Disk BASIC as well . . .)

Structured Loops.

Another key to structured programming
is the use of several types of loops. In
Extended or Disk BASIC there's really only
one type of loop, the FOR. . .TO loop. Be-
cause line numbers are discouraged in BAS-
IC09 (and other structured languages) there's
not only the FOR . . . TO loop but three other
loops as well. Here are examples of each,
all of which accomplish the same thing —
adding the number of parts on hand for 10
items in an inventory:

WHILE i<ll DO

total :- total + oh(i)

i:- i + 1
ENDWHILE
REPEAT

total :- total + oh(i)

1:- i +1
UNTIL 1-11
LOOP

total :- total + oh(i )

i:- 1 + 1
EXITIF i— 11 THEN
ENDEXIT
ENDL00P

There are some subtle differences be-
tween the three types of loops. The WHILE
loop is executed only if the WH I LE condition
is true. The loop won't be executed at all if
the condition is false. The REPEAT loop is
always executed at least once before a
terminating condition can be checked. The
LOOP structure is also executed at least once
before the terminating condition can be
checked. FOR ... TO loops in both Disk BAS-
IC and BASIC09 check the terminating con-
dition before the loop is executed.

As with Extended BASIC, BASIC09
loops can be large or small and can
contain any number of nested loops —
loops within loops.

Local Variables

Once a variable in Extended BASIC pro-
grams is referenced, it can't be used for
anything else. It exists as that variable
throughout the entire program. Woe to a
basic programmer who uses the same
variable name later in the program, forget-
ting that he used it earlier. That variable
will be clobbered by the second use. A
global variable is one recognized through-
out the entire program. All variables in
Extended BASIC are global variables.

Structured languages, however, such as
BASIC09 use local variables. Variable names
are recognized only within the procedure in
which they are referenced. You can use the
same variable name in many different pro-
cedures without problems. This makes the
whole problem of mistakenly using the
same variable later in a program much less
of a possibility. It also allows different
programmers to write different modules of
a larger program without regard to variable
names used by the other programmers.

Every program must have global vari-
ables, the main variables in the program
where key elements are stored. These can
be established and maintained in a main
procedure. When subroutines are run as
procedures, variables can be passed as
parameters to and from the procedure in the
calling sequence. The following call in-
serts an entry in a mailing list and returns
the size of the list in another variable:

RUN InsertEKEntryl. Sizel)

In Extended BASIC, parameters are not
really passed; they just exist from being
previously defined, and they are manipu-
lated by all parts of the program, including
subroutines.

BASIC09, like other structured languages,
also allows you to pass variables by value
or reference. When variables are passed to
a procedure by value, they are not changed
by that procedure. This protects the con-
tents of variables while allowing proce-
dures (subroutines) to operate on them. Of
course, the variable can still be changed by
the procedure that calls the lower-level
procedure that uses the variable.

There are times, though, when you want
the called procedure to change the parame-
ter. In this case the parameter is passed by
reference. The location of the variable is
passed to the procedure, which then changes
the actual value of the variable. This is
especially valuable in a type of procedure
called a recursive procedure in which a
procedure calls itself many times foropera-
tions on the same data until some terminat-
ing condition is reached.

The important thing to remember here is
that BASIC09 allows either local variables

that do not change the content of variables
passed as parameters or an alternative
condition that allows procedures to change
the content of variables. In short, it's every-
thing you'd want to do.

Data Types

In Extended BASIC, there are only two
variable types. A numeric data type is treated
as either an integer ox floating-point mixed
number. A string data type provides for
character data. Structured languages,
though, allow many different types of
variables. BASIC09 allows five different data
types — BYTE, INTEGER, REAL, BOOLEAN and
STRING. BYTE variables are whole numbers
from to 255; I NTEGER variables are whole
numbers from -32768 to +32767, and REAL
variables are mixed (floating-point)
numbers. BOOLEAN variables can hold only
two values. TRUE or FALSE. STRING vari-
ables are similar to Extended or Disk BASIC
variables.

Variables are typed by defining them in
dim (dimension) statements in BASIC09. If a
variable is not typed, it is assumed to be
type REAL. Here are some typical BASIC09
DIM statements:

DIM namel. name2: STRING
DIM count. Size: INTEGER
DIM sex: BOOLEAN

There are several good reasons for using
data types. First, it helps to define the
variables and forces you to consider the
ranges of numbers that can be used with
them. Secondly, data types can be very
efficient in terms of memory. A BOOLEAN
data type, for example, takes up only one
bit in most languages. While you can ac-
complish the same thing in an Extended or
Disk BASIC variable, it will take 40 times the
amount of storage, five bytes vs. one bit.

The Bottom Line

BASIC09 differs from Extended BASIC
because of the structure of OS-9 and con-
temporary thought about computer lan-
guages. There's no question that you can do
a lot using only Extended BASIC. However,
you can accomplish those things and more
with BASIC09. at higher speeds. In the proc-
ess, you'll learn a structured language whose
concepts are very easy to translate into such
popular languages such as Pascal, C and
Ada. You'll also leam good programming
techniques that will free you from the hor-
rors of spaghetti code. Finally, you'll be
able to apply some advanced techniques
such as recursion that are simply not pos-
sible in Extended BASIC on the CoCo.

See you next month with more CoCo
topics.

THE RAINBOW

October 1 990

ar.

ftware

o- New CoCo Calligrapher V2 for CoCo III! "a

The popular RS-DOS version of the Calligrapher has been upgraded for the CoCo
III! This new version has some of the advanced features that were only available
in the OS9 Calligrapher. $24.95 (upgrade your old VI version for $12.50).

CALLIGRAPHER

CoCo Calligrapher V2 - Turn
your CoCo and dot- matrix printer
into a calligrapher's quill. Make
beautiful flyers, certificates, labels
and more. Includes three \4 inch
high fonts. Over 135 additional
fonts are available (see below).

Version Vl is available for any

Version V<

III and Disk;

iny
CoCo, Tape or Disk; Version V2

requires CoCo
$24.95.

Calligrapher V2 - Prints al| the
same fonts as the CoCo Calligra-
pher. It reads a standard text file
which contains text and format-
ting codes. You specify the fonts,
centering, left, right or full justi-
fy, line fill, margin, line width,
page size, page break, page
numbers, indentation, multiple
columns, macros, headers, footers
and more. Includes the same 3
fonts with additional fonts avail-
able below. Disk only; Specify
OS9 or MS-DOS; $24.95.

Calligrapher Fonts - Requires
Calligrapher above. Each set on
tape or disk with 8 to 10 fonts;
Specify RS-DOS, OS9 or MS-DOS
format; $14.95 each:

Set #1 Reduced and reversed originals;

Set #2 Old Style and Broadway;

Set #3 Antique and Business;

Set #4 Wild West and Checkers;

Set #5 Stars, Hebrew and Victorian;

Set #0 Block and Computer;

Set #7 Small: Roman, Italics, Cubes, etc;

Set #8 Novelty Tonts;

Set #0 Gallant and Spartan;

Set #10 Several Roman Tonts;

Set #11 Gothic and Script;

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Set #13 Several Courier fonts;

Set #14 Modern and Screen;

Set #15 Tektron and Prestige.

Economy Font Packages avail-
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fonts; Specify RS-DOS, OS9 or
MS-DOS format; 29.95 for any
one or save by buying two or
more at $19.95 each:

Pkg #1 - Above font sets 1, 2 and 3;

Pkg #2 - Above font sets 4, 5 and 6;

Pkg #3 - Above" font sets 7, 8 and 9;

Pkg #4 - Above font sets 10, 11 and 12;

Pkg #5 - Above font sets 13, 14 and 15.

Calligrapher Combo Package - Includes the Calligrapher
and any two Economy Font Packages (your choice) for only
$59.95. Disk only. Specify RS-DOS. OS9 or MS-DOS format.

Sample Calligrapher CliPix Pictures

«8,

i'«"

,'■

The Font Massager - This
OS9/MS-DOS utility program al-
lows you to do many things to
Calligrapher font files. You may
create new fonts, modify existing
fonts, invert fonts, compress fonts,
double the height and/or width,
halve the height and/or width and
convert between RS-DOS and
OS9/MS-DOS formats. (Note: OS9
and MS-DOS font files are identical
and need no conversion. Simply copy
or upload the files from one OS to the
other) OS9 or MS-DOS; $19.95.

DATA BASE

TIMS Combo Package - All

three of the following programs:
TIMS, TIMS Mail and TIMS Util-
ity on one disk - $34.95. Save
about $20.00!

Calligrapher CliPix : The

Calligrapher may now include
graphics pictures along with the
text it prints. There are current-
ly 9 different CliPix disks avail-
able, each one has over 60
different graphic pictures. While
the OS9/MS-DOS Calligrapher
may easily combine both text
and CliPix, the RS-DOS (CoCo)
Calligrapher may also print out
the CliPix. $9.95 each.

CliPix #1 - Animals

CliPix #2 - Astrology /Mythology

CliPix #3 - Jobs (Occupations)

CliPix #4 - KidStufi*

CliPix #5 - Miscellaneous

CIIPlx #6 - Occasions

CliPix #7 - Sports

CIIPlx #8 - Vehicles

CIIPlx #9 - X-Rated

TIMS (The Information Man-
agement System) - Tape or
disk, fast ana simple general data
base program. Create files of
records that can be quickly sorted,
searched, deleted and updated.
Powerful printer formatting.
Select records to print: all, from
screen or a range. Up to 8 user
fields, sort on up to 3 fields.
Tape/Disk; $19.95.

TIMS Mail - Tape or Disk based
mailing list program. Files are
compatible with TIMS. Fast and
simple to use. Supports labels 1,
2 or 3 across, 2% to 4 inches wide.
Tape/Disk; $19.95.

TIMS Utility - Utility companion
for TIMS and TIMS Mail for
multi-term search (AND and OR
logic), global change and delete,
split large files and more!
Tape/Disk; $14.95.

EDUCATIONAL

SPECIAL INTEREST

Rental Property Income and
Expense Management Package -
Maintain rental property income
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ports. 28 expense categories. This

rogram may be tax deductible.

iskonly; $29.95.

The Educational Combo -

Learning stuff has never been so
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these educational (and entertain-
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Silly Syntax - (ages 5 and up)
Galactic Hangman - (ages 7 and up)
The Presidents - (ages 10 and up)
The Great USA - (ages 9 and up)
Trig Attack - (ages 9 and up)

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For a complete catalog of Sugar Software products and fonts, send a stamp and a label.

RAINBOW

"TRS-80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp.

SUGAR SOFTWARE

P.O. Box 7446

Hollywood, Florida 33081

(305) 981-1241

Alt programs run on the CoCo X, 8 and S, SSK
Extended Bane, vnleee otherwise noted. Add
Si. 50 per tape or disk for shipping and han-
dling. Florida residents add 6% sales tax. COD
orders add $5. Dealer inquiries invited. Orders
generally shipped in 24-48 hours. No refunds
or exchanges without prior authorization.

GET 'EM WHILE
THEY'RE

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of material, it's all just for CoCo users — a great way to expand your library!

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Picture-storage formats and displaying images
with OS-9 Level II

Getting the Picture
With OS-9

by Tim Kientzle

This is the first of a series of
articles that discusses various
picture storage formats and
presents programs for display-
ing some of these formats under
OS-9 Level II. Although written with the
OS-9 Level II user in mind, the information
in this series is very useful to CoCo 3 users
as well. I compare the three most popular
CoCo 3 picture storage formats and present
a BASIC09 program to display an
uncompressed VEF picture. In future ar-
ticles I will eventually build up this pro-
gram to handle more sophisticated formats.

How We Got Here

In the days of 16K Extended Color BAS-
IC, saving and loading pictures was easy.
You knew where graphics screens started
in memory and how big they were, so you
could simply CSAVEM that section of mem-
ory to cassette. But like everything else,
storing graphics has become more compli-
cated, primarily because graphics images
are a lot bigger.

When CoCo Max made its debut, the

Tint Kientzle, currently pursuing a doctor-
ate in mathematics at the University of
California at Berkley, has worked with the
CoCo since 1982. He is best known in the
CoCo world as the database manager for
the CoCo SIG on Delphi, and as the author
of the v-Term terminal emulator. He can be
reached on Delphi as TIMKIENTZLE. Or you
can contact him at 14 Croxton Avenue,
Oakland. CA 94611.

MGE

CM3

VEF

Palette data

Yes

Different resolutions

Yes 1

Yes 2

Number of lines

200

192, 384 1

200

Horizontal resolution

320

160, 320, 640 2

Number of colors

2,4, 16 2

Animation information

1 kind

2 kinds

None

Compression

Poor

Good

Fair 1

Picture title

Yes

Patterns

Yes

Notes:

1) CM3 stores either one or two 320-by-l92

16-color "pages.

2) vef handles 320-by-200 in four or 16 colors, 640-by-200 in two

or four colors, and 160

-by-200 in 16 colors.

3) "Squashed" vef is newer and not yet widely supported.

Table 1: Format Comparisons

largest pictures used a whopping total of
I2K. Nowadays CoCo 3 users routinely
work with 60K or 90K graphics images, and
pictures from other systems can contain
256K or more of graphics data. In order to
save both disk space and download time,
we need to find some way to reduce the size
of these images. For this reason many
modem storage formats incorporate com-
pression schemes to reduce the total size of
the file. Also, it is now considered neces-
sary to store additional information with
the picture data, such as palette data, pic-
lure resolution and size, the picture's name,
and information about animation.

All of this gets confusing, especially
since each new graphics editor seems to use

its very own storage format. Including the
olderCoCo 1 and 2 formats, there are easily
15 distinct graphics formats for the CoCo.
When you consider formats used on other
machines, there are hundreds of storage
methods.

Graphics and OS-9

Many people think using graphics with
OS-9 is difficult. Two major reasons for this
involve memory considerations and confu-
sion about window types. Let's address the
second issue first.

A window in OS-9 Level II is some part
of a screen. There are two types of screens.
One type i s the VDG screen , named after the
Video Display Generator of the CoCos 1

THE RAINBOW October 1990

and 2. vdg screens exist in order to allow
older OS-9 Level I programs using 32-by-l6
text screens and 256-by-i92 graphics to run
under OS-9 Level II. These screens are
handled by the vdglnt module, which
doesn't support the type of graphics we'll
be doing. In order to run the programs
presented in this series, you need to be
working on a screen handled by grf i nt or
wi ndi nt. Any window on a 40-by-24 or 80-
by-24 text screen is sufficient. Check your
OS-9 manual to learn how to create one of
these windows. Or, better yet, see Dale
Puckett's "Kissable OS-9" column on Page
58 of this issue.

Unfortunately, by the time you get the
OS-9 windows system running on a I28K
CoCo 3, there isn't enough memory left to
have both a high-resolution graphics screen
and BASIC09 in memory at the same time.
So the programs in this article won't run on

Bytes

1
1

Description

Compression type:0=no compression; i28=Squashed
Picture resolution

- 320-by-200, 16 colors

1 - 640-by-200. 4 colors
2- i6O-by-20O. 16 colors

3 - 320-by-200. 4 colors

4 - 640-by-200. 2 colors
Palette values

Figure 1: VEF Header Format

a I28K system. If you use C or assembly disk to play with these graphics programs.

language, you can create this type of graph-
ics, but it requires a great deal of care in
order to fit everything into the available
memory.

You may want to put together a special

Such a disk should contain (at a minimum)
shell,grfdrv,BASIC09,gfx2,syscall and
runb in the CMDS directory. It is also a good
idea to create a SYS directory on this disk
and copy stdfonts from your OS-9 Level II

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14 great NLQ text fonts. Req.64K CoCo 1/2/3, aonitor, 1
drive, aouse, Epson or coapatible printer.. $24.95

CIII D-Link

Disk to Disk Tele File Transfer Prograa. Graphics
interface. Req. CoCo3, RGB or Off aonitor, aodea, 1 Drive,
joystick/aouse... only $24.95 2 for $29.95

cSSfc

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UPGRADE POLICY: CIII Pagts V.1.0 owners can upgrade to CIII
PagesE v. 2.0 by lending Die original systea disk, copy of
the sales slip and $12.00 to the address listed below.

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TEST WRITING PROGRAM

Designs multiple choice and true/false
questions. Allows you to edit, save,
load, select, display, randomize and
print. Includes utilities for making a
cover sheet, answer key and instruc-
tions. Uses 32K. ONLY $39.95

the EXAMINER

Permits Brainbuster quizzes to be
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Uses 32K. JUST $24.95

TRIVIA QUIZZES

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Trivia-2 (50 Questions).
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Send check or money order.

P.O. Box 3453, Carbondale, IL 62902

Specify CoCo 1, 2 or 3. Add $3.00 S/H.

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

disk so that after booting os-9 you can
merge the standard fonts into the system
using:

merge /dd/sys/stdfonts

This loads the fonts that OS-9 uses on graph-
ics screens into memory. When you start
playing with graphics screens, this comes
in useful; otherwise you may get stuck on a
graphics screen, unable to see what you*re
typing!

One Problem, Three Answers

There are currently three popular stor-
age formats for CoCo 3 images. Although
there are others, these three seem to ac-
count for the bulk of the CoCo 3 graphics
files currently available.

The MGE format was developed by Greg
Miller and Erik Gavriluk for use in their
Color Max 3 graphics program. Public
domain utilities to save and load images
saved in this format were released early,
making this format very popular. It is also
a simple format, which has encouraged the
writing of other programs to support it. The
biggest drawback is that it uses a fairly
simple compression method that actually
lengthens many files. For this reason, MGE
files are frequently stored uncompressed.

The CM3 format was created by Color-
ware for use in the CoCo Max III graphics
program. Its greatest strength is that the
compression method used works well, and
it can handle double-height pictures and
two kinds of animation effects. The format
is, however, more complicated.

vef format was developed by the people
who developed OS-9 Level II for the CoCo
3. It has become a defacto standard for all
OS-9 graphics work, due primarily to the
fact that an OS-9 Level II viewer program for
this format was available before OS-9 Level
II was released. It is simple and many OS-9
utilities exist for converting, saving, load-
ing and editing VEF images. It stores little
extra information, and the compressed
version, developed for use in MVCanvas, is
new enough to not be widely supported yet.
The differences between the three graph-
ics formats are summarized in Table 1. As
you can already see, there are trade-offs
involved. MGE is easy for most RS-DOS
users to use. thanks to a simple format and
the availability of public domain utilities.
CM3 has an effective compression method
and good animation support, vef can store
images in varying resolutions. We'll focus
on the uncompressed formats in this article
and talk in more detail about specific
compression methods later.

The Listing, Please

Look carefully at the listing and enter it.

Bytes Description

1 Zero for original MGE format

16 Palette data

1 Palette type:o=RGB, l=CMP

1 Compression type:0=compressed, 255=uncompressed

30 Picture title terminated with a null (zero) byte

1 Color cycling speed

1 First and last palettes for cycling, encoded as First* 16+Last.

Figure 2: MGE Header Format

You can remove the comments; they exist 1 ) open file and read header data

primarily to help you read and understand 2) set up screen

the listing. The program can be divided into 3) read picture data from file and
roughly three parts: display it on the screen

OS-9 Level II 51 2K

The Listing: VEF

PROCEDURE

0000
mn

003E

0040

0041

006C

00AC

00C3

00C4

010A

014C

0160

BUB

017C

0188

018F

0198

01A1

01AC

0163

01BA

01BB

01D2

01DE

01DF

01FC

0218

0249

0258

0259

027C

029D

02A8

02A9

02E1

02FD

0308

0335

0351

036A

0375

0376

039D

03BE

03EE

0421

043D

0470

0476

0478

VEF
(* Display a VEF format picture file on a window screen
PARAM Filename: STRING
BASE

(* Stores info about the screen we're using

(* sctype-0S9 screen type: bytes-bytes/line: width - pixels/1 1ne

TYPE ScrnType-sctype: INTEGER: bytes: INTEGER: width: INTEGER

(* Since there are two different sizes of lines, we create a structure
(* with two different-sized arrays, so we can use fast GET and PUT
(* commands for I/O.
TYPE L1neType-long(l60):BYTE: short(80) :BYTE

DIM palette(16):BYTE
DIM compress: INTEGER
DIM 1 1ne: LineType
DIM scrn:ScrnType
DIM path.scpath:BYTE
DIM 1: INTEGER
DIM char:BYTE

(* First, open the file
OPEN #path.F11ename:READ

(* Get the header Information

RUN GetHeader( pa th.scrn.sctype. palette. compress)
(* Create the screen and set up "scrn" structure.
RUN SetScreen(scpath.scrn)

FOR 1-0 TO 15 \(* Set the palettes

RUN GFX2(scpath. "Palette".!, pa letted )>
NEXT i

FOR 1-1 TO 8 \(* VEF convention 1s to skip top 8 lines

RUN Get Line (path. scrn. by tes.compress.l 1ne)
NEXT 1
FOR 1-0 TO 191 \(* Load and display each line

RUN Get Line (path. scrn. bytes. compress. line)

RUN PutLinetscpath. scrn. 1. line)
NEXT 1

RUN GFX2("Bell") \(* Tell the user we're done

GET tfscpath.char \(* Walt for a key press

RUN GFX2("K1UBuff".l.l) \(* Kill the buffer we used

RUN GFX2("Select") \(* Select the screen where we started

CLOSE tfpath \(* close the disk file

IF scpath>2 THEN \(* If it's not Stdl/O. close the screen

CLOSE ffscpath
ENDIF
END

PROCEDURE GetHeader
0000 (* Read header Info from "path", return window type, palettes.
003E (* and compression code.
0056 PARAM path: BYTE
0050 PARAM wintype: INTEGER

THE RAINBOW October 1990

Two-Liner Contest Winner . . .

Grab Ihe kids and the dog and gather around the old
CoCo to celebrate a traditional kid's favorite. Watch
the stars twinkle on the screen as the CoCo plays a
familiar tune.

The Listing:

5 PM0DE4 . 1 : PCLS : SCREEN1 . 1 : C$-"C5

BM128.70D20U10R5L10R5E5G10E5F5H1

0":D$-"C0BM128.70D20U10R5L10R5E5

G10E5F5H10":S$-"CCGGAAG":T$-"FFE

EDDC":U$-"GGFFEEDD"

10 D-RND(255):0-RND(191):PSET(D.

) : X-X+l : I FX-100THEN DRAW C$:PLA

Y S$:DRAW D$:PLAY T$ :DRAWC$: PLAY

U$:DRAWD$:PLAYU$:DRAWC$:PLAYS$:D

RAWD$ : PLAYT$ : DRAWC$ : FORX-1TO200:

NEXTX : DRAWDS : FORX-1TO200 : NEXTX : D

RAWC$:ORAWD$:ELSE10

Shawn Gildroy
Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania

For ihis winning two-liner contest entry, the author has been sent copies of The Fourth
Rainbow Book of Adventures and the accompanying tape.

AT LAST - AFTER OVER TWO YEARS OF PROGRAMMING...

Three C's Projects proudly announces the release of

THE POWER STONES OF ARD II

The Five Towers of Trafa-Zar

A twist of fate has put you inside the stronghold of the evil wizard, Trafa-
Zar. Ill prepared and inexperienced, your only hope of survival is to find the
Mind Stone, the second of the three great Power Stones. As an apprentice
of the great wizard. Niz, you must rely on your magical training, your wits and
your cunning as you face the forces of evil that inhabit the towers.

This fast paced adventure game is really loaded with graphics. You will
explore more than 600 rooms and come eye-to-eye with monsters from
beyond your imagination. It features an improved, full game save and easy
one key command inputs with over FIFTY commands including twenty spells
and arrow key movement. It takes two full disks just to hold this much
excitement !!!

ONLY $25.00 And We Pay Shipping!*

Color Computer 3 and one Disk Drive required.

N.C. residents add 5% sales tax

'Outside continental D.S. must send $3.00 shipping and handling

ARD I : The Quest for the Spirit Stone - $ 1 8.00

see review - Rainbow Aug 88

• £_£_£

rnmt c'&

PROJECTS

send check or M.O. to: Three C's Projects, P.O. Box 1323,
Hamlet, NC 28345, (919) 582-5121

S3-

IT'S SUPER SALE TIME AGAIN!!

BARBARIAN QLEST

Save your bride to be from the horrors of the evil
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graphics and exciting arcade action with fully
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playing even if you loose! Set your own level of
stress! It's great arcade action! Requires 5I2K and I disk drive. Sifl ON
SALE!!!! JUST S29 Reviewed July 90

THE SUPER DISK

Never before have so many powerful disk utilities been assembled in one
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If you just like to SNOOP, this disk has everything you need to read & write
any part of a disk, even the data you were not meant to see! If you want to
create copy protected disks or copy your valuable originals. THE SUPER DISK
is for you! ^9 ON SALE!!!! ONLY $29 Reviewed March '90

WARGAME DESIGNER II

WGD II is a complete graphic oriented war game
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A real bargain at just S15 Reviewed June '89

WEEKLY WINNER 3.0

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sonally seen it pick 4 and 5 out of 6 in the Ohio SUPER LOTTO and have
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SALE'!!! ONLY $19
Reviewed August '89

COCO 3 WHEEL

Outstanding party fun of I to 6 players! You can
even design your own word puzzles. S^T ON
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Reviewed Mav '89

VOCAB

If you like SCRABBLE, you'll love VOCAB. It
even includes a family of computer opponents. For
I to 6 players. S^r*ON SALE!!!! JUST $19

NEW!!! GNOME NEW!!!

Great addictive non-violent arcade action fun by Mike Snyder. See if you as
Tel Hilar, [he Gnome Prince can recover the Spirit Sword from the evil Jarane.
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Here comes Ihe sequel to GNOME already! We should have wailed but this
is just loo much fun to hold back! Now that you've recovered the Spirit Sword,
it's time to find the Fircspire. More screens, more aclion than GNOME.
GNOME not required to play. ML. COCO 3. Disk. ALSO INTRODUCTORY
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October 1990

THE RAINBOW

The header is the first pan of the VEF
picture file. The GetHeader procedure is
responsible for reading the header and in-
terpreting the results. For vef format, the
header consists of 18 bytes as shown in
Figure 1.

Setting up the screen is done in the
SetScreen procedure. Since some of the
graphics operations we'll do later need the
size of the window in pixels, or the number
of bytes on a line, we set up that informa-
tion in the scrn variable structure.

SetScreen does use one small trick.
Instead of calling gfx2 for the DWSet and
Sel ect operations, we set up an array with
the codes, so we can do both with just one
PUT operation. If we use gf x2 to do these
separately, OS-9 temporarily loses track of
which screen it is displaying.

Get/Put buffers are very powerful tools
for creating OS-9 Level 11 graphics, because
we can't directly manipulate screen mem-
ory. We can. however, copy data between
screen memory and Get/Put buffers and
manipulate the data there. To get the pro-
gram to run quickly, we read a line of data
from the file, store it in a Get/Put buffer,
then PUT it on the screen. Repeating this for
each chunk of the graphics data puts the
entire picture on the screen.

To put the data into the Get/Put buffer,
we could either use the GPLoad command to
load the data or we could map the buffer
into our workspace and copy the data into
the buffer directly. The latter method is
noticeably faster and somewhat more diffi-
cult to understand.

I've isolated the parts of the program
that might need to be changed later. In
future articles I'll give you only the listings
forthe GetHeader and GetLi ne procedures,
since they are the only ones that will change.

Some Homework Problems

You might be interested in modifying
this VEF program to handle uncompressed
MGE format pictures. Figure 2 shows the
format of an MGE header to get you started.

Once you get the MGE program work-
ing, you can work on making several im-
provements. Here are some ideas:

• Display the picture title at the bottom

of the screen while loading.

• Cycle the palettes while waiting for

the user to press a key.

Tune in Next Month

Next month I'll talk about methods to
reduce the size of files. In particular. I'll
describe some of the many variations on a
compression technique known as Run-
Length Encoding. It is the simplest tech-
nique and. for that reason, one of the most
popular compression techniques around. □

0064
0070
0077
0078
00AE
00CA
00D3
00D4
0109
010A
012C
0146
0180
018C
0197
0199

PROCEOU
0000
003C
0075
0091
0093
00AE
00AF
00B6
00BD
00C4
00CD
00CE
00 DA
00E8
00EC
00FA
00FC

PARAM palette(16):BYTE
PARAM compress: INTEGER

(* Stores all the info in a VEF header in one variable
TYPE VEFheader-comp:BYTE: VEFtype:BYTE: pal s(16) :BYTE
DIM header:VEFheader

GET ffpath. header \(* Actually read the header Info from path.

«
compress-header. comp \(* Set compression type
palette-header. pals \(* Set palettes
wintype-8-header.VEFtype \(* Convert VEF picture type into window type
IF w1ntype<7 THEN

wi ntype-wi ntype+1
ENOIF
END

RE GetUne

(* Gets one line of graphics data from the file into "line".

(* "bytes" 1s the length of the line expected, "compress"

(* Is the compression format

BASE

TYPE L1neType-long(l60):BYTE: short(80) :BYTE

PARAM path:BYTE
PARAM bytes: INTEGER
PARAM compress: INTEGER
PARAM Hne:tineType

IF bytes>80 THEN
GET #path. line. long

EtSE

GET #path. line. short

ENDIF

END

PROCEDURE PutLine

0000
0002
001D
0034
0035
003C
0045
004C
0055
0056
008A
0099
00A7
00AB
00B9
00BB
00D9

PROCEDURE
0000
0033
004A
0051
005A
005B
0067
006E
007E
0087
0092
00D8
0105
0141
0142
017B
0194
01A0
01A2
01A3
01D6
01EF
01FA
01FC
01FD
0220
0261
0262
028E
028F
02B9
02F5
02FF

BASE

TYPE LineType-long(160):BYTE: short(80) :BYTE

TYPE ScrnType-sctype: INTEGER: bytes: INTEGER; width: INTEGER

PARAM scpath:BYTE

PARAM scrn:ScrnType

PARAM Hnenum:INTEGER

PARAM Hne:t1neType

RUN GFX2 ( scpath."gpload". 1.1. scrn. sctype. scrn. width. 1. scrn. bytes)
IF scrn.bytes>80 THEN

PUT tfscpath.l ine.long
ELSE

PUT tfscpath. line. short
ENDIF

RUN GFX2(scpath,"Put".1.1.0.1inenum)
END

SetScreen
(* Creates the screen, and sets the "scrn" variable
TYPE ScrnType-sctype: INTEGER: bytes : INTEGER: width: INTEGER
PARAM scpath:BYTE
PARAM scrn:ScrnType

DIM scrncode(14):BYTE
DIM 1: INTEGER
FOR 1-1 TO 14

READ scrncoded)
NEXT i
(* This 1s the "magic" sequence that will set up the new screen right.
(* It has the codes for DwSet. Select. CurOff
DATA $1B.$20.$08.J00.$00.J28.J18.$00.$01.$00.J1B.J21.$05.»20

scrn.width-320 \(* Width 1s the width of the screen in pixels
IF scrn.sctype-5 OR scrn.sctype-7 THEN

scrn.w1dth-640
ENDIF

scrn.bytes-160 \(* L1nes1ze is number of bytes per line.
IF scrn.sctype-5 OR scrn.sctype-6 THEN

scrn.bytes-80
ENDIF

OPEN #scpath,'7w":UP0ATE \(* Create a new window

(* scpath - 1 \ RUN GFX2(scpath."DWEnd") \ (* Use the same window

RUN GFX2U. "Select") \(* Select our StdOut screen

scrncode(3)-scrn. sctype \(* Byte 3 1s the screen type
scrncode(6)-scrn.w1dth/8 \(* Byte 6 1s the screen width 1n characters
PUT tfscpath.scrncode
END

THE RAINBOW October 1990

to take advantage of from 64K up
to a full 512K. Requires low cost
amplifier (RS cat. #277-1008) and
any microphone. Will run on a
CoCo 1, 2, or 3. Vocal Freedom
Disk: $34.95. Optional Hacker's
Pac Disk: $19.95. Disk for both:
$49.95

1 1 Imbed d f wujjyrr\ /

U)axmu> JjaMnwty

Reads your master disk once and
then makes super fast multiple
disk backups on all your drives!
No need to format blank disks
first! Supports 35, 40 or 80 track
drives. This utility requires
512K. Disk: $19.95

<P<

uAjg/rru/L

This is a fascinating CoCo 3 game
of skill and coordination. Pyr-
amix is 100% machine language
written exclusively to take ad-
vantage of all the power in your
128K CoCo 3. The Colors
are brilliant, the gra-
phics sharp, the action |
fast. Written by
Jordon Tsvetkoff
and a product of
ColorVenture. Disk: $19.95

Would your friends be
impressed if your com-
puter could read their
minds? Mental Freedom
uses the techniques of
Biofeedback to control video
game action on the screen. Tele-
kinesis? You control the action
with your thoughts and emo-
tions. Your goal is to materialize
and levitate objects with the
power of your mind while avoid-
ing the insidious cobra. Mental
Freedom teaches peace of mind
in the face of adversity. Mental
Freedom even talks in a per-
fectly natural voice without
using a speech synthesizer! Re-
quires Radio Shack's low cost
Biofeedback monitor, Cat. #63-
675. Will run on a CoCo 2 or 3 but
not CoCo 1. Disk: $24.95

em ie^a

l/ocal c/ 'wwmrv Ihywrdma hvm*

/ocal Freedom turns
your computer into a digital
voice recorder. The optional
Hacker's Pac lets you incorpo-
rate voices or sounds that you
record into your own BASIC or
ML programs. This is not a syn-
thesizer. Sounds are digitized
directly into computer memory
so that voices or sound effects
sound very natural. One "off-
the-shelf" application for Vocal
Freedom is an automatic message
minder. Record a message for
your family into memory. Set Vo-
cal Freedom on automatic. When
Vocal Freedom "hears" any
noise in the room, it plays the
prerecorded rflessage directly
from its Random Access Memory
with amazing fidelity! You may
also SAVE or LOAD sounds to and
from DISK. VF also tests memory

These three utilities give
real power to your CoCo 3

This is the best Ramdisk avail-
able. It lets you have up to 4
mechanical disk drives and 2
Ram drives on-line and is fully
compatible with our Printer
Lightning. Disk: $19.95

Load it and forget it — except for
the versatility it gives you.
Never wait for your printer
again! Printer runs at high
speed while you continue to
work at the keyboard! Disk:
$19.95

Produce standard grade 2
Braille on a Brother daisy wheel
printer. Easy to use for sighted
or blind user. No knowledge of
Braille is necessary. Call for free
sample. Will run on CoCo 1, 2, or
3. Disk: $69.95

VMb ik UnJU

VDOS, The Undisk, ramdisk for

the CoCo 1 or 2 only. Available

only on tape: $24.95

VDUMP, backup Undisk files to

single tape file. Requires VDOS.

Tape: $14.95

VPRINT, Print Undisk directory.

Requires VDOS. Tape: $9.95

Add $2.50 shipping/
handling in USA or

CANADA

Add $5.00 to ship to

other countries

Dr. Preble's Programs
6540 Outer Loop

Louisville, KY 40228

24 Hour Hot Line

(502) 969-1818

Visa, MC, COD, Check

Protect and highlight
gour important
magazine collection

with sturdy
RAINBOW binders

Distinctive, Durable RAINBOW Binders

the rainbow is a vital resource to be referred to
again and again. Keep your copies of the rainbow safe
in our quality, distinctive binders that provide com-
plete protection. «

These attractive red vinyl binders showcase your
collection and ensure your rainbows are in mint
condition for future use. Each binder is richly em-
bossed with the magazine's name in gold on the front
and spine. They make a handsome addition to any
room.
Put an End to Clutter

Organize your workspace with these tasteful bind-
ers. Spend more time with your CoCo and eliminate
those frustrating searches for misplaced magazines^

A set of two binders, which holds a full 12 issues of
the rainbow, is only $13.50 (plus $2.50 shipping and
handling).

Special Discounts on Past Issues

To help you complete your collection of the rain-
bow, were offering a special discount on past issues
of the magazine. .

When you place an order for six or more back issues
of the rainbow at the same time you order binders,
you are entitled to $1 off the regular back issue price.
To order, please see the "Back Issue Information
page in this issue.

Know Where to Look

You may purchase the "Official And Compleat I ndex
To THE RAINBOW" for $1 when you purchase a set
of binders. This comprehensive index of rainbow^s
first three years (July 1981 through July 1984) is
usually priced at $2.50.

YES. Please send me

set(s) of RAINBOW binders

Take advantage of these special offers with your binder purchase:

Save $1 off the single issue cover price for back issues. Minimum order of 6 magazines. Please
" enclose a back issue order form from a recent issue indicating magazines wanted.

Purchase the "Official and Compleat Index to THE RAINBOW" for $1. (Regular price $2.50.)

(These offers good only with the purchase of a rainbow binder set)

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For credit card orders call (800) 847-0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST
All other inquiries call (502) 228-4492.

Utility CoCo 3

Descriptive Error Messages

by Geoff Friesen

Error messages generated by the Color
Computer BASIC interpreter are not user-
friendly. For example, if a Syntax Error
occurs then ?SN ERROR is displayed in-
stead of the more readable BAD SYNTAX.
The interpreter is capable of displaying
more descriptive error messages.

ERRMSG is a program which, when run.
installs a new error message display
mechanism. ERRMSG takes a few seconds
to install and must be reinstalled when-
ever the Reset button is pressed. When an
error occurs, a more descriptive error
message is displayed.

ERRMSG has been designed to cooper-
ate with other machine language pro-
grams that have been installed above the
BASIC work space. It accomplishes this
feat in lines 130, 140, 720, 730 and 740.
Lines 130 and 140 obtain the last address
used by BASIC by examining locations
S0027 and $0028. Location S0027 contains

the most significant byte. This last ad-
dress is stored in locations $8045 and
S8046. These last two locations are used
by Extended BASIC. Can we get away
with this? Yes. Extended BASIC begins at
$8000 and the first 100 bytes or so contain
code that is executed only once to initial-
ize Extended BASIC when the power is
turned on or the Reset button is pressed.
It is not otherwise executed. Since the
BASIC image is restored before the ini-
tialization code is executed, there are no
problems.

Line 720 obtains the last address from
$8045 and $8046 and reduces the amount of
memory that BASIC can use by 63 bytes
(the 63 bytes contain the machine lan-
guage used by ERRMSG). Lines 730 and 740
obtain the starting address for the ma-
chine language routine (which is really
the new last address used by basic plus
one).

If ERRMSG is loaded after other ma-
chine language programs, there should
be no conflicts. ERRMSG works with BAS-
IC* (which I introduced in the September
1989 issue Of THE RAINBOW) if ERRMSG is
loaded last.

Note that the UR error message in
BASIC+ does not have a more descriptive
counterpart in ERRMSG. Hence. UR ERROR
is displayed if this error occurs even after
ERRMSG has been installed.

Error messages are stored in virtual
memory beginning at S6E000. Lines 180
and 310 use the memory manager to ac-
cess this region. If a RAM disk or some
other program uses virtual memory be-
ginning at S6E000, you will have prob-
lems.

The Color Computer BASIC interpreter
can appear more professional and user-
friendly through the use of more descrip-
tive error messages.

The Listing: ERRMSG 370 DATA

380 DATA

390 DATA

100 REM 410 DATA

110 REM ERRMSG 420 DATA

120 REM 430 DATA

130 POKE &H8045.PEEK(&H27) 440 DATA

140 POKE &H8046.PEEK(&H28) 450 DATA

150 CLEAR 200.&H4000 460 DATA

160 P1-&H4000 470 DATA

170 P2-&H4050 480 DATA

180 POKE &HFFA2.&H37 490 DATA

190 FOR EM-1 TO 40 500 DATA

200 READ EM$ 510 DATA

210 L-LEN(EM$) 520 DATA

220 POKE P1.P2/256 530 DATA

230 POKE P1+1.P2 AND 255 540 DATA

240 Pl-Pl+2 550 DATA

250 FOR 1-1 TO L 560 DATA

260 POKE P2+I-1'.ASC(MID$(EM$.I,1 570 DATA

)) 580 DATA

270 NEXT I 590 DATA

280 P2-P2+L+1 600 DATA

290 POKE P2-1.0 610 DATA

300 NEXT EM 620 DATA

310 POKE &HFFA2.&H3A 630 DATA

320 DATA NEXT WTHOUT FOR 640 DATA

330 DATA BAD SYNTAX 650 DATA

340 DATA RETURN WITHOUT GOSUB 660 DATA

350 DATA NEED MORE DATA 670 DATA

360 DATA BAD FUNCTION PARAMETER 680 DATA

OVERFLOW

OUT OF MEMORY

UNDEFINED LINE

BAD ARRAY SUBSCRIPT

ARRAY WAS DIMENSIONED

DIVISION BY ZERO

USE ONLY IN PROGRAM

TYPES DO NOT MATCH

OUT OF STRING SPACE

STRING TOO LONG

COMPLEX STRING FORMULA

CANNOT CONTINUE

BAD FILE DATA

FILE ALREADY OPEN

BAD DEVICE/DRIVE NUMBER

INPUT/OUTPUT ERROR

BAD FILE MODE

FILE NOT OPEN

INPUT PAST END OF FILE

DIRECT STATEMENT

UNDEFINED FUNCTION

FILE NOT FOUND

BAD RECORD NUMBER

DISK FULL

OUT OF BUFFER SPACE

DISK WRITE PROTECTED

BAD FILE NAME

BAD FILE STRUCTURE

FILE ALREADY EXISTS

FIELD OVERFLOW

SET TO NONFIELDED STR

VERIFY DETECTS FLAW

690 DATA WRITE/INPUT PAST EOR

700 DATA HIRES GRAPHICS ERROR

710 DATA HIRES PRINT ERROR

720 CLEAR 200.PEEK(&H8045)*256+P

EEK(&H8046)-62

730 SA-PEEK(&H27)*256

740 SA-SA+PEEK(&H28)+1

750 FOR 1-1 TO 40

760 READ EM$

770 NEXT I

780 FOR I-SA TO SA+38

790 READ B$: POKE I . VAL("SH"+B$ )

800 NEXT I

810 DATA 1A.50.86.37.B7.FF.A2.8E

820 DATA 40.00.3A.AE.84.CE.00.00

830 DATA A6.80.A7.C0.4D.26.F9.86

840 DATA 3A.B7.FF.A2.1C.AF.8E.00

850 DATA 00.BD.B9.9C.7E.AC.6B

860 POKE SA+14.(SA+39)/256

870 POKE SA+15.(SA+39) AND 255

880 POKE SA+31.(SA+38)/256

890 POKE SA+32. (SA+38) AND 255

900 POKE &HAC60.&H7E

910 POKE &HAC61.SA/256

920 POKE &HAC62.SA AND 255

930 POKE &HE48C.&H7E

940 POKE &HE48D.&HAC

950 POKE &HE48E.&H57

960 POKE &HE4A3.&H7E

970 POKE &HE4A4.&HAC

980 POKE SHE4A5.&H57

990 CLS: NEW: END

/«\

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

CoCo Consultations

Disk-Drive Blues

by Marty Goodman
Contributing Editor

I have what seems like disk drive or
controller problems with my CoCo 3
system. When I attempt to get a di-
rectory listing, the listing comes hack
garbled, often with each letter of the
filenames repeated. Yet when I switch the
controller and drive to another CoCo 3.
they work perfectly. More confusing, when
the disk controller is not in that CoCo 3, the
CoCo appears to perform perfectly as an
Extended BASIC computer. Is this a disk
drive, controller or possibly a CoCo 3
motherboard problem ?

Steve Ricketts (STEVEPDX)
Boring, Oregon

I've seen problems like the one you
describe, which are usually caused by a
defective 6809 chip (68B09E in the case of the
CoCo 3). Several times I have seen a bad
6809 that produced no symptoms whatso-
ever when a disk controller was not con-
nected to the computer. The only apparent
symptom was that with the controller in.
disk access failed or was garbled. This can
be explained by a failure of the NMI or HALT
circuitry in the 6809 itself.

If possible, get another disk system or
bring your suspect CoCo 3 to a place that
has one. See if another disk system misbe-
haves when used with your CoCo 3. If this
is the case, the problem is in your CoCo 3
and you will likely have to replace the
68B09E chip. This is a tricky task as the 40-
pin chip is soldered in place.

Martin H. Goodman, M.D.. a physician
trained in anesthesiology, is a longtime
electronics tinkerer and outspoken com-
mentator — sort of the Howard Cosell of
the CoCo world. On Delphi. Marty is the
SIGop of rainbow's CoCo SIG and database
manager ofOS-9 Online. His non-computer
passions include running, mountaineering
and outdoor photography. Marty lives in
San Pablo, California.

Steve responds.

It appears it is my CoCo 3. How should
I replace the 68B09E?

I recommend destructive removal in this
situation. Open the CoCo, remove the
motherboard and the ground-plane sheet.
Save the clips that hold the ground plane in
place. Next use a solder sucker and solder-
ing iron to clean as much solder as possible
from each pin of the 6809 chip. Use a fine,
small wire cutter (preferably one with angled
jaws) to sever each of the 40 pins that hold
the chip to the board. The chip will fall out.

Next use a soldering iron and long-
nosed pliers to heat and gently lift out all
the stubs of the clipped pins. Use the sol-
dering iron and solder sucker as needed to
clean any remaining solder in the holes the
chip was in. Finally insert and solder a 40-
pin socket where the 68B09E used to be.
Insert the new 68B09E in the socket.

This technique minimizes the chance of
damaging the delicate traces and pads on
the circuit board at the expense of totally
destroying the original chip.

End-All Monitors

Can you recommend an RGB monitor for
the CoCo 3 ? How about if I am considering
getting an MM/ 1 or Tomcat system? I also
want to maintain compatibility with IBM
VGA protocols?

Ernest N. Dotson
Charleston, West Virginia

As you may know, two monitors I
strongly recommended for CoCo 3 users
(the Magnavox 8CM515 and the Sony
K V 1 3 1 1 CR) are no longer in production. The
Magnavox 8CM515 has been replaced by an
updated unit, the Magnavox ICM135. This
monitor (available from Microcom and
Howard Medical) has the same resolution
and overall quality of the older 8CM515 but
features, in addition, provisions for stereo

audio inputs and chromanance-luminance
video inputs used by the old Commodore 64
and by S-VHS style vcrs.

This monitor should work reasonably
well with the standard video output on both
the MM/l and Tomcat systems. It is not
compatible with IBM VGA-type systems,
because it cannot sync above 15.75 KHz and
its dot size is only .41 mm. If you want
sharper resolution and more flexible video
inputs, you must use one of the lower-end
multisync monitors. Some of these are
available for $400 or less. Do not buy a
standard VGA monitor, which implies VGA
only. Such a monitor does not work with
either the CoCo 3 or the newer OS-9/68K
computers.

Just Say No to Halt

Is there any practical way to modify a

normal Tandy-style disk controller to make

it a no-halt controller? No-halt operation

would be so convenient for my OS-9 system.

Philip Brown (THEFERRET)

San Rafael. California

No, you would have to add and modify
too much to achieve no-halt operation for
any retrofit to existing controllers. It just
isn't practical.

Jumper Search

/ cannot find jumpers for drive selection
on my 5'A-inch Tandon 360K drive. It seems
to be jumpered as Drive 0. 1 want to select
it as Drive I .

Clayton G. Kunz
Colorado Springs. Colorado

The older full-height Tandon (TM 100-2)
drives have a 16-pin DIP 1C socket used for
drive selection. Those drives actually have
two sockets labeled 2F and l E in silk-screen
on the PC board. You want the one labelled
IE and located near tpii. In this socket
should be obvious jumpers or some plastic

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

item with jumpers in it. Move the jumper
up one space to the next pair of holes in the
socket, and you will change the selection
from Drive to Drive I . The other socket
should be empty; it is the terminator resis-
tor socket and the added drive should not
have a terminator resistor.

Newer half-height Tandon 5'/»-inch flop-
pies usually have a visible jumper or switch.
In some cases the jumper in question (DSO,
DSi, etc.) may consist of a wire soldered
directly to pads on the drive's logic board.
In that situation you have to cut the old
jumper and solder a new one.

Analog TTL Monitor

Is there any way I can hook my CoCo 2
to my Tandy CMS? How else might I get
around using a TV with my CoCo 2?

A.W. Stone
Fernley, Nevada

There is no practical way to hook the
CM-5 to the CoCo 2. because the CoCo 2
does not produce any video output remotely
compatible with the CM-5's CGA TTL video
input. Some CoCo vendors, at one time,
sold adaptors that allowed hooking a com-
posite color monitor to the CoCo 2, but
these may no longer be available. In any
case, composite color monitors are rela-
tively hard to find at prices competitive
with cheap or used color TV sets.

Y-Cable Connectors
Where can I purchase the Kelt Am style
40-pin male and female edge connectors
needed to make a CoCo Y -cable?

Bill Film
San Diego

It may be the case that EAP Corporation
(P.O. Box 14, Keller, Texas; 817-498-4242)
still sells such connectors in small quanti-
ties to the public. If so. you are in luck. If
not. I know of no other place to get them in
quantities under a hundred.

To make such cables you must use Kell
Am brand, female card-edge connectors
with the Kell Am male or another brand of
row-reversing connectors. The Kell Am
male card-edge connectors hook to the
cable in a mirror image of the ordinary
female connector. Also, crimping a Kell
Am male card-edge connector to a cable is
a bit tricky. You must push each pin indi-
vidually with some blunt tool after the
initial crimping unless you own a special
SI50 die made specifically for crimping
such connectors.

PoCo/CoCo Connection

Can a CoCo he used to read and write a
Tandy Portable Disk Drive disk? This is the
sort of disk formatted on the Brother 3'A-
inch disk drive used with the Tandy Model
100, 102, 200 and WP2 lap computers.

Bruce Isted (OS9UGVP)
Calgary, Canada

The disks used are normal and ordinary
enough, but the format used is 40-track
single density. With proper assembly lan-
guage modifications to the DSKCON routine,
I believe you could have the CoCo reading
and writing that kind of information.

I think the data is written in IBM format
— the sort readable by the Western Digital
controller chip used in CoCo controllers.
I'm not familiar with the directory and file
allocation structure on such disks.

Some persons have found it easier to
decipher the codes used to talk to the Brother
unit via the serial line and use the entire
Brother unit connected with the CoCo or
IBM PC via a serial cable. To do that, you
need to incorporate a level converter in the
serial cable, because the lines coming out
of the Tandy Portable Disk Drive are RS-232
in timing, but TTL in level. Travelling
Software's LAPDOS does exactly this. Its
integral cable incorporates an MO45406P
CMOS level converter chip, which they
cleverly power from the PC's serial line
using diodes and capacitors.

I note with some amusement that the
IBM PC's standard floppy disk controller,
unlike that of the CoCo, would be utterly
unable to read Model 100 style disks di-
rectly in a 31/2-inch drive, because that con-
troller is. by convention, hard-wired for
double density and cannot read or write
single density under software control.

Your technical questions are welcomed.
Please address them to CoCo
Consultations. THE RAINBOW, P. 6. Box 3*5,
Prospect, kv 400S9.

We reserve the right to publish only
questions of general interest and to edit for
brevity and clarity. Due to the large vol-
ume of mail we receive, we are unable to
answer letters individually.

Questions can also be sent to Marty
through the Delphi CoCo sic;. From the
CoCo SKi> prompt, pick Rainbow Maga-
zine Services. Then at the raixbow>
prompt, type ASK (for Ask the Experts)
to arrive at the experts> hr

prompt , where you can select the "CoCo
Consultations" online form, which has
complete instructions.

WMuUICINb "PICO": A hUTIVUE-BRSEO PERSPECTIVE SYSTEM...
Pico creates, transform, assembles, end displays vlre-frase objects
In color from simultaneous perspective vlevs or orthogonal vlevs.
Rlthough Pico Is not yet a giant CflD program. It's capable of enormous
detail end object size -limited only by your disk size and speed.
Pico Is Intensively disk-based: users con view, copy, end delete
objects directly from the Kultl-Vue window. Users con also dir-
ectly execute Pico functions from the commend line or shell scripts;
or skip all the typing end cl Ick around through Pico menus and tablets.

Build up an object from available 30 primitives or copy ond
edit on old group of objects. Pico can assemble these objects,
or pieces, Into one new object; by doing this over and over again
complex objects con be viewed, scaled, moved, or rototed In o single
action, fl library of house ond furniture objects Is Included for fun I

Presently, Pico can only output 'merge" format droving files
(vleved vlth the Included "mvdvq ) or plot on the Tandy PC-695 Plotter
In the DH-PL plotting language (driver source code available).

•l/tLL.U 1*1$ oBBuT * I He Ml h H I n ' / t ,'

i MT PUB SISIBt IS S 55, PC-69S Plotter Driver S 6 tl/rlte far Source Coil
i Rll Products Require Coco 3, 65-9 Level 2, SI 2 1 Henry, tHultl-fue

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• Also Included Svppy leans For dove FIIFs, Hmuel, end h)>pl leaf Ions

• Rlu Included Saple Cbjeci Library, Pico Setup, end Sople Drtxlnqs
HvAq Is ovolloSle sepq-otely For % 7 (see Rjgust 1W.

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October 1 990

THE RAINBOW

The Assembly Line,

Part V: A New R.A.M.

by William P. Nee

Welcome to Pan V. This
month we" 11 teach your
computer how to read
and modify a BASIC
program while it's run-
ning. To get started, let's first review to-
kens (not the subway type), and program
lines and how the computer processes them.

All Aboard

There are many keywords in BASIC —
those commands used over and over again
like FOR. NEXT. PMOOE, RND, etc. When the
computer reads the lines in a BASIC pro-
gram, it first looks for those keywords. If it
finds one. the computer replaces it with a
token — either a one-byte number from S80
to SEO or a two-byte number from SFF80 to
SFFA7. Tokens are a map telling the com-
puter in a roundabout way where a specific
ROM routine is stored. These tokens are
usually shorter than the words they replace,
so the line is reduced in length and made
easier for the computer to process. Any-
thing that is not a keyword is replaced by its
ASCII value.

Where does the computer store this new
coded line? Locations $0019 and SOOiA
contain the address of the beginning of the
first line in the BASIC program currently in
memory. The location of the first line may
bounce around, depending on how much
memory you PC LEAR, whether you have a
disk, and other factors, but it's always
stored in S0019 and sooia.

Bill Nee reversed the snowbird trend by
retiring to Wisconsin from a banking ca-
reer in Florida. He spends the long, cold
winters writing programs for his CoCo. He
can be contacted atRt.2. Box 216C, Mason .

The format of this new line starts with a
two-byte number as the location of the next
line — sort of a computer line number.

Teaching your

computer to

read and

modify BASIC

Another two-byte number represents the
basic program line number. If the basic
program starts with Line 10. it is translated
as S000A. This is followed by the line itself,
using tokens whenever possible or the
character's ASCII value. Finally, a zero
signifies the end of a line.

Let's look at an example of a computer
line and translate it to basic. Assume S0019
and sooia contain S2601 ; start there and read
everything through the end of the line up to
zero:

2601-26 11 00 0A C8 34 2C 31 3A
BC 3A BF 31 2C 30

The first two bytes indicate the next line
begins at memory address $2611; the next
two are the current basic line number —

Suooa or io. Since the next byte is greater
than S7F, it must be a token, and. sure
enough, SC8 equates to PM0DE. S34 is the
hexadecimal ASCII value of 4, S2C repre-
sents a comma, and S3 1 represents a 1 . The
next value, S3A, stands for a colon.

At this point I'd like to point out the
advantage of combining lines. Every line
uses at least four bytes of memory: two for
the next line location and two for the line
number. By combining lines you can save
those four bytes, reduce memory, and de-
crease execution time. You must add a
colon for each combined line, but you also
eliminate the zero at the end of lines. Back
to the example. Finished decoding yet?
Yes, it's just the BASIC PM0DE, PCLS and
SCREEN commands.

Play by Play

Now let's put what we've learned to
some use. This is definitely a job for ma-
chine language. I learned this while I was
working on a basic program in which I
wanted to define variables without stop-
ping the basic program, but the system
wouldn't let me. I could enter an actual
number but not an assignment for a vari-
able, even if it was previously defined. I
had to modify the program as if I were
rewriting it each time with new variables.
Machine language provides a good solu-
tion to this problem.

Listing 1 is a machine-language pro-
gram that lets you modify a given line in
your BASIC program: then the BASIC pro-
gram runs as if you had rewritten it. Just tell
the machine language routine the line
number you want to modify and enter the
change.

Let's modify Line 40 (of Listing 2),

THE RAINBOW October 1990

i L

which presently reads DEF FNF(X)- fol-
lowed by a lot of spaces. (Make sure to read
the Up and Running section before enter-
ing Listing 2.) So far, 12 spaces of that line
have been used by the computer — two for
the location of the next line, two for the
BASIC line number, one for the token for
DEF, a space, one for the token for FN. four
for the ASCII values for F( X ) and one for the
token for "equals." Sart with the 13th loca-
tion and begin replacing those spaces with
your own tokens or ASCII values.

The BASIC line number passed to the ML
program is stored in LINE. Next the pro-
gram loads Register Y with the location of
the first program line and Register X with
the BASIC line number. This is compared to
the value in LINE; if it's not the same.
Register Y is reloaded with the location of
the next line and Register X with that line
number. Eventually, Register X will be the
same as LINE.

When a match is found, the location in
Register Y is increased by 13 since this is
where we will begin storing our informa-

tion. The subroutine at SA390 stops the
program and waits for the input. When
you've finished, the program begins to
parse, or read, what you just entered. Since
the goal of our sample session is to modify
a math program, we'll only look for tokens
related to math functions (+, -, SIN. SQR,
EXP, etc.). At the end of the subroutine the
information is stored in a buffer starting at
S02DD, and Register B contains the length
of the input (not tokenized) plus one.

To begin, load Register X with S02DD
and decrease Register B by one. Now load
Register A with the first buffer character
and compare it to a plus sign. If the com-
parison is true, store the token for a plus
sign (SAB) at the location in Register Y,
increase Register Y by one, and decrease
Register B by one. If the first characterisn't
a plus sign, go to the next check for a minus
sign.

Take a look at the LOG check (Line 500).
If the first character is L. the program
assumes you typed LOG, since no other
keyword in this program begins with L.

Now move the input location in Register X
over a total of three spaces, decrease Reg-
ister B by three, and add SFF99 (the token for
LOG) to the line. What if two keywords
begin with the same letter? If the character
read is an A, this could mean ATN or ABS.

In Lines 860 through 900 you can see that
after reading the A, the program has to
check the next character. If it's a T, you
must have typed ATN; if it's not, you entered
ABS. In either case, eliminate three charac-
ters from the input by moving Register X
over three spaces and decrease Register B
by three.

The only other problem arises when the
routine comes across an E. At the begin-
ning of the basic program I defined P as
3.14159 (PI) and E as 2.71828 (natural log
base). So, when the routine encounters an
E, does this mean the variable or the keyword
EXP? In lines 1 180 through 1240 the routine
must again check the next letter; this time if
it's not an X, you meant to use just E. If it
is an X, the program inserts the token SFFV7
into the line. You can define other variables

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ShellMate is the epitome of what a point and click file
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"Parent" command.

System Requirements (both programs)
CoCo3, OS-9 LVL II. Multi-Vue. Disk Drive and 512k

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»••

October 1 990 THE RAINBOW 55

in Ihe BASIC program; just don't let them be
the first letter of any of the keywords.

If you were only going to run the pro-
gram once, it could end here. But if you ran
it again and defined a function with fewer
characters, all those leftover ones from the
old function would still be in the line — a
guaranteed crash. The program must keep
inserting blank spaces in the line until it
reaches zero (the actual end of the line).
Anything in the line from a previous run
has been erased.

Up and Running

After you've entered Listing 1, check
for errors with A/NO/NS/WE; when it's er-
ror-free, save the source code with W
INPUT. SRC and assemble it with A INPUT.BIN
/NS/WE.

Listing 2 is the BASIC program. It auto-
matically loads the machine language por-
tion if necessary. Extended BASIC defines
ten USR locations you can identify (USRO
through USR9); use just one. Line lOdefines
USR0-&H7000. the execution address. Now
any number can be passed to the machine
language program. Line 30 does this with
ZZ-US RO ( 40 ) passing 40 as the line number
to be modified; ZZ is just a dummy variable.
Lines 70 and 90 pass 80 and mo to the
machine language program as two other
lines to be modified. Be sure to type lines
40, 80 and 100 as written, leaving enough
blank spaces — each line presently has 27

spaces after the equal sign (=), which are
represented as vertical bars in the listing.
Notice that the variables in lines 80 and
100 will also come out thirteen spaces over,
but that's no problem. The BASIC program
is used to calculate the value of any integral
function between Value A and Value B.
Using the Gauss formula for the approxi-
mate integral:

(B-AMFN F((B+A)/2+(B-A)/2/SQR3)
+FN F((B+A)/2-(B-A)/2/SQR3))/2

The program computes 1024 intervals,
adding them together and keeping track of
the absolute value as it goes along. This is
useful for finding the area between any two
functions or the area between a function
and the x axis. When the program asks for
the lower and upper limits, you can enter a
number or variable P, E, SQR(3), etc. Try
doing that in BASIC.

There is room for two different sets of
lower/upper limits — usually A, B, B, C or A,
B, C, D. When the program has finished
computing the value, it indicates possible
roots (where the function crosses the .v axis)
and what fraction of P the roots are — so
many integrals involve a solution with P.
You can then request a plot of the function
between your lowest and highest limits.
The computations can handle division by
zero, but the plotting cannot without error
trapping.

Let's try a simple example. The integral
of l/x between 1 and any number is the LOG
of that number. Run the program and enter
1 / X as the function; for the lower limit enter
1 and for the higher, enter 10. You can see
both the actual value and absolute value
increasing. After 1024 intervals you get the
answer 2.30258509. Break the program and
type PRINT LOG(IO). Of course the com-
puter does this a little more quickly. Now
run the program and enter a function of
SIN(X)+C0S(X) from -P/2 to +P/2. The
actual value is 2, the absolute value is 2.828.
and there is a root at • P/4. Plot the function
and see if it looks like the answer.

Here's one more example. Try a func-
tion of SIN(X)-LOG(X)+EXP(X) between .2
and 1.4; you should get a result of 4.0509.

Experiment with the number of intervals
N in Line 1 10 — a smaller number gives
quicker but lessaccurate results. Functions
you can use in this program are:

SIN

INT

ATN
TAN

SQR
EXP

COS
ABS

LOG

Try adding the machine language rou-
tine to your own program with your own
vocabulary. Just be sure to pass the next
line after the ZZ-USRO function. In the next
article we'll use any leftover tokens to take
a bus ride on an endless tour. □

64K

Disk

Listing

1: INPUT

00100

ORG

$7000

00370

LDA

#$AD

00640

STA

,Y+

00110

START

JSR

$B3ED

00380

LBRA

INPUT

00650

LDA

#$95

00120

STD

LINE

00390

00660

BRA

INPUT

00130

LDY

$19

00400 DIVD

CMPA

#*/

00670

00140

AGAIN

LDX

2.Y

00410

BNE

POWER

00680 TAN

CMPA

#'T

00150

CMPX

LINE

00420

LDA

#$AE

00690

BNE

INT

00160

BEQ

CONT

00430

LBRA

INPUT

00700

LEAX

2.X

00170

LDY

00440

00710

SUBB

00180

BRA

AGAIN

00450 POWER

CMPA

#'"

00720

LDA

#$FF

00190

C0NT

LEAY

13. Y

00460

BNE

LOG

00730

STA

,Y+

00200

JSR

$A390

00470

LDA

#$AF

00740

LDA

#$96

00210

LDX

#$2DD

00480

LBRA

INPUT

00750

BRA

INPUT

00220

DECB

00490

00760

00230

00500 LOG

CMPA

#*L

00770 INT

CMPA

#"I

00240

READ

LDA

.X+

00510

BNE

COS

00780

BNE

ATN

00250

ADD

CMPA

#' +

00520

LEAX

2.X

00790

LEAX

2.X

00260

BNE

SUBT

00530

SUBB

00800

SUBB

00270

LDA

#$A8

00540

LDA

#$FF

00810

LDA

#$FF

00280

LBRA

INPUT

00550

STA

,Y+

00820

STA

.Y+

00290

00560

LDA

#$99

00830

LDA

#$81

00300

SUBT

CMPA

#■-

00570

LBRA

INPUT

00840

BRA

INPUT

00310

BNE

MULT

00580

00850

00320

LDA

#$AC

00590 COS

CMPA

#*G

00860 ATN

CMPA

#'A

00330

LBRA

INPUT

00600

BNE

TAN

00870

BNE

SQR

00340

00610

LEAX

2.X

00880

LDA

,X++

00350

MULT

CMPA

#'*

00620

SUBB

00890

SUBB

00360

BNE

DIVD

00630

LDA

#$FF

00900

CMPA

#-T

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

00910

BNE

ABS

01090

STA

,Y+

01270

SUBB

00920

LDA

#*FF

01100

LDA

#$9B

01280

LDA

#$FF

00930

STA

,Y+

01110

BRA

INPUT

01290

STA

,Y+

00940

LDA

#$94

01120

01300

LDA

#$97

00950

BRA

INPUT

01130 SIN

LDA

#*FF

01310

00960

01140

STA

.Y+

01320

INPUT

STA

.Y+

00970 ABS

LDA

#$FF

01150

LDA

#$85

01330

DECB

00980

STA

,Y+

01160

BRA

INPUT

01340

LBNE

READ

00990

LDA

#$82

01170

01350

01000

BRA

INPUT

01180 E

CMPA

#*E

01360

FILL

LDA

01010

01190

BNE

INPUT

01370

BEQ

DONE

01020 SQR

CMPA

§'$

01200

LDA

01380

LDA

#32

01030

BNE

01210

CMPA

#'X

01390

STA

.Y+

01040

LDA

.X++

01220

BEQ

EXP

01400

BRA

FILL

01050

SUBB

01230

LDA

#'E

01410

DONE

RTS

01060

CMPA

#•0

01240

BRA

INPUT

01420

LINE

RMB

01070

BNE

SIN

01250

01430

END

START

01080

LDA

#$FF

01260 EXP

LEAX

2.X

80 196

170 104

250 73

340 214

END 238

Listing 2: INPUTBAS

10 CLEAR500.&H7000-1:DEFUSR0-&H7

000: IF PEEK(&H7000)O189 THEN LO

ADM" INPUT": POKE &HFF40.0

20 CLS:E-EXP(1):P-4*ATN(1)

30 PRINT"F(X)-";:Z2-USR0(40)

40 DEF FN Fm-|||||||||||||||||

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1

50 PRINT@32."";:INPUT"H0W MANY I

NTEGRALS [1] ";XX:IF XX<-0 THEN

XX-1 ELSE IF XX>2 THEN 50

60 FOR QQ-1 TO XX: PRINT"INTEGRAL

"QQ"-"

70 PRINT"LOWER LIMIT "::Z2-USR0(

80 A(OQ)-|||||||||||||||||llllll
90 PRINT"UPPER LIMIT ";:ZZ-USR0(

100B(QQ)-|||||MIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

110 PRINT:NEXTQQ:TA-0:AA-0:RR-0:
MX-0:N-1024

120 FOR QQ-1 TO XX:SU-0:SA-0
130 XH-(B(Q0)-A(QQ))/N:X2-XH/2:X
R-X2/S0R(3)

140 S1-A(QQ)-X2-XR:S2-A(QQ)-X2+X
R

150 S-SGN(FNF(S1+XH)+FNF(S2+XH))
160 FOR K-l TO N

170 SS-SGN(FNF(S1+K*XH)+FNF(S2+K
*XH)):IF SSOS THEN S-SS:RR-RR+1
:R(RR)-A(QQ)+(B(QQ)-A(QQ))*(K-1)
/N

180 VV-FNF(S1+K*XH)+FNF(S2+K*XH)
:IF ABS(VV)>MX THEN MX-ABS(VV)
190 SU-SU+VV:SA-SA+ABS(VV)
200 PRINT@32*(4*QQ-2)+13.USING"#
###+###.########" :K.SU*X2
210 PRINT@32*(4*QQ-1)+18.USING"+
###.########" : SA*X2 : NEXTK
220 SU-SU*X2:TA-TA+SU:SA-SA*X2:A
A-AA+SA : NEXTQQ

230 PRINT@32*(4*XX+1).USING"T0TA
L AREA +».#«#";TA
240 PRINTUSING"ABS AREA +###.
•;AA

250 IF RRO0 THEN PRINT"R00T CHA

NGES AT -":F0R R-l TO RR:PRINTUS

I NG"+### . ###### P*+## . ##" : R( R ) . R

(R)/P:NEXTR

260 INPUT"ANY NEW LIMITS (Y/N) -

":A$:IF A$<>"Y" THEN 280

270 FOR N-l TO 14: PRINT@32*N. STR

ING$(31,32);:NEXT:G0T0 50

280 INPUT"WANT A PLOT (Y/N) -":A

$:IF A$-"Y" THEN 300

290 STOP

300 PM0DE4.1:PCLS:SCREEN1.1

310 LINE(128.0)-(128.191).PSET:L

INE(0.96)-(255.96).PSET

320 A-A(1):B-B(XX):YF-180/MX:IF

ABS(B)>ABS(A) THEN XF-100/ABS( B)

ELSE XF-100/ABS(A)
330 LINE(128+XF*A.96)-(128+XF*A.
96).PSET

340 FOR N-A TO B STEP 1/(B-A)/XF
350 Y-FN F(N):Y-INT(YF*Y+.5)
360 IF ABS(Y)>90 THEN 380
370 LINE-(128+XF*N.96-Y).PSET
380 NEXT

390 LINE(128+XF*B.96-Y)-(128+XF*
B.96).PSET
400 EXEC &HADFB
410 GOTO 260

fr^i

f The CAT is ]
Out of the Bag %%«

The 60Q- On R.T. Case which To receiue a free GEfiT
neatly houses ail componets demo disk write:

except tne monitor and k.im.At?-r\

keyboard. N rl J> H Computer Group

It contains one power supply P BOX L718

^ FOR V,pUR COCO
|V V COMPUTER!

(200W) connecting COCO 3, m-rT^™«rb n V n*20C4
SPBI (seuen pack Pus interface), "lerranw:*, ijji l»U71

and any combination of
floppy and hard disks.

October 1 990 THE RAINBOW

OS-9 Graphics Primitives

by Dale LPuckett
Contributing Editor

Many BASIC09 programs
have appeared in the
pages of this magazine
over the past several
years, but few of them
have paid tribute to the graphics end of
things. To help you understand OS- 1 ) graph-
ics and how you can use them in your own
programs, let's review some OS-9 graphics
primitives. I'll show you how to use them
from the command line or from within a
procedure file. Then, I'll discuss how to use
them within your own BASIC09 programs.

Getting Ready

Before you can exercise the drawing
commands built into OS-9 you must ensure
that your system is set up properly. Other-
wise, you'll be swimming in error mes-
sages. First and most importantly, you must
be working in a graphics window.

OS-9 supports six window types. Two of
these display text only; if you attempt to
draw on a text window, an error message
appears, which often does not indicate the
real problem. Text windows have several
advantages. Because they're much faster,
they're handy for people who write text-
based applications like word processors or
databases. Information is displayed three
to four times faster, and a text window uses
less memory.

Each of the four OS-9 graphics windows
give you a choice of resolution and number
of colors you can use. Both of these factors
affect the amount of memory required to
use the window. For example, a Type 5

Type Size

Colors Memory

Dale L. Puckett, a freelance writer and
programmer, serves as director-al-large
of the OS-9 Users Group and is a member of
the Computer Press Association. His user-
name on Delphi is DALEP: on packet-radio.
KOIIYD @ N4QQ; on GEnie. D.PUCKETT2;
and 011 CIS. 71446.71b.

01 40x24 text 8 2K

02 80x24 text 8 4K

05 640 x 192 pixels 2 16K

06 320 x 192 pixels 4 16K

07 640 x 192 pixels 4 32K

08 320 x 192 pixels 16 32K

Table 1: OS-9 Window Types

Color

Number

White

Blue

Black

Green

Red

Yellow

Magenta

Cyan

White

Blue

Black

Green

Red

Yellow

Magenta

Cyan

Table 2: Default Colors

window allows you to display 640-by-i92
pixels in two colors, and uses only 16K of
memory. To use four colors at this resolu-
tion requires 32K of memory. Unfortunately,
you cannot use more than four colors at this
resolution. To get more, you must switch to
a window with a resolution of 320-by-l92
pixels. A four-color, low-resolution win-
dow uses 16K of memory, while a 16-color
window gobbles up 32K. Table 1 lists the
OS-9 window types and characteristics.

I usually use a Type 7 window for most
of my projects, since it presents the best
compromise between resolution and the
number of colors. Speaking of colors, you
also need to know each color's palette
number before you can issue the proper
command to set the foreground, background
and border colors of your windows and
various drawing tools. The default colors
are listed in Table 2.

Before you can draw, you need to make
a number of decisions regarding the type,
size, location and color of the window you
want to use. Once you've made up your
mind, you must translate the numerical
values to the proper numbering system. If
you are sending graphics commands to
OS-9 from the command line (OS9: prompt),
you must speak in hexadecimal notation.
When you're programming in BAS1C09 and
running gf x2 commands to do your draw-
ing, you'll be able to send commands with
decimal numbers.

Several other commands must also be
issued before you can use OS-9's drawing
commands. For example, since you are
using graphics windows, you must merge a
set of fonts into the system. Otherwise, you
won't be able to see the commands you are
typing. Do this by entering:

merge /dd/sys/stdfonts >/w

You must also merge a set of pointers and
patterns into the system. Use the following
commands:

merge /dd/sys/stdptrs >/w
merge /dd/sys/stdpats_4 >/w

os-9 uses the images stored in the
stdfonts file todraw letters on your graph-
ics windows when you type. The images
stored in the stdptrs file are used to draw
the various mouse pointers on the screen,
and the stdpats_4 file makes it easy to fill

THE RAINBOW October 1 990

an enclosed area in a window with a num-
ber of standard patterns. You ' II want to add
these commands to your startup file, since
they're needed each and every time a graph-
ics window is opened.

You can change the type of OS-9 window
currently selected. In fact, most applica-
tions set up the type of window required.
Indeed, one of the handiest tools you can
have is a procedure file or merge file you
can use to create a desired window type on
the fly. I have three of these files stored
permanently in my root directory (/dd) —
mtw, mgw5 and mgw7. To change the window
I'm working in to an 80-by-24 text window,
I type:

merge /dd/mtw

The transformation occurs almost as fast as
you can blink your eyes. First, the original
window goes blank. Then a second later, a
new window pops onto the screen, fol-
lowed by the prompt for the Shell I'm
running in the window. Let's create these
files for you.

To get the job done, you need to close
the device window you're using, create a
new window, select the font to be used in
the window and select the window we have
just created. These individual commands
will do the job:

display lb 24

display lb 20 2 50 18 1 4

display lb 3a c8 01

display lb 21

This sequence is used to create my mtw file.
To create mgw5 and mgw7, substitute one of
the two lines below for the second of the
previously listed commands:

display lb 20 5 50 18 1 4
display lb 20 7 50 18 1 4

Notice that only the number that deter-
mines the type of window has been changed.
Notice also that when you use the display
command to send graphics commands to
OS-9, you must use hexadecimal numbers.
The upper right confer of the window is at
coordinate 0.0. Each is 50 hexadecimal
characters (80 decimal characters) wide.
Likewise, the hexadecimal 18 creates a
window 24 (decimal) lines deep. Stand by!
It gets more complicated when you start

dealing with 640 pixels on a line and have to
write that in hexadecimal.

Next use the bu i 1 d or edi t command to
store the four-line sequence in a file named
MakeTw. Assuming it is stored in your cur-
rent data directory, type Ma keTw at the Shell
prompt and OS-9 will treat it as a procedure
file to change your window type.

Now let's add two additional steps to the
process and make a merge file that works a
bit faster than a procedure file. First note
that you do not need to type all four of the
lines above. Rather, you can type:

display lb 24 lb 20 7 50 18
1 4 lb 3a c8 1 lb 21

Action

Code

Coordinates

Arc

lb 52

Radius. Area

Bar

lb 4a

Opposite corner

Bar (relative)

lb 4b

Offset to opposite comer

Box

lb 48

Opposite comer

Box (relative)

lb 49

Offset to opposite comer

Circle

lb 50

Radius

Ellipse

lb 51

Horiz & Vert radius

Line

lb44

Opposite end

Line (relative)

lb 45

Offset to opposite end

Line (and move)

lb 46

Opposite end

Line (relative & move)

lb 47

Offset to opposite end

Point

lb 42

Location

Point (relative)

lb 43

Offset to location

Action

Code

Parameters

Kill device window

lb 24

Kill overlay window

lb 23

Make device window

lb 20

Type, location.size. colors

Make overlay window

lb 22

Save switch, location, size

Position draw pointer

lb 40

Location

Position draw ptr (rel.)

lb41

Offset to location

Position graphics cursor

lb4e

Location

Change background color

lb 33

Color number

Change border color

lb 34

Color number

Change default color

lb 30

Change foreground color

lb 32

Color number

Change palette color

lb 31

Palette #. Color Table #

Change working area

lb 25

Location, size

Bold text

lb 3d

for plain, 1 for Bold

Proportional text

lb3f

for plain, 1 for Proportional

Transparent text

lb 3c

for plain, 1 for transparent

Select drawing logic

lb2f

for none, 1=AND. 2=OR. 3=XOR

Select font

lb 3a

Group #. Buffer #

Select graphics cursor

lb 39

Group #. Buffer #

Select pattern

lb2e

Group #, Buffer #

Select window

lb 21

Group #, Buffer #

Fill screen area

lb4f

Get screen image

lb 2c

Group, buffer, location, size

Put screen image

lb 2d

Group, buffer, location

Scaling

lb 35

0=Off, 1= On

Table 3: Display codes for graphics commands

October 1 990

THE RAINBOW

Better yet, store this line in a procedure file
named MakeGW7. Then type the following
line at the Shell prompt:

makegw7 >mgw7

If you're curious, type dump mgw7 and look
at the contents of the file. If not, just type
merge mgw7 and press ENTER.

Viola! You should now have a four-
color. Type 7 graphics window in front of
you. Notice that all of the commands above
assume that you created the procedure file
in your current data directory and are still in
the same directory when you try to use it.
Again, since I use the files almost every
few minutes, I leave them stored in my root
directory ( /dd). This lets me get at them in-
stantly from anywhere in OS-9's hierarchi-
cal directory system without needing to
remember which directory I stored them in.
It also saves typing.

Let's examine the four-line sequence
above a little closer. The word display
merely runs the OS-9 display command.
You can use this utility to print characters
on the screen that aren't really printable.
The IB is the escape character. It tells the
Input/Output routines that the next charac-
ter is special. The two-character sequence
lb 24 tells OS-9 to end or close the current
device window. When CC3I0 sees this
sequence, it calls an internal routine named
DWEnd for Device Window End. Likewise,
the sequence lb 20 calls DWSet, and lb 21
calls OWSel ect. Perhaps this BASIC09 code
that does the same job will make it easier to
understand:

RUN gfx2( "DWEnd")

RUN gfx2("DWSet".7.0.0.80 24.1.0.4)

RUN gfx2("Font". 200.1)

RUN gfx2("Select")

Drawing From the Command Line

If you want to maintain your sanity
while working with graphics using display
commands, you need a table of codes at
your fingertips. Table 3 should fill the bill.

When you draw with the display com-
mands, you are giving the location of the
various objects using hexadecimal nota-
tion. The horizontal coordinates can be any
number from to 639. There are 192 avail-
able pixels vertically, from to 191. Be-
cause remembering the Hexadecimal value
of 540 — or any random number — can be
quite taxing, you'll want to get a decimal-
to-Hex conversion chart. Perhaps you can
write a BASIC09 program to print one, using
the HEX $ function.

Before you begin to draw using the
drawing commands, it is helpful to sketch

a plan on a piece of graph paper. Most
graph paper is numbered from o to 24 along
the horizontal axis and from to 18 along
the vertical axis. If you multiply every
horizontal grid position by 30, you will
have grids representing pixels Othrough 660
in 30-pixel increments. In the vertical direc-
tion, you can let each grid represent 10

hen you
draw with the
display com-
mands, you must
give the location
of the various
objects using
hexadecimal
notation.

pixels. This gives you pixels through 180
— just 12 pixels short of the 192 displayed
by your CoCo.

With this prep work out of the way, you
can pencil in a rough sketch of the final
drawing. The first step is to draw a rec-
tangle on a piece of graph paper. Make it 640
dots wide by 180 dots high. The rectangle
represents the entire (almost) screen.

To successfully draw with the built-in
graphic functions, you need to consider
two more issues. First, remember that you
are speaking hexadecimal when you work
with the display command. Because of
this, you must convert all pixel locations
from decimal to hexadecimal before typing
them. Secondly, remember the location of
the invisible draw pointer.

For example, if you intended to place
the draw pointer at a position 16 pixels over
and down from the upper left comer of the
window, you would immediately assume
you should type, display lb 40 16 16. Not
so! Decimal 16 is 10 in hexadecimal nota-
tion. If you knew this already, you are a
prime target for the next most common
mistake! You would just type, di spl ay lb
40 10 10, right? Wrong!

The internal data structures within the
graphics handling routines expect to re-
ceive integer parameters. The display com-
mand sends byte-wide data to the standard
output path. What to do? Simple, just send
the high-order byte of the integer, followed

by the low-order byte. For example, to
place the draw pointer 16 pixels down and
over from the upper left comer of the screen,
type:

display lb 40 00 10 00 10

If you plan on typing graphics com-
mands interactively using display, con-
sider another problem. If you are drawing
in the same window you are using to type
the commands, the prompts printed and the
characters you type can overlap your draw-
ing. It's not a pretty picture. Conversely, if
you redirect your drawing to a window on
another screen, you will need to use the
CLEAR key to move to the other screen
before you can see the results of your latest
command.

The solution is to create a small window
at the bottom of the screen, since you want
to see the picture as soon as you press
ENTER. In that small four-line window, you
can start a Shell. From its prompt, you can
redirect drawing commands to the larger
window in the top part of the screen. Enter
the following lines in a procedure file using
the bu i 1 d command or your favorite editor.

wcreate -z

/wl -s-7 80 20 2 4

/w2 20 80 4 2 7

display lb 21 >/w2
shell 1-/w2&

To run this procedure file, make sure it
is stored in your current data directory, then
type its name. Also, the wcreate, di spl ay
and shel 1 commands must already be loaded
into memory or stored in your current
execution directory. After you run this
procedure file, you can move to the Shell in
the green control window ( /w2) by pressing
the CLEAR key until the cursor moves to a
position behind the prompt in that window.

While you are drawing, you must also
know whether OS-9's automatic scaling
feature is turned on or off. To turn it on,
type this line:

display lb 35 1 >/wl

To turn it off, type the following:

display lb 35 >/wl

If you draw with scaling turned off, be
absolutely certain the coordinates you pass
to the drawing commands are indeed within
the window you are using. If you tell OS-9 to
draw outside the window, you'll receive an
Error 189 — Illegal Coordinates. If you

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

OS-9 Level li

■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ — -""■• ~- -■■■ ■■"■

Listing 1: Objects. scr

display c ;* clear screen

display lb 32 2

-.* foreground color black

display lb 40

46 a :* place cursor

display lb 48

8c 3c :* draw box

display lb 40 1

4a 20 :* draw pointer to circle center

display lb 50

32 :* draw circle

display lb 40 1

e0 14 :* position pointer

display lb 48 2

60 28 :* draw another box

display lb 40

68 5a :* position for ellipse

display lb 51

58 12 :* draw ellipse

display lb 40

e8 46 :* position for another box

display lb 48 1

a8 60 :* draw box

display lb 40 2

la 5a :* position for second ellipse

display lb 51

40 12 :* draw ellipse

display lb 40

10 80 ;* position cursor

display lb 48

c8 96 :* draw another box

display lb 40 1

4a 80 :* position cursor

display lb 50

30 ;* draw a circle

display lb 32 3

:* make foreground green

display lb 40 1

e0 80 :* position

display lb 4a 2

60 96 :* draw bar

display lb 32 2

:* color back to black

display lb 40 1

4a 8c :* move into circle

display lb 2e cc 01 :* select dot pattern

display lb 4f ;

* flood circle with dots

display lb 40

20 90 ;* move inside rectangle

display lb 32 3

:* make it green

display lb 2e cc 02 :* vertical line pattern

display lb 4f :

* and fill it

display lb 2e

; * you MUST turn pattern off

:* now you write the commands to fill the rest

:* before you draw again

display lb 32 1

;* make color blue

display lb 40

5 5 :* to upper left corner

have scaling turned on, your objects may
not be drawn exactly where you expected
because OS-9 scales them to fit. The scaling
feature is useful because it gives you a way
to draw an object to full scale (640-by-192
pixels) but display it in a smaller window.
The more pixels you have available while
drawing, the better your finished product
looks.

While you're drawing, remember to keep
track of the draw pointer at all times. Issue
a position draw pointer command before
each drawing command, unless you want
several objects drawn from the same start-
ing position. Type the procedure file shown
in Listing 1 to get a feel for how the OS-9
graphics commands work.

Notice that since this is an OS-9 proce-
dure file, we will be feeding it to a Shell for
processing. For this reason, I used the
semicolon to separate the actual commands
on each line from the comments that tell
you what to expect will happen. The aster-
isk is the comment symbol. (If you are
using Shell+ , be sure to disable wildcards if
you enter the comments!) Also notice that
if you need to print a text message in your
window, you must use di spl ay to send a
string of characters to the window. If you
use the echo command instead, you send a

;" ' 'pS'SoxtSS" '"\

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and RGB-DOS . . .

Bolh HYPER-I/O and RGB-DOS are
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use with 64K software. HYPER-I/O
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I available lor in-stock items,

i Software upgrades $5.00 each with
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October 1 990

THE RAINBOW

carriage return to the window and move the
objects you have drawn.

To try the procedure file above, use an
editor to enter it into a file named Objects.
After you've saved the file, type:

objects >/wl

The objects drawn should pop onto the
screen rather quickly.

Now that you understand the graphics
primitives built into OS-9, it's time to get
creative. You can use a procedure file similar
to Objects to handle many chores, such as
drawing a startup screen for an application
program. How about using it for a To Do
list or a telephone message form? Just
about anything you can draw by hand can
be drawn with these graphics primitives.

Getting and Putting Images in a Buffer

With your drawings created on the screen,
you can save them into a bu ffer and display
them instantly whenever you need them.
Here's an example. Let's recreate the first
circle from our procedure Objects, capture
the image on the screen into a buffer and
print it elsewhere in the window. Listing 2
does just this.

After clearing the screen with the first
line, move the draw pointer to the upper
right portion of the screen and draw a circle.
Then use the GetBl k commands to capture
the image into a buffer in memory. Once
that buffer is in memory you can print it
wherever you like, whenever you like. I
printed three — one in the upper left comer
of the screen and two low on the screen just
to each side of the center. Note that if you
make a mistake while typing the display
codes for the GetBl k command, you must
kill that buffer using the command display
lb 2a group buffer before retyping the line
to GetBl k Pixels.

Listing 3 shows the BASIC09 code that
does exactly the same job for you. Notice
that the pixel locations here are expressed
in decimal instead of hexadecimal.

Finally, the start of a generic calendar
you can build on is shown in Listing 4.
Perhaps it will be the first of many screen
forms you can use daily on your Color
Computer. The listing draws the lines for
the calendar. You need to use the proper
display commands to position the text
cursor and then use display to print the
names of the month and the individual
days, as well as the actual numerical date.

If you want to get snazzy, draw some
symbolic images, put them in a buffer and
print them in the squares to represent vari-
ous dates. Once you have your calendar the
way you like it, you can merge the display

codes into a merge file and display it on the
screen whenever you like. Perhaps you'll
want to see it every time you boot OS-9 on
your CoCo. Have fun experimenting!
Another Special Treat

Kevin Darling, the OS-9 guru, uploaded
a new gfx2 package to the OS-9 SIG on
Delphi and the OS-9 SIG on CompuServe in
mid-July. This new gfx2 package is far

superior to the original gfx2 from Tandy. If
you have access to Delphi or CompuServe,
by all means jump online and download it.
If not, find a friend who can download it for
you. llisanutsr havel While you 're at it, get
a copy of Kevin's fast graphics patch from
one of these online*>ervices. You'll find
graphics routines ran a full five times faster.
Your programs will be much more impres-

display

9b ;*

draw

box

around

everything

display

i!9

posi tior

text

cursor

;* Pr1n

osing

message

display

61 74 27 73 20

4c 4c 2B

6f 6c 6b

Listing

GetPutDemo.scr

display

:lear

screen

display

1 4a

20 :*

draw pointer

to center of

circle

display

:* draif

circle

* Now store the circle in

group #80. bu

fer #1

display

50 1

1 16

70 48 :* get image 1n buffer

displ ay

50 1

;* put one in upper left

display

50 1

6f :* another

near center

displ ay

50 1

1 30

Listing 3: GetPutDemo.b09

PROCEDURE GetPutDemo

DIM W1nPath:BYTE

OPEN #W1nPath."/Wl":wRITE

RUN gfx2("clear") \ (* Clear Screen

RUN gfx2("Circle".330.32.50) \ (* Draw circle

RUN gfx2("Get". 80. 1.278. 0.112. 72) \(* Get circle Into buffer

RUN gfx2("Put". 80. 1.0.0) \(* Put 1t 1n upper left corner

RUN gfx2("Put". 80. 1.159. Ill) \(* Put 1n lower left center

RUN gfx2("Put". 80. 1.304. Ill) \(* Put 1n lower right center

RUN gfx2("Killbuff".80,l)

END

Listing 4: Calendar. scr

display c :* clear screen

display lb 40 30 19

position cursor

display lb 48 2 3f 9f

draw outside edge

display lb 40 31 la

make 1t

display lb 48 2 3e 9e

double thick

display lb 40 30 37

start of first line

display lb 44 2 3f 37

draw it

display lb 40 30 55

start of second line

display lb 44 2 3f 55

draw 1t

display lb 40 30 73

and third

display lb 44 2 3f 73

do 1t

display lb 40 30 91

just above last week

display lb 44 30 91

put it on screen

* Now do vertical dividing

1 1nes

display lb 40 46 19

top of first line

display lb 44 46 9f

draw it

display lb 40 96 19

top of second 1 ine

display lb 44 96 9f

»*

draw it

display lb 40 el 19

top of third line

display lb 44 el 9f

draw it

display lb 40 1 2c 19

top of fourth line

display lb 44 1 2c 9f

draw 1t

display lb 40 1 77 19

top of fifth line

display lb 44 1 77 9f

draw 1t

display lb 40 1 c2 19

between Friday and Saturday

display lb 44 1 c2 9f

draw It

THE RAINBOW October 1 990

Listing 5: DrawBox.b09

PROCEDURE

0000

000F

0024

002B

0032

0051

0064

0073

0088

0093

00A1

00C0

00D7

00EA

00F7

00F8

0107

0109

012A

0136

0137

0147

0157

0170

0171

017E

019F

01B4

01C9

0109

01EE

01F0

01F4

01F5

0208

0210

024B

DrawBox
DIM Grp_Ptr.Ptr_Arr.Ptr_Pen: INTEGER
Grp_Ptr:-202 \Ptr_Arr:-l \Ptr_Pen:-2
DIM WR.Cntnt: INTEGER
WR_Cntnt:-0

DIM valid.f1re.mx.my.area.sx.xy:INTEGER
DIM startx.starty.currx. curry: INTEGER
DIM scan rate. timeout. follow: INTEGER
scanrate:-3 Uimeout:-! \follow:-l
DIM ButtonDown.Buttonllp: INTEGER
ButtonDown:-l \ButtonUp:-0
RUN gfx2("SetMouse". scan rate. timeout. follow)
RUN gfx2("GCSet".Grp Ptr.Ptr_Pen)
RUN gfx2("log1c"."xor")
RUN gfx2("clear")

(* Main Loop *)
REPEAT

RUN gfx2("Mouse".valid.f1re.rax.my)
UNTIL flre-ButtonDown

startx:-mx \starty:-my

currx:-mx \curry:-my

RUN gfx2("SetDPtr".startx.starty)

WHILE ftre-ButtonDown DO

RUN gfx2("Mouse".valtd.f1re.mx.my)
IF currxOmx OR curryOmy THEN
RUN gfx2("box".currx. curry)
currx:-mx \curry:-my
RUN gfx2("box".currx. curry)
ENDIF
ENDWHILE

RUN gfx2("log1c". n off")

RUN gfx2("box".currx. curry)

RUN gfx2("GCSef'.0.0) \(* Turn graphics cursor off

END

sive as your menus begin to pop down
instead of slurp down.

The new gf x2 not only makes it easy for
you to write point-and-click BASIC09 pro-
grams with windows and menus (like MVFi-
nance in our April and July columns), but
it can make it very easy for you to experi-
ment with drawing programs using the
BASIC09 compiler.

To get started. 1 rewrote the code for the
DrawBox procedure from our KisSDraw series
to use the new gfx2 routines. SetMouse and
Mouse. The DrawBox procedure is a simple
program that clears the screen, turns on the
mouse and lets you draw one box.

To learn how to integrate DrawBox into a
full-fledged drawing program, compare the
code here to that in our KisSDraw series.
You can easily combine the menu routines
in the MVFinance program with the drawing
routinesfromK7SSD/-aM',modifiedlikeDraw-
Box here, to roll your own quick and dirty
graphics editor. You'll have a lot of fun in
the process. If there's enough demand,
maybe we can redo the project here in
"Kissable os-9."

Next month we'll cover Communica-
tions. I'll come up with something for
fellow hams. Until then, 73, put on the
shoulder pads and keep on hacking! /W\

Quality OS9 Level 2 Software

from

ColorS y stems
WPShel - A Word Processing Oriented Graphics Shell
(Editor/Formatter/&Spelling Checker NOT included!)
$22 complete. (Add $3 for overseas shipments.)
GAMES:

KnightsBridge - BRAND NEW! It's you against the CoCo,
with an element of chance thrown in!
CoC othello - The popular board game adapted for your
Color Computer 3.

CoCoYahtzee - The well known "Dice Poker" games,
(requires 80 column monitor)

Pyramid Solitaire - The best just got better! V3.0 of this
popular game is now available.

All game programs just $10 each or any three for $25.
I'll pay the shipping! All programs require at least 256K
except CoCothello which will run in 128K. All are
Mouse Controlled and require the Windlnt module.

Send chetk or Money Order to:

ColorS y stems

P.O. Box 540

Castle Hayne, NC 28429-0540

(NC residents please add 5% sales tax.)

BASEBALL
STATS

CALCULATOR
PROGRAM

MANY

APPLICATIONS!

Has 7 memory
banks. Includes
manual. 16K.
NOW $14.95

MAJOR LEAGUES
MINOR LEAGUES
ROTISSERIE

A professional yet
easy to use database
program that will
allow you to keep
track of your favor-
ite teams by year,
game no. and player.
Keeps track of 20
stats, including bat-
ting ave., ERA, hits,
ratio, at bats, HR's,
RBI's, walks, wins,
errors, earned runs,
innings pitched,
stolen bases, losses,
saves & final game
scores! Uses 32K.
ONLY S39.95

Send check or money order.

P.O. Box 3453, Carbondale, IL 62902

Specify CoCo 1, 2 or 3. Add $3.00 S/H.

FUNSTATS

A GENERAL
STATISTICS
PROGRAM
Computes 50
stats. Very easy
to use. Includes
manual. 32K.
JUST $39.95

October 1 990

THE RAINBOW

Turn of the Screw

EPROM Programmer
Part

by Tony DiStefano

Contributing Editor

I assume you have finished building
the EPROM programmer and are rea-
sonably sure it works. Of course you
have tested it using the guidelines in
Part ll of this series. As we all know,
hardware is only half of this project; the
other half is software. The software I have
written for the EPROM programmer is simple,
but it does the job. It is written completely
in assembly language.

We present this software in such a way
as to accommodate everyone. The most
common denominator here is BASIC — all
CoCo users have it, and just about every-
one knows enough about BASIC to be able
to enter the driver software in the form of a
BASIC program, as shown in the listing.

Enter the listing using the rainbow's
Check Plus system. This method works
well and is necessary with this type of
program — if you have just one character
wrong, the whole program may crash. With
a formatted disk in the drive, run MAKE PROM
to generate the machine-language EPROM
programmer software. Once you have the
software for the EPROM programmer, all
you have to do is load and EXEC it.

Next month I'll provide a manual of
sorts that explains how to use the software
and the programmer. This is required read-
ing for programming an EPROM. Some of
you more experienced users may be able to
use the programmer and software without
the reading the manual, but there is one
piece of information you will need — the
data buffer for the programmer starts at
$3000 and is as long as the selected EPROM.
Good Luck! □

Tony DiStefano is a well-known early spe-
cialist in computer hardware projects. He
lives in Laval Quest, Quebec. Tony's user-
name on Delphi is DISTO.

32KDIsk ^

• - ::: ::: ■ y • :: . ■::.....;.... — ... ..;■;. ...„...,, .|-...ii:.vl..

...!;.....:......!.....:.. — _ ' : !: . ' ' ' : : : ' V : ■' ' :|: : : : : :

1 ._

f 1

150 SAVEM"EPROMDR/BIN".&HE00.&H1
4EC.&HE00

i j

150 193

160 END

1070 18

1000 DATA 7F.FF.40.1A.50.BD.A9.2
8.30.8D

1150 ,59

1230 15

1010 DATA 4.81 .17.3. 19.CE.FF.51.

1310 ., 163

17.3

1020 DATA 5D.B7.3.89.81.31.27.11

1470 ,., 214

.81.32

1550 2

1030 DATA 27.8.81.33.27.4.81.34.

1630 ...62

26. DD

1040 DATA CC.40.0.20.3.CC.20.0.F

1790 .......... 47

D.3

1870 186

1050 DATA 80.C3.30.0.FD.3.86.17.

1950 37

2.FC

2030 105

1060 DATA 10.8E.0.0.6F.C4.6F.42.

2110 ...32

7F.3

2190 ........252

1070 DATA 83.5F.86.D0.97.8C.8E.0

2270 194

.0.9F

2350 .215

1080 DATA 8D.BD.A9.62.5C.26.FA.8

2430 .239

E.5.4A

2510 249

1090 DATA 9F.88.17.3.13.81.30.2E

2590 216

.2.20

2670 136

1100 DATA F7.81.36.2E.F3.AD.9F.A

END 118

0.2.34

1110 DATA 12.30.8D.5.E3.17.2.A9.
35.12

1120 DATA 81.31.27.21.81.32.10.2

The Listing: MAKEPROM

7.0.FD

1130 DATA 81.33.10.27.2.22.81.34

10 ' PROGRAM TO GENERATE THE

.10.27

20 ' EPROM PROGRAMMER SOFTWARE

1140 DATA 0.37.81.35.27.8.81.36.

25 ' ON DISK.

10.27

30 ' BY TONY DISTEFANO FOR

1150 DATA 0.4B.27.BD.16.91.8A.30

40 ' TURN OF THE SCREW.

.8D.5

50 '

1160 DATA ED.17.2.7B.8E.30.0.17.

60 • MUST DO A "PCLEAR 8" BEFO

!E 3.83

70 ' STARTING THIS PROGRAM.

1170 DATA 86.FF.BC.3.86.10.27.3.

90 CLEAR 500

97. Al

100 FOR 1 - &HE00 TO &H14EB

1180 DATA 5F.27.7.30.1.17.2.E0.3

110 READ A$

0.1F

120 X - VAL("&H"+A$)

1190 DATA 17. 2. C. 30.1. 20. E7. 30. 8

130 POKE I.X

D.5

140 NEXT 1

1200 DATA D7.17.2.53.8E.30.0.17.

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

Still pounding away at that keyboard?

Save Time and Money with a Combination Subscription!

SAVEupto19%~

when you buy a joint sub-
scription to the magazine and
either rainbow on tape or
rainbow on disk! A one-year
subscription to the rainbow
and rainbow on tape is only
$91 in the U.S., $108 in Can-
ada, $153 foreign surface rate
and $188 foreign airmail. A
one-year subscription to THE
rainbow and rainbow on
disk is only $115 in the U.S.,
$138 in Canada, $183 foreign
surface rate and $218 foreign
airmail.*

Every month, these convenient
services bring you as many as 24
ready-to-run programs. Using the
current issue of the rainbow as
documentation, all you have to do is
load and run them. A one-year com-
bination subscription to the rain-

bow and rainbow on tape or rain-
bow on disk give you more than 230
new programs! The typing time you
save can be spent enjoying your
CoCo!

RAINBOW ON TAPE
For No-Fuss Fun

Back issues of rainbow on tape
are available beginning with the
April 1982 issue. A single copy of
rainbow on tape is $10 within the
United States; U.S. $12 in all other
countries. The annual subscription
rate for rainbow on tape is $80
within the U.S.; U.S. $90 in Canada;
and U.S. $105 for all other coun-
tries.*

RAINBOW ON DISK
Offers OS-9 Programs

In addition to all the programs
offered on tape, part of one side of
rainbow on disk is formatted for the
OS-9 operating system. That means
you can now get all the OS-9 pro-
grams from the magazine — pro-
grams that cannot be put on tape.
Back issues of rainbow on disk are
available beginning with October
1986. Subscriptions to rainbow on
disk are $99 a year in the U.S. Cana-
dian rate is U.S. $115. All other
countries, U.S. $130. Single copy
rate is $12 in the U.S.; U.S. $14 in
Canada; and U.S. $16 in all other
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To order by phone (credit card orders only), call (800) 847-
0309, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST. All other inquiries call (502) 228-
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Look for our envelope located between pages 66 and 67 for
ordering individual subscriptions to the rainbow, rainbow on

TAPE and RAINBOW ON DISK.

YES! Sign me up for a joint 1-year subscription (12 issues) to:

D THE RAINBOW and RAINBOW ON TAPE
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for delivery of first copies. Joint subscriptions to the rainbow and rainbow on tape or rainbow on disk begin with the current issue.

Please note: While group purchases o! rainbow on tape and rainbow on DISK are permitted (and multiple subscriptions are even discounted, il purchased in one
order from a club), no license to make copies is conveyed or implied. Yes, your group may even purchase a subscription to our disk/lape services, bul such purchase
in no way authorizes that any copies be made of that original disk/tape. Specifically, this means thai the original disk/tape itself may indeed be kept in a club library
for use by members. However, a group purchase does not entitle club members, individually or as a group, to copy that disk/tape.
Unauthorized copying of any copyright product is strictly illegal. The copyright (right to make copies) is in no way conveyed in the purchase transaction

3.5B

1210 DATA A6.5F.A7.80.BC.3.86.27

.5.17

1220 DATA 1.EF.20.F2.16.3.67.30.

8D.5

1230 DATA F5.17.2.35.C6.4.17.94.

A1.10

1240 DATA 25.2.F0.8E.2.DD.17.3.6

0.86

1250 DATA D.AD.9F.A0.2.1F.10.17.

3.1

1260 DATA IF. 98. 17. 2. FC . 86. 20. AD

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1270 DATA 2.A6.84.17.2.F1.86.20.

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1280 DATA A0.2.7F.3.88.17.2.52.8

1.5E

1290 DATA 27. 51. 81. A, 27. 52. 81. D.

10.27

1300 DATA FF.B.81.30.25.EB.81.39

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1310 DATA 81. 41. 25. E3. 81. 46. 22. D

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1320 DATA DD.AD.9F.A0.2.17.2.2A.

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1330 DATA 25. F9. 81. 39. 23. 8. 81. 41

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1340 DATA 81.46.22.ED.B7.2.DE.AD

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1360 DATA 2. EF. IF. 10. IF. 98. 35. 10

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1370 DATA 16.FF.84.30.1F.16.FF.7

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1380 DATA 16.FF.7A.B6.3.89.81.32

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1390 DATA 0.87.30.8D.5.3A.17.1.9

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1400 DATA 30.0.C6.CC.E7.C4.A6.80

.A7.5F

1410 DATA CA.20.E7.C4.7F.3.82.86

.1.17

1420 DATA 1.39.7C.3.82.B6.3.82.8

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1430 DATA 27.E.C4.7B.E7.C4.A6.5F

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1440 DATA E7.C4.A1.1F.26.E3.B6.3

.82.48

1450 DATA 48. 17. 1.19. 34. 16. BF. 3.

84. 9E

1460 DATA 88.17.1.F9.86.20.AD.9F

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1470 DATA B6.3.82.C6.5.3D.1F.98.

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1480 DATA 24.9F.88.35.16.B6.3.82

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1490 DATA 26.10.C4.7B.E7.C4.A6.5

F. CA.84

1500 DATA E7.C4.A1.1F.10.26.1.F.

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1520 DATA A7.5F.17.1.D6.20.8F.30

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1550 DATA E7.C4.A6.80.A7.5F.CA.2

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1570 DATA 82.B6.3.82.81.F.27.E.C

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1580 DATA E7.C4.A6.5F.CA.84.E7.C

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1590 DATA 26.E3.B6.3.82.48.48.17

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1600 DATA 34.16.BF.3.84.9E.88.17

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1610 DATA 86.20.AD.9F.A0.2.B6.3.

82. C6

1620 DATA 5. 3D. IF. 98. 17.1. 92. 9F.

88.35

1630 DATA 16. B6. 3. 82. 81. F. 26. 10.

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1640 DATA E7.C4.A6.5F.CA.84.E7.C

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1650 DATA 10. 26. 0.7D. BC.3. 86. 27.

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1660 DATA 0.37.A6.80.A7.5F.17.1.

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1670 DATA 91.86.FF.A7.5F.C4.DF.E
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1690 DATA 30. 0.17.1. 76. A6. 80. Al.

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1700 DATA 3. 17.0. DC. BC.3. 86. 27. 5

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1730 DATA E7.C4.6F.41.39.34.10.C

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1770 DATA 4A.26.F6.CA.10.E7.C4.3

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1780 DATA 42.6F.C4.BF.3.84.30.8D

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1790 DATA 17. 0.6. 17.0. AD. 16. FD.l

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1800 DATA 10.8E.5.A3.9F.88.35.10

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1810 DATA A6.80.81.4.27.6.AD.9F.

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1820 DATA 20.F4.35.92.34.32.BD.A

9.28.30

1830 DATA 8D.2.BC.8D.E5.B6.3.89.

81.31

1840 DATA 27. E. 81. 32. 27. 10. 81. 33

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1850 DATA 30.8D.2.D6.20.10.30.8D

7 R8
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1870 DATA 2.B9.8D.BE.30.8D.2.2.8
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1880 DATA 35.B2.34.14.AD.9F.A0.0

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1890 DATA A.94.26.E.C6.B.D7.94.9

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1910 DATA 5E.BD.A7.D3.20.E0.C6.2

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1920 DATA 0. 88. 35. 94. F7. 3. 83. 34.

16. BF

1930 DATA 3.84.30.8D.2.8F.17.FF.

74.17

1940 DATA 0.1B.30.8D.2.89.17.FF.

73.17

1950 DATA 0.4D.30.8D.2.8A.17.FF.

69. A6

1960 DATA 5F.17.0.41.17.0.1C.35.

96.34

1970 DATA 16. BE. 3. 84. 30. IF. IF. 10

.83.30

1980 DATA 0.FD.3.84.17.0.2A.B6.3

.85

1990 DATA 17.0.24.35.96.AD.9F.A0

.0.81

2000 DATA 3.26.D.32.64.86.FF.A7.

41. C4

2010 DATA DF.E7.C4.16.FC.44.81.2

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2040 DATA 37.20.2.8B.30.AD.9F.A0

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6.80

2120 DATA 81. 30. 25. 26. 81. 39. 23. A

.81.41

2130 DATA 25. IE. 81. 46. 22. 1A. 80. 7

. 80 . 30

2140 DATA 68. 61. 69. E4. 68. 61. 69. E

4.68.61

2150 DATA 69.E4.68.61.69.E4.AB.6

1.A7.61

2160 DATA 20.D4.4D.35.90.D.D.20.

20.54

2170 DATA 48.45.20.44.49.53.54.4

F. 20.45

2180 DATA 50.52.4F.4D.20.50.52.4

F.47.52

2190 DATA 41. 4D. 40. 45. 52. D. 20. 20

.20.20

2200 DATA 20.20.20.42.59.20.54.4

F.4E.59

2210 DATA 20.44.49.53.54.45.46.4

1.4E.4F

2220 DATA D. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20

.20.20

2230 DATA 20.20.20.20.56.20.31.2

E.33.D

2240 DATA D.D. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20.

20.20

2250 DATA 31 .20. 2D. 20. 32. 37 .36.3

4.D.20

2260 DATA 20.20.20.20.20.20.20.3

2. 20. 2D

2270 DATA 20.32.37 .31 .32 .38. D. 20

.20.20

2280 DATA 20.20.20.20.20.33.20.2

THE RAINBOW October 1990

D.20.32

2290 DATA 37 .32,35 .36.20.31 ,2F. 3

2.D.20

2300 DATA 20.20.20.20.20.20.20.3

4. 20. 2D

2310 DATA 20.32.37.32.35.36.20.3

2.2F.32

2320 DATA D.D.D.20.43.48.4F.4F.5

3.45

2330 DATA 20.31 .2C. 20.32 .2C. 20. 3

3.20.4F

2340 DATA 52.20.34 ,3F. 20. 4 .45 .50

.52.4F

2350 DATA 4D. 20. 4E.4F. 54 .20.50.5

2.4F.47

2360 DATA 52 .41 .4D.4D. 45 .44.20.5

0.52.4F

2370 DATA 50.45.52 ,4C. 59. 20. 20. 2

0.20.41

2380 DATA 54.20.41.44.44.52.45.5

3.53.3A

2390 DATA 20.4 . D. 20.20.31 .2D. 45.

50.52

2400 DATA 4F.4D.20.45.52.41.53.4

5.44.20

2410 DATA 3F.D. 20. 20. 32. 2D. 50. 52

.4F.47

2420 DATA 52.41 .40.20.45.50.52 .4

F.40.2E

2430 DATA D. 20. 20. 33. 2D. 56 .45 .52

.49.46

2440 DATA 59.20.45.50.52 .4F. 40. 2

E.0.20

2450 DATA 20.34 .2D. 52 .45 .41 .44.2 .4B.21

0,45.50 2620 DATA

2460 DATA 52 .4F.4D.2E.D.20.20.35 20.20

.2D.52 2630 DATA

2470 DATA 45 .54 .55 .52 ,4E. 20. 54. 4 0.20.20

F.20,42 2640 DATA

2480 DATA 41 .53. 49.43. D. 20. 20. 36 0.20.20

.2D.45 2650 DATA

2490 DATA 58.41 .4D.49.4E.45 .2F.4 0.20.20

3,48,41 2660 DATA

2500 DATA 4E.47.45.20.4D.45.4D.4 0.20.20

F.52.59 2670 DATA

2510 DATA D.D.D.43.4F.4D.4D.41.4 .43.48

E.44 2680 DATA

2520 DATA 3A.20.D.D.53.54.41 .54. 6.4F.52

55.53 2690 DATA

2530 DATA 3A.D.4.20.20.45.50.52. .56.49

4F.4D 2700 DATA

2540 DATA 20.53 .45. 4C .45.43.54,4 D.20.54

5.44.20 2710 DATA

2550 DATA 49.53.20.41.20.4.32.37 9.4.56

.36.34 2720 DATA

2560 DATA D. 4 .32 .37 .31 .32.38.0.4 0.45.50

.32 2730 DATA

2570 DATA 37 .32.35.36.20.31 .2F. 3 .52.41

2.D.4 2740 DATA

2580 DATA 32.37.32.35.36.20.32.2 4.44.52

F.32.D 2750 DATA

2590 DATA 4,41.54,20.4.20.45.58. .41.52

50.45 2760 DATA

2600 DATA 43.54.45.44.20.4.20.46 3.53.3F

.4F.55 2770 DATA
2610 DATA 4E.44.20.4.20.2D.20.4F

D. 4. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20. 20.

20.20.20.20.20.20.20.2

20.20.20.20.20.20.20.4

45. 43. 48. 49. 4E. 47. 20. 4

20.46.46.27.53.4.4D.4F

4E.47.20.45.50.52.4F.4

4F.20.4D.45.4D.4F.52.5

45. 52. 49. 46. 49. 4E. 47. 2

52.4F.4D.4.50.52.4F.47

4D.4D.49.4E.47.20.41.4

45. 53. 53. 3A. 20. 4. 53. 54

54.20.41.44.44.52.45.5

20.4.0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0

/«»

UNDER OS-9: Buffered
read /write sector achieved
without halting the CPU
means no loss of time or
keyboard strokes. Mini
Expansion Bus for 1 Super
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included. $105

• Sockets for 4 DOSes

• Mini Expansion Bus for
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• Lowest Price Anywhere!

• Sockets for 2 DOSes $65

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author, Tony DiStefano:

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of the Screw"

The complete collection of
'Turn of the Screw" articles
fromjan'83tojur89. $15

DIST0

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Of memory in your COCO 3 with DISTOs

1 MEG Upgrade Kit.

Requires a 51 2K COCO 3 and soldering experience.
Kit includes 51 2K mem and all necessary hardware.
OS9 Drivers, by Kevin Darling, included.
Compatible with DANOSOFT's software.
Works with OBLIQUE TRIAD'S "Studio Works",
AND more to come! Ask your favorite software
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Hard Disk, Real Time Clock
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3IN1 Multi-Board Adapter

Real Time Clock, Serial &
Parallel Printer Ports. $65

RTC & Printer Interface

Rtime & Parallel Port. $35

MPROM Adapter

EPROM Programmer. $45

HDisk Adapter + RS-232
SCSI / SASI & RS-232 $50
Hard Disk Adapter $40
RS-232 Adapter $34

MEBII

A carrier for add ons. $25

RS-232 PAK $55

RGB to MONO

Monochrome video &
Audio adapter. $30
Project Board $10
Serial to Parallel

Converter $40

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O n w U j I C ■ Include S&H of $4 or $8 if order exceeds $65 MC/Visa Accepted Sorry: No personal cheques

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

Delphi Bureau

New Machines Coming

by Eddie Kuns

CoCo SIG Database Assistant

The biggest news in the OS-9 data-
bases this month concerns the new
computers being sold (hopefully,
by the time you read this) by
Kenneth Leigh Enterprises, the MM/
l; and Frank Hogg Laboratories, the Tom-
cat. Several postings, including Marty
Goodman's RAlNBOwfest news (posted
from the April '90 Chicago RAlNBOwfest),
discuss these two systems. Also, Paul Ward
of Kenneth Leigh Enterprises posted a press
release containing information about the
MM/l in the CoCo SIG Product Reviews &
Announcement section of the databases.
The SIG forums are abuzz with discussion
and excitement about the new machines!
The OS-9 utility 0S9Arc creates archive
files in the popular MS-DOS .ARC archive
format. The Extractor provides easy, menu-
driven access to Ar and Pak. two popular
archiving programs under OS-9. DAM gra-
phically illustrates how fragmented your
hard drive is.

The patch to CChec k allows it to work on
floppy drives. Matt Singer's upload in the
OS-9 Telecom section of the databases de-
scribes how to convert a Deluxe RS-232 Pak
so it can be used at the same time as an
unmodified one. As you might guess,
Disney Dwarves contains vef pictures of
the lovable Disney dwarves. Pi cWi n09 is a
graphics editor that requires a Hi-Res mouse
and Multi-Vue.

The CoCo SIG CoCo 3 Graphics section
of the databases saw the most action this
month. SPLITTER. IMG, uploaded by Rich-
ard Trasborg, is a demo picture that Mi-
chael Trammel] produced using a color

Eddie Kims is pursuing a PhD in physics at
Rutgers University. He lives in Aurora, Il-
linois and works as a programmer and
researcher at Fermilah. Eddie is co-man-
ager of the CoCo SIG: his username is
EDDIEKUNS.

splitter. Richard also submitted a number
of digitized pictures in various formats.
Donald Ricketts' patch to DS69View allows

hen I'm
writing the
"Database
Report," the
entry log is all
I have to go
on to find
people's real
names.

ssi»Bgaim8BB

the program to create and view 16-level
pictures and to use 40 tracks on a disk.

Alvin Kimball contributed a RAM disk,
including patches to allow it to be used with
EDTASM. Rick Adams released the latest
version of Delphiterm Version 3.0.

The Entry Log

One useful feature of Delphi is the Entry
Log. If you want to find the last time
someone logged on, all you need to do from
either SIG prompt is type ent username. If
you're not at either SIG prompt, but within
the forums (for example), you can type
/ent username instead. For example, to
find the last time I logged into Delphi, type:

0S9> ent eddiekuns

Eddie Kuns (EDDIEKUNS) last on at
25-JUN-90 23:45:55

Notice that the command also shows my
real name. When you joined the CoCo or
OS-9 SIG, you were prompted for your name;
this is the name shown when anyone uses
the Entry Log. Try this on yourself to find
out how your name is defined.

When I'm writing the "Database Re-
port." the entry log is all I have to go on to
find people's real names; so if you want to
be referred to in a particular way, you might
want to set your name. To do this, type set
name from either SIG prompt. Each SIG
keeps track of your name separately, so you
may want to set your name in both SlGs if
you belong to both. □

Database Report

General Information:

•

The MM/1 is here

MARTYGOODMAN

Marty Goodman

Games froaim ColorSystems

ZACKSESSIONS

Zack Sessions

Murphy's Law

NES

Eric Stringer

Utilities:

OS9Arc

POLTERGEIST

Brian Wright

SIZE.AR

COMPER

Glen Hathaway

The Extractor V 1.0

KMTHOMPSON

Kelly Thompson

Dam Improved for Speed

KMTHOMPSON

Kelly Thompson

REN - Rename with Wildcards

TRED

Robert DeBolt

Patches:

Dump Patch

DUANO

Duane Penzien

CChcck Patch

COCOXT

Chris Burke

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

Tclcom:

Use 2 RS-232 Paks ai Once
MATTSINGER

Graphics & Music:

Disney Dwarves

ZACKSESSIONS
Mandelbrot Fractals in VEF

FRANCALCRAFT
Chinese Folks Songs

BAMBOO
HSCREEN2 to VEF Conversion

ZACKSESSIONS
Coke 4096 VEF

MIKEHAALAND
Ballade Pour Adeline 2

MIKEHAALAND
Picture Window

Matt Singer

Zack Sessions

Frances Calcraft

John Kou

Zack Sessions

Mike Haaland

Tom Wood

(icneral Information:
More RAINBOWfest News
MARTYGOODMAN

Marty Goodman

The MM/ 1 is Here!

MARTYGOODMAN
Quick Rl'est Progress Report

MARTYGOODMAN
Pokes. Pecks and Execs

ROMULATOR

CoCo 3 Graphics:

SPLITTER.IMG

TRAS
Melonie Haller

TRAS
Maud Adams

TRAS
Candid Camera I

TRAS
Car Wash

TRAS
Car Wash 2

TRAS
Ingridl

TRAS
Bob Guccione's Girls. April

STEVEPDX
Bob Guccione's Girls, May 1990

STEVEPDX
DS69View Patches

STEVEPDX

Marty Goodman

Dan Konopka

Richard P. Trasborg

Donald Ricketts

Baywatchable - 4096

BERNIEO
All-Radio Operator

N3FWE
Printer Animation I

ROGERS
Madonna. Geddy and Winona

TRIUMPH
CHICAGO.GIF

DONHUTCHISON
Miami Mice (GIF)

DONHUTCHISON
Mickey Mouse Picture CM3

CHASGIBSON

Utilities & Applications:

RAMDiskforEDTASM
ALKIMBALL

Bernie Olsen
Steve Hancock
Roger Hallman
Dan Shargcl
Don Hutchison
Don Hutchison
Charles Gibson

Alvin Kimball

Product Reviews & Announcement:
Home-PAC

DESKMAN Bill Condie

NEW MM/1 Computer 1'orCoCoisIs

PKW Paul K. Ward

Telecommunications:

DelphiTerm Version 3.0
R1CKADAMS

Rick Adams

COMPUTER ISLWD EDL

PROGRAMS ON SALE THIS MONTH

$15 each-tape or disk

Spanish Baseball

French Baseball

Cloze Exercises-Grade 3,4,5,6 or7

(Please Specify Grade)
Context Clues- Grade2-3,4,5,6,7

(Please Specify Grade)
Chemistry Tutor
Graph Tutor

Graph-It (algebraic equations)
Punctuation Practice
Story Details-Grade 2-3 or 4-5

(Please Specify Grade)
Drawing Conclusions-Grade 3-4 or

5-6 (Please Speicfy Grade)
Math Quiz

Computer Island

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-J&

Now is k time to complete your Sundog collection!

We're gearing up for our new Fall line of Color
Computer software to complement our already
exceptional products. If you are missing out on
any of our titles, you cannot afford to pass over
this limited time offer.

Buy two or more of the folloiving Sundog products
and we'll slash off 10% from your entire purchase.

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Offer Clpires October .'I. I WO. Sec previous, feme* Ol Rainbow lor prodUCI descriptions and reviews.

Check, money order (US currency). Visa and
Mastercard, and COD orders accepted Only US
COD orders, please All foreign orders must be
credit card or US currency money orders.
Include $2.50 (or domestic snipping, including
Canada $5.00 for foreign shipping $3.00 extra for
COD orders PA residents please add 6% sales
tax Authors: we're looking for new software!

unooq

systems CJ

systems

21 Ed in burg Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15235
(412)372-5674

October 1990 THE RAINBOW

Not only does Tandy produce our favorite CoCo, we think it produces the best portable and
MS-DOS computers as well. We've found that when satisfied Color Computer users decide
to add portability or MS-DOS to their computing habits, many stick with Tandy. For these
people we publish PCM, The Premier Personal Computer Magazine for Tandy Computer
Users.

Each month in PCM, you'll find information and programs for the Tandy 1 00, 1 02 and 200
portable computers. And you'll find even more coverage for Tandy's MS-DOS machines —
from the graphics of the 1 000 to the power of the 5000.

PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM DISKS!

We learned from THE RAINBOW that readers want programs to type in , so each month we
bring you an assortment of them: games, utilities, graphics, and home and business
applications. For those who don't have time to type in listings, we offer a companion disk with
all the programs from the magazine. Also included in PCM each month is the Software
Shopper, an "onmail" database service from which you can order the latest shareware
products from our Delphi databases for Tandy MS- DOS and PC users — even if you don't have
a modem!

TUTORIALS AND PRODUCT REVIEWS!

As if all this weren't enough, we offer regular tutorials on DeskMate, telecommunications
and hardware; assembly language, BASIC and PASCAL programming tips; and in-depth
reviews of the new software, peripherals and services as they are released. Add it all up and
we think you'll find PCM to be the most informative and fun magazine for this market today!

YES! Please send me a one year (12 issues) subscription to PCM for only $28.* A
savings of 22% off the newsstand price.

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* Canadian subscribers U.S. $38. Surface rate elsewhere $64, airmail $85. Allow 6 to 8 weeks for first copy.
Kentucky residents add 6% sales tax. U.S. currency only, please.

Mail to: PCM, The Falsoft Building, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059

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Music 1-7

Ml - 8 Utilities & 8 Songs

M2- 17 Musica Files

M3 - 16 Musica Files ~> Requires Musica

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M5 - 25 Orchestra Files

M6- 23 .Bin Files Ready To Run

M7- 23 .Bin Files Ready To Run

ADVENTURES 1,2

Each Disk/Tape Contains
9 Great Adventures
Ready To Run

TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1-3

T1 - Haysae, Kermtt, Mikeyterm, TeleTerm
T2 -Cobbs BBs Terminal Package
T3 - GETERM Communications

GRAPHICS 1-14

GR1 - Atlanta, Cube, Space, *

GR2 - Objects, Wargame, Worldmap, •

GR3 - 9 Coco 3 Graphic Programs y,;rwn-y~- -j

GR4 - 22 Coco Max Pictures .■^',^ y J^~./.~

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GR7 - 15 Coco Max Picture*^

GR8 -22 .Bin Pictures ^ :

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GR13 - Macpaint Graphic Editor

GR14 - 5 Macintosh Pictures

- &* Our Ad Containing 250 Graph* Picture* Bievhere In ThaMagaiiK

UTILITIES 1-8

■ 12 Programs Each, 1-4 Require Disk •

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U3 - View 64, DiskAkJ, Disk Library, Atari, + —

U4 - AutoBcot. MacPicture, StateLog, UniBack, ♦
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U8 - Fig Forth Language With Tutiorial

GAMES 1-11

• Each Disk/Tape Contains 12 Programs ■

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Please turn to pages 31 & 93 lor our Subscription Software!

Education

CoCo 1 . 2 & 3

Writest 3.3

Writest, a program for helping teachers,
allows you to create matching, multiple-
choice, and short/long answer tests. It re-
quires a CoCo 1 , 2 or 3 with a minimum of
32K ECB, a disk drive or cassette recorder,
and a printer. While the program is not
copy-protected and is available on tape or
disk, this review is of the disk version.

The instructions for Writest are supplied
as a file on the disk. Included is an option to
send the directions to the screen or the
printer, though I would only recommend
screen printing as a last ditch effort. The
on-screen directions fill 43 screens. They
are printed in upper- and lowercase, mak-
ing for difficult reading in the 32-column
mode. You'll want to make a printed copy
for easier reference.

You create a test by following the menu
prompts. Once the test is complete, you can
supply a header, such as English Quiz 3 -
Fourth Period. Next, you may print the test
or save it to disk for printing at a later date.
Writest also allows you to print a key test
with correct answers. This is very useful for
grading papers. Another convenient fea-
ture is the ability to randomize the answers
for multiple-choice and matching tests.

We've seen programs before that let us
print simple text on paper. A handy feature
of Writest is its ability to support special
printing needs. The program includes print-
ing codes for using different type sizes,
underlining, graphing quadrants, using math
symbols and multiple fonts, and more. It's
almost like having a word processor just for
making tests.

My first reaction to programs claiming
to use printer codes is usually negative —
I wonder what page of the printer manual
I'll have to read. Writest simplifies the
process by merging the print driver of choice
to your Writest file. Now, you need only
enter the desired codes, which are listed on
a handy print-codes chart. The package
even includes a BASIC program. CODECARD,
to create a chart for you.

An added feature of this new version of
Writest is the print drivers. Earlier versions
limited printing to the Epson RX-80.
Currently Writest supports Epson,
Panasonic. Seikosha, Star (sgio/15), and
Tandy (DMP and dwp) printers.

I was bothered by the clarity of the
instructions provided with Writest. In its

present form, I find the instruction manual
somewhat difficult to decipher. I strongly
recommend the author have a novice try the
program and update the documentation
accordingly. This could only improve an
otherwise useful program.

I find Writest easy to use in creating and
modifying tests. If you are a teacher and
spend long hours at the typewriter creating
tests, this program is for you. It will save
you time and your students may appreciate
the appearance of their tests and quizzes.

(CoCosoft, Beech and Broadway, Box 665,
New House, NM 88121; 505-279-6455; $15
plus $2 S/H)

— Tonv Olive

Audio Tape

Hot CoCo!

The goal of today's personal computer
is to provide enjoyment while making the
things we do somewhat easier to accom-
plish. A perfect example of meeting this
goal is found in Hot CoCo!, a music audio
tape from MusicWare.

Hot CoCo! is a collection of original
compositions created on the Color Com-
puter using Lyra and CoCo MIDI 3, and
recorded using various synthesizers. Fea-
tured on the cassette tape are selections
written by Val Burke, Lester Hands, Mike
Stute and Mark Steele.

Val Burke, who has written articles for
THE RAINBOW, is obviously a jazz man.
Three of his four compositions, "Cantor
O'Reilly's Song," "What?" and "Lest I
Forget," offer a swing mood with a very
loose rhythm and blues feel. In "Lest I
Forget," Val's use of dynamics and reverb
give the music a very realistic depth. It
almost sounds as if a full band is playing.

In a serious turn, those who were moved
by the crisis in Beijing last year will appre-
ciate the emotion captured by "I Cry For
Tian Anmen." Throughout the piece, you'll
hear a rhythmic, oriental background mel-
ody. For me, the fact that it didn't vary was
very effective in illustrating a society in
which the controlling force is resistive to
change.

Also on Side A are four compositions by
Lester Hands, author of Musica and Lyra.
These include "Wish," "Jinx," "Mists" and

"Quartet." In contrast with Val Burke's
predominantly swing style, the first three
pieces tend toward a New Age/relaxation
style. You'll hear lots of strings and softer
instruments. Each piece really fits its title,
and little effort is required to get the feel of
the music.

With "Quartet," Lester Hands shows he
knows what the Baroque era was all about.
This score gives the listener an idea of how
Bach orGabrielli might sound, were they
alive today. Effective creation of New Age
music takes a lot of talent, and Lester has
done a magnificent job.

Starting off Side B is Mike Stute, author
of "The Lyra Companion." Mike provides
two works: "Stage of the World" and The
Order of Time. While it is harmonically
clean, I miss the point of the former. "Stage"
is slow, trudges along and attempts to build
to a melody but never quite gets there. It
would probably fit well as background
music in movies such as "Risky Business"
or "Kill Me Again."

"The Order of Time" makes more sense
to me, as it traces a time line from begin-
ning to end. The first three movements
"Genesis," "Eve of Destruction" and "Calm
Before the Storm" fit together well musi-
cally. I was a little disappointed, though,
upon hearing the final movement, "Arma-
geddon." I expected a climactic ending but
didn't get one. The music builds and builds,
but offers no closure. Perhaps this is a way
of saying time doesn't end?

The final musician featured on Hot CoCo!
is Mark Steele. In Fanfare & Overture in G
and "Invention #2 in D Minor" Mark does
an excellent job of mixing classical styles
with progressive techniques to achieve a
clean. New Age sound. He composes with
the accuracy of Mozart, the harmony of
Bach and the precision of the more contem-
porary Mannheim Steamroller.

Mark's third piece, "March of the Mini-
ature ET Warriors" is a delight. It is a
complete story told musically, and it incor-
porates very effective use of dynamics and
sound effects.

I particularly enjoyed "My Thirtieth
Year." This mellow ballad prompted me to
take time to both reflect on the past and
look forward to new beginnings. Very well
done, indeed!

In all. Hot CoCo! provides a superior
example of the CoCo's capabilities in a
form anyone can enjoy. I was amazed,
although I really shouldn't have been, at the
talent displayed by the four musicians fea-
tured on the tape. I encourage MusicWare

THE RAINBOW October 1990

Color Computer Software

CBASIC Editor/Compiler

The ULTIMATE Color Computer
Basic Compiler!!!

II you want to write last machine language
programs but you don't want to spend the next
lew years trying to write them in Assembly
Language , then CBASIC is the answerlll
CBASIC is the only luliy integrated Basic
Compiler and program editing system available
lor the Color Computer. II will allow you to
take lull advantage of all the capabilities
available in your color computer without having
to spend years trying to learn assembly
language programming. CBASIC allows you to
create, edit and convert programs Irom a
language you are already lamiliar with
Extended Disk Color Basic, into last efficient
machine language programs easily and quickly.
"The most complete Editor/Compiler lhave
seen for the CoCo..."-The RAINBOWMarch 1 986

CBASIC is a powerful tool lor the Beginner as
well as the Advanced Basic or M.L. programmer.
CBASIC leatures well over 150 compiled Basic
Commands and Functions lhal fully support Disk
Sequential and Direct access liles, Tape, Printer
and Screen I/O. CBASIC supports ALL the High
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Basic, including Graphics H/GET, H/PUT, PLAY
and H/DRAW, all with 99% syntax compatibility.
Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Disk $149.00

Uindov Uriter
V ft'ipt fnfffitt ^i*tf /V.y.."/ v S&r/i

Uindov Uriter is our litest proira for IKr Uindoi lUsttr
Operitmi Split, it offfri on screen dupliy ol loll, luhc
3r in-lined. Wtf»W»l *tf SM „„, chlrietH duplies ill m

justified till, lith little or no effort on the users part
Umdoi flislir is the only Color Ccapuler Uord Processor thi',
supports fully justified print in hijh ouilily proportionl!
printer fonts for ne»r typeset quihly output

Its point ind diet interfice litis it suple to use. ind its
iilensiue 'oriiUins cinbilitiis nil it povertul enoujh for even
the lost sophisticated user

Window Master V3.0 DataPack III Plus VI. 1

October Specials

Window Master and Writer.. ..$99. 00
Window Master, Adv. Programmers Guide

and Desk Accessory Pak $99.00

Edt/Asm III and The Source.. .$89.00
CBASIC Editor/Compiler $125.00

51 2K Only $99

Give your COCO 3 all the power it deserves with
this easy to install (no soldering/plug in) 100%
Tandy compatible 51 2K memory upgrade.
Completely assembled and tested. Includes
Ramdisk & Memory Tesl software described
below. $99 or 512K + Window Master $149

Co Co 3 Turbo Charger

Turbo Charge your 512k Coco 3 with this ALL
Machine Language program that will run your
machine at double speed all the time even for
lloppy disk access and givfc you 2 ULTRA High
Speed Ram Disks. It's Reset protected so it
won't disappear like other Ramdisk programs.
You also get a 51 2K memory tester program, it
performs several bit tests as well as an
address test.

Requires 512K & DISK $19.95

»io-rri>triii Vim Cinotr m,i

urn i r«t= t; ii = w>r. i

FIHItl /IDS

The Ultimate User Friendly Point & Click
operating enviornmenl lor your Coco 3. Simple
enough even lor children to use, just point and
click to run programs, select files, do disk or
tile maintenance or almost any task you
currently do by typing commands. You also gel
things like a print spooler, Programmable
Function Keys, a Bullered Keyboard, Ramdisk,
Serial I/O port and Deluxe Pak support along
with Windows, Icons, Buttons, Pull Down Menus,
Edit Fields and Mouse lunclions all in one
program. II has multiple lonts in 54 possible
sizes and styles. Enhanced Basic Editing and
much much more. It add over 50 commands and
Functions lo Basic to fully support the Point &
Click System wilhout the need lor OS9.
"..it offers so many features that it isprobably
underprlced. I recommend this software toall
CoCo3 owners." -The Rainbow Feburary 1989

II is completely compatible with existing
Basic programs and lakes absolutely no
memory away Irom basic. It requires 1 Disk
Drive, R.S. hires interface & Joystick or Mouse.
Includes 128 & 512K versions (or only $69.95.

Window - Ware

Window Writer - A point & click Word
Processor, features both Mouse & Keyboard
type editing, proportional prinler support,
powerful lormatting capability, works with any
printer. On screen Italic, bold etc. WYSIWYG
"Window Writer isapowertul wordprocessor

that is fun to use, very user friendly The

Enviornmenl compares favorably to that of
Microsoft Windows " - RAINBOW Dec. 19B9
Requires Window Master & 512K - $59.95
Window Wrlter/W - same as above lor non
Window Master owners, 512K & Disk $79.95
Window Basic Compiler -similar to CBASIC only
it compiles all the Window Basic Statements l o
create super last Machine Language programs &
Desk Accessories. $99.00
Window Edt/Asm - A lull featured Editor &
Assembler for Window Master. $49.95
Font/Icon Editors - A utility disk with the Font
& Icon Editors to creale or edil your own,
includes Basic & M.L. versions $19.95
Advanced Programmers Guide- A guide lor
Basic & M.L. programmers on interfacing to
Window Masters complete system including
System Calls, Memory Map, Interrupt handling &
Extended Memory Access. $24.95
The Memory game- A point & Click
concentration game, lots of fun. $19.95
Desk Accessory Pak- Installs up lo 7 resident
D.A. programs, including: Font & Icon Editors,
Function Keys, Terminal program, Graphics
Editor & Calendar and more. $39.95

AUTOPILOT end AUTO-LOG Processors
X-MODEM DIRECT DISK FILE TRANSFER
VT-IOO S. VT-S2 TERMINAL EMULATION

No losl data even al 2400 Baud on the Serial I/O port.

8 Selectable Display Formats, 32/40/64/80 columns
ASCII & BINARY disk tile Iransler via XMODEM.
Directly record receive data (Data Logging).
VT-100 emulation lor VAX, UNIX and olher systems.
VT-100/52 cursor keys, position, PF & All. Kbd. keys.

jj||> Programmable Word Lenglh, Parity, Stop Bils
Complete Full and Mall Duplex operation,
Send lull 128 character set Irom Keyboard .
Complete Editor, Insert, Delete, Change or Add .

9 Variable lenglh, Programmable Macro Key bullets.

Programmable Printer rates Irom 110 lo 9600 Baud.
Send Files from Ihe Buller, Macro Key Bulfers or Disk.
Display on Screen or Prim Ihe contents ol the Buller.

• Freeze Display & Review inlormalion On line .

• Buill in Command Menu (Help) Display.
Supports: Modem-Pak & Deluxe Pak or Serial Port.

Specify Coco 1, 2, 3 Disk $49.95

"The Source"

The SOURCE will allow you lo easily and
quickly Disassemble machine language
programs directly from disk and generate
beautilul, Assembler Source Code. And " The
Source" has all Ihe leatures and lunclions you
are looking lor in a Disassembler .
" Automatic Label generation.

• Allows specifying FCB, FCC and FOB areas.

• Disassembles programs directly Irom Disk.
1 Automatically locates addresses.

" Outpul listing lo ihe Prinler, Screen or both.
Generates Assembler source directly to disk.

• Built in Hex/ASCII dump/display.

• 8 Selectable Display lormats 32/40/60/80.

• Buill in Disk Directory and Kill file commands.

• Menu display wilh single key commands.
' Written in Ultra last machine language.

Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Disk $49.95

EDT/ASM III

EDT/ASM III is a Disk based co-resident Text
Editor S, Assembler. It is designed to take
advantage ol the new leatures ol the COCO 3.
It has 8 Display formats from 32/40/64/80
columns. The disk also contains a Iree standing
ML Debug Monitor.

EDT/ASM III has the most powerful, easy to use
Text Editor available in and Editor/Assembler
package lor the Color Computer.

Local and Global siring search and/or replace.
' Full Screen line ediling.
' Load and Save standard ASCII lormatted liles.
' Block Moce & Copy, Insert, Delete, Overtype.

Create and Edil files larger than memory.
The Assembler features include:

• Conditional If/Then/Else assembly.

' Disk Library tiles up to 9 levels deep.
■ Supports standard Motorola directives.

• Allows multiple values in FCB/FDB directives.
" Allows assembly Irom Buller, Disk or both.

Specify Coco 1, 2 or 3 Disk $59.95

To order products by mail, send check or money order

tor the amount ol purchase, plus $4.00 lor shipping &

handling to the address below.

To order by VISA, MASTERCARD or COD call us at

1-800-383-8529

(Monday thru Saturday, 8am to 5pm PST).

CER-COMP Ltd.

5566 Ricochet Avenue

Las Vegas, Nevada 89110

1-800-383-8529

lo provide an encore as soon as possible. At
S9.95. Hot CoCo! is an exceptional pur-
chase, and I recommend it for all. whether
or not they have a CoCo.

(Rulaford Research, P.O. Box 530328, San
Diego, CA 92153; 619-690-1181; or Mu-
sicWare, Hamlet Route, Box 1261, Seaside,
OR 97138; 503-738-01 19; $9.95)

— Cray Augsburg

Utility

MS-DOS

Elite*Xfer

Some CoCo users, myself included, have
ventured into the world of the IBM PC and its
variants. Some do it because of their jobs,
some to gain access to particular programs
unavailable to CoCoists any other way. My
own interest in the PC domain began when
I had to write a paper that grew to nearly one
hundred pages and required extensive for-
matting. CoCo word processors were just
not up to the job. The software selection
available for PCs is vast. Moving some (or
all) of your work to another operating sys-
tem brings with it a great deal of frustration.
Files must either be left behind or trans-
ferred to the new system.

For me this meant hours of transferring
files between my CoCo and my PC clone
using a serial cable and communications
programs at both ends. This is an accept-
able alternative if the job has to be done
only once, and if the cables and communi-
cations programs are available for both
machines. But if you want to use both
machines, it becomes a real inconvenience.
This is especially true if the computers are
in different locations. What is needed is a
program that can translate disk files from
one format to the other. Until now. I have
not found a workable program to do the
transfer; I've tried a couple, but none were
very good.

Then I found Elite*Xfer by Elite Soft-
ware. This is a disk of programs that run on
an IBM computer (or clone), not on a CoCo.

Elire*Xfer allows you to freely move files
between RS-DOS and MS-DOS. It also has
utilities that allow you to do some house-
keeping of CoCo disks. All the options are
described below. Eliie*Xfer requires an
IBM PC/XT/AT/PCJr or true compatible with
at least I28K bytes of memory and at least
one 5'/i-inch floppy drive. You must be
running PC-DOS or MS-DOS 2.0 or higher.
These requirements are minimal. I would
guess that more than 99 percent of MS-DOS
computers exceed them. There are separate
program versions, one for color monitors
and one for black-and-white, monochrome
and LCD monitors. The versions are identi-
cal in their operation. Installation is a snap,
especially when compared to many other
MS-DOS programs. The disk is not copy-
protected and can be easily installed on a
hard disk. The disk is accompanied by a
well-written manual that explains all pro-
gram features in detail.

The main function of Elite*Xfer is to
move files between MS-DOS and RS-DOS
disks. The CoCo stores ascii test files with
lines terminated by only a carriage return
character. MS-DOS ASCII files have lines
terminated by a carriage return character,
followed by a line feed character. Transla-
tion between the two formats is taken care
of automatically by Elite*Xfer.

There is also an option to copy files
exactly with noend of line translation. This
option is not usually useful but could be
handy in special circumstances. Before a
file is transferred, it's usually a good idea to
know what files are available and what
their contents are. These tasks are also
taken care of by Eliie*Xfer. It displays a
standard CoCo-style directory, allows you
to view ASCII files, and shows binary files
using a display similar to the OS-9 dump
utility program. Thus, you know what it is
you're transferring before you do so.

Files can also be deleted from a CoCo
disk to make room for other files you may
want to transfer. If Elite*Xfer could do no
more than the things described above, it
would be a boon to many of us. and I would
recommend it highly. But. there's more!

Elite Software publishes Elite*Xfer,
which lets you transfer Elite*Word docu-
ments to MS-DOS disks directly without
saving them in ASCII format. Owners of
Elite*Word can save all kinds of aggrava-
tion and time using Elite*Xfer to move files
to MS-DOS. More important to the rest of us
are the other options such as the ability to
format a CoCo disk on the MS-DOS ma-
chine. This may seem like a little thing until
you realize that the two machines can be in
different locations and you don't have a
formatted disk available. Disks can also be
checked by Eliie*Xfcr. This option allows
you to verify that every sector of a CoCo

disk can be read correctly. If there is a
problem, unreadable sectors are repaired
by filling them with either * orO characters.
This allows you to salvage files from an
otherwise unusable disk.

The final option is sector display and
editing. Using this option you can look at
any sector on the CoCo disk in hexadeci-
mal and ASCII format. You can also edit any
sector, byte-by-byte. This is another pow-
erful option that can be used to perform all
sorts of miracles such as directory repair.
Used carelessly, it can render a disk unus-
able. Caution is strongly advised.

The flexibility of Elite*Xfer is enhanced
by its ability to change which drive is for
MS-DOS files, which drive is for RS-DOS
files and the density of each drive. Files can
be selected using MS-DOS wildcard charac-
ters and whole disks can be copied in either
binary or ASCII format. The program de-
signers did their job of anticipating user
needs. The execution is flawless.

If you routinely have a need to move
files between RS-DOS and ms-dos comput-
ers, you need Elite*Xfer.

(Elite Software, Box 11224, Pittsburgh, PA
15238. 412-795-8492; $69.95 plus $3 S/H —
limited offer: $44.50 plus $3 S/H)

— Don McGarrv

Game

OS-9 Level

Pyramid Solitaire

Pyramid Solitaire is a one-player game
written foroS-9 by Zack Sessions of Color-
Systems. It requires a CoCo 3 with a mini-
mum of 256K. os-9 Level II. a monitor or
color TV, the Hindi nt module from Multi-
Vue and a mouse or joystick.

For those unfamiliar with this type of
solitaire, cards are arranged in a pyramid —
one card, two cards that partially cover it,
and so on. The final row has seven cards.
Leftover cards are laid in a pile and may be
used during play. The object of the game is
to get rid of all the cards in the pyramid.
You do this by removing any pair of free
cards whose face values total 13.

Both numerical and face cards are used
(values are given in the manual). A free
card is any card on the pyramid not covered
by another card or the top card on the pile.
Two cards from the pyramid or a pyramid
card and a pile card may be teamed. Cards
in the pile may be turned over three at a
time. One round takes two or three minutes
to play. The game is extremely easy to learn
and may be enjoyed by children of all ages.

Pyramid Solitaire is graphics-based.

THE RAINBOW

October 1 990

supporting RGB and CMP color sets. The
cards are drawn on the screen in clear
colors, using the standard symbols for the
four suits (a diamond for diamonds, etc.).
The game runs in a Type 6 window, and its
40 columns make the cards and menu words
big enough to be easily read. The game is
played entirely by pointing and clicking
with a mouse or joy stick. A player may use
the mouse to select cards or to turn over
cards on the pile. A menu lets you cancel a
chosen card if it does not have a card to go
with it, undoa move, redeal orquit playing.
One super nice feature of this game is that
you don't have to type, but can just point
and click.

The disk contains the program, an appli-
cation information file, an icon for Mitlti-
Vue users, and a backup copy of the manual.
Pyramid Solitaire is not copy-protected, so
it may be backed up. The program runs
from any directory or subdirectory on a
hard or floppy drive. I keep mine in a GAMES
directory on the hard drive. The program
ran smoothly, with no problems. It is a very
enjoyable game that even a novice will
have no problems running.

The manual is nine pages long, thor-
ough, clear and well-organized. Author
Zack Sessions offers full support for regis-
tered owners by giving you his online and

U.S. mail addresses as well as a telephone
number. 1 have had occasion to contact him
about this and other programs he has writ-
ten, and I have always received fast, helpful
and courteous service.

The game was originally available as
shareware. The commercial Version 3.0 adds
the undo feature, online help, and the abil-
ity to start from any type device window.
The original window attributes are restored
when the game ends. Registered owners of
earlier versions may upgrade for S7, which
includes postage.

Being able to play this game on my
CoCo is a definite plus. No more finding
the cards, laying them out on the table, or
discovering, after 16 losing games, that one
of my cats has eaten a card or two. When I

win, I even receive a congratulatory sound
from my CoCo.

I use OS-9 almost exclusively, so it's
good to see a new game for OS-9, especially
one that can be enjoyed by the whole fam-
ily. I like Pyramid Solitaire. The game has
simple playing rules yet requires some strat-
egy to win. I recommend it to any adult or
to children old enough to add two numbers
to get 13.

The program's S10 price includes ship-
ping and handling and is reasonable, con-
sidering that I have played for hours and
still enjoy it as much as I did the first time.

( ColorS vstems, 4616 Castle Hayne Road.
Castle Hayne, NC 28429; 919-675-1706; $10.)

— Toni Long

Finance

OS-9 Level II

1990 CoCo Tax
Estimator

If you deal with the Internal Revenue
Service only once a year, you need not
continue reading this review. However, a
number of taxpayers are. for a variety of

%®m

EVERYONE'S TALKING ABOUT-
DUAL HI-RES JOYSTICK ADAPTER
Colorware Hi-Res Tandy Hi + Low
Res, cassette jack S40

HI & LO-RES JOYSTICK ADAPTER
Tandy Hi + Lo-Res S27

HAWKSoft keyboard cable S25

DOMINATION war game S18

MYDOS extended DOS for you! S15

HAWKSoft

P.O. Bom 7112 Elgin, II 60121

(708) 742-3084 eves and ends

SASE for more info and price list.

S/H ( US & CAN ) always included

MO. Check C.O.D. no credit cards

1 year warranty on ALL hardware !!

Musica...
Lyra. . .
CoCo MIDI

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—7 and

3...
CoCo MIDI

Pro I

'■f^^K

For over 7 years, MusicWare has given the CoCo
community some of the best music programs
around. Now, we've done it again with a high
quality professional MIDI recorder/sequencer!

CoCo MIDI Pro, which requires a CoCo 3 with 512K
memory, will record music from any MIDI synthe-
sizer. It is the equivalent of a sophisticated 16 track
recording studio in your own home that would
otherwise costs thousands of dollars! But hurry,
you must order before October 31 'to get the great
price of $100 for both program AND MIDI interface!

We've also got Lyra, the ever popular music program ihal
makes it easy to play, transcribe, or compose music. Only
$37.00. This includes a copy of the 100 page Lyra Conifxinkm.
Don't miss Hot CoCo, a 50 minute tape of great music
produced by CoCo users. On sale for S7.50 (regularly S9.95)
The quarterly MusicWare Afc'ims free for the asking.

MusicWare Hamlet Route Box 1261, Seaside,
OR 97138. (503) 738-0119. Ask for Lester Hands.
Mastercard or Visa welcome.

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

reasons, required lo file an estimated tax
form known as the 1990 1040 ES. This is a
fairly simple form to fill out, but since we
all have computers, why not let the ma-
chine do the work?

1990 CoCo Tax Estimator, from Puritas
Springs Software, is a program designed to
assist the taxpayer in determining estimated
1990 income taxes. The program is written
in BASIC09 and requires OS-9 Level II. In
addition, you should have 5 1 2K of memory
and an 80-column display. An aif file and
an icon are provided for those who use
Multi-Vue. The program is provided in I-
code format, so there is no possibility of
modification.

The program is easy to install. Simply
copy the program, icon and AIF files to the
appropriate directories. To execute from
the Shell prompt, select a standard 80-by-24
text window (Type 2) and type estimat-
ed. From Multi-Vue, simply double-click
on the program's icon. Remember, this is
BASIC09 1-code, and RunB must be in mem-
ory or the current execution directory. A
menu appears with options to open. edit,
load, save, display and print the file. An-
other option provides access to the disk
menu that provides options to change and
display both the execution and working
directories. Since you are starting new, just
choose the option Open File and proceed to
enter the required IRS data as the program
prompts. After completing data entry, you
can save, display or print the results. If you
need to make changes later in the year, you
can load the file, correct the data and recal-
culate for the new figures.

Using my 1990 estimated form, which I
prepared in April. I proceeded to enter the
data into the program. Aftercompleting the
data entry , I displayed the results and found
excellent agreement with the previously
calculated tax. By choosing the print op-
tion, I obtained a nice printout, which I
promptly filed in my 1990 tax folder.

Assuming you understand the IRS and
Form 1040ES, the CoCo Tax Estimator is a
very easy to use program. At first I won-
dered what was the advantage of using it.
Form 1990 ES is not extensive and can be
easily completed with a standard calcula-
tor. Alternatively, you can easily write a
spreadsheet, which I have done for a num-
ber of years, and accomplish the same
thing. But after using the program. I find it
nice to have a neat package that can be
easily modified as my income changes. Of
course, as tax laws change it may become
necessary to obtain a revision. In the pro-
gram's one-page documentation. Puritas
Springs Software does not comment on the
possibility of future revisions.

I found problems with the Disk sub-
menu, which does not provide displays of

the current and execution directories. Also,
when I selected Return to Main Menu, the
program asked for the name of the new
directory. While the features on the sub-
menu do not affect program operation, with
respect to completing the estimated tax, I
was annoyed that Puritas Springs did not
fully debug their program prior to my re-
view. These bugs have been corrected on
the final version.

1990 CoCoTax Estimator is free to all
who send Puritas Springs Software a 35-
track formatted disk with a return mailer
and return postage.

(Puritas Springs Software, The Ameritrust
Building, 17140 Lorain Avenue, Cleveland.
Ohio 4411 1;216-251-8085)

— Donald Dollberg

Utility

OS-9 Level

Print5

I was always told to never judge a book
by its cover. As an avid reader of science
fiction and fantasy. I've learned the truth
within this phrase. Knowing that, I still
became very skeptical when I heard that I
would be reviewing something called Print5.
And when I heard the description, OS-9
print utilities, I became so skeptical that I
almost went into a coma. I have to admit
that I put the review off for a few hours.
Print5 patiently sat there on the desk, wait-
ing to be reviewed. Occasionally I would
glance over and see it. but quickly look
away. I hoped that somehow it would just
disappear. But it didn't. So, a few hours
after receiving it, I began flipping through
the manual.

I found I was wrong about Print5. Be-
fore I tell you just how wrong I was, I'll
briefly list the equipment required for PrintS.
First you will need a CoCo 3, preferably
with 512K. and OS-9 Level II. At least one
disk drive is needed, but two disk drives
might be more useful. You will also need a
DMP-105/130 or compatible printer. The
manual recommends a Hi-Res monitor and
a copy of The Complete Rainbow Guide to
OS-9 Level II. You should make a few back-
up copies of the Print5 disk. I suggest you
put the Print5 modules on your main sys-
tem disk in CMDS directory.

To use the modules, you'll need to have
the tmode and di spl ay modules from your
CMDS directory in memory. Three of the
four modules can't use the normal text
screen at the beginning, so you'll need
types I, 2 and 5 windows to use them.
There are programs to help you set up the

windows. If you have 128K you will proba-
bly be able to use only one of these at a time.

The one module that you can use from
your start-up window is called ps. This
little module will dump the current screen
to the printer. So what? So what indeed.
This handy device saved my life acouple of
times. You see, I«se a public domain word
processor called Ed. Ed is a fine program,
but it has a tendency to cause a stack
overflow and drop to the Shell. This means
everything is lost, unless you've printed it
or saved it to disk. Not long after I received
PrintS, Ed did just that. I thought the story
I had written was a goner. Then I
remembered ps, which I used to make a
dump of the screen to save the text. I lost
what had already scrolled off the screen,
but at least the text still on the screen was
saved. I had to re-type everything from the
screen dump, but it's still better than losing
it altogether, or writing it by hand and then
re-typing it.

The ps module offers other beneficial
features, which can be invoked using para-
meters. For example, if you type ps 35 10
it prints the top 10 rows of text, with a
margin of 35 columns. If you type ps 20. the
entire screen is printed with a margin of 20.

Is this really a beneficial feature? If you
had a text file of approximately 22 lines
with carriage returns at the 40th column,
you would not want all the text printed on
the left. You wouldn't want to load a word
processor and insert 20 spaces in front of
every line, either. Instead with PrintS you
merely enter:

display c; list text. file; ps 20

It is important to clear the screen, list the
file, and run the ps module all in one line so
as not to dump any text that is not supposed
to be dumped. There are also many other
uses for the ps module.

The next module is called pg, which
requires a Type 5 graphics screen, pg is
used to create a sideways screen dump. The
left margin, as well as the number of lines
to be printed, can be specified. This feature
can be very helpful, especially when work-
ing with two text files. It can be used if one
file is lo be dumped normally while the
other is to be dumped sideways. For ex-
ample, let's say the first file is an ad for a
used car, and the second file is a phone
number printed several times. You want
the printed copy arranged so that several
people can tear a copy of the phone number
from the page. To do this you would enter:

display c: list car. ad: ps
display c; list phone. num: pg

The number of uses for the pg module are

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

limited only by the boundaries of your own
imagination.

The next module is called pgw. It is the
same as pg. but the printout is twice as wide
which makes the copy look twice as tall
when looking at it sideways.

The final module is phc. There are four
parameters for this one — type style, left
margin, the number of lines to print and the
number of columns to print. Condensed,
elite and pica are the type styles from which
you can choose. Since the number of col-
umns can be specified, it is also very con-
venient to choose the type style to be used.

Some of the more common errors that
occur with the PrintS package are explained
in the manual. Solutions for these errors are
also given. I encountered no errors while
using the modules, so errors aren't neces-
sarily commonplace when using them.

There is still more to PrintS. The second
part of the manual lists a couple of BASIC09
procedures that are on the disk, and how to
use them. For these, it is highly recom-
mended that you have S12K. Even though
you will run out of memory quickly, I28K
will work.

You will need to start BASIC09 in a Type
5 window. The procedure bf . b can be used
to scale down and dump graphics images.
Even though I did not have a tremendous
need to print graphics, some people will
find this to be a worthwhile feature and
drivers are included for Epson- and 1BM-
compatable printers. The bf.b graphics
routine can be used to make your ads more
artistically appealing.

One understandable, though annoying
problem with pg, pgw and phc is that they
seem to print rather slowly, ps is capable of
working at normal speed, however.

Even though there is more to the PrintS
package, I have covered the main areas of
interest. It is a valuable package and the ps
module alone makes it worth the price.

(G.T.T.D. Software, P.O. Box 187, Pablo,
MT 59855; 406-883-2306; $23.95, $2 S/H)

— Jeff Bvers

Utility

CoCo3

Revelation!

Revelation! is a prophecy of things to
come and an introduction to the CoCo
Community by the program's author, Mr.
Robert Offermann. Improvements made to
the CoCo by Revelation! include Hi-Res
graphics screens that use a largernumber of
pixels, acceptance of lowercase commands,
62 preprogrammed macro keys and many
other useful additions.

With Revelation!, the CoCo's screen
height is 225 pixels rather than 192 — enough
for 28 lines of text! The program reverses
the clear and backslash keys to prevent
accidental screen erasures during input.
The function keys have been programmed
to allow you to switch between fast and
slow modes (to change the speed of the
CPU) and to provide a shift-lock key. While
in the high-speed mode the CPU is tempo-
rarily slowed down for disk access. The
ALT key combines with other keys to produce
macros. Macros are key combinations that
produce a longer sequence of useful char-
acters such as commands. For example,
holding ALT down and pressing A prints
ATTR on the screen. The user can't modify
the macros, however.

Revelation! prints the full names of er-
rors. For example, instead of ?SN ERROR the
screen displays ?Syntax Error. Also the OK
prompt has been replaced with the word
Ready.

You can enter PC LEAR values from to 18
to reserve from to 18 graphics pages.
PALETTE RGB and PALETTE CMP now reset all
16 palettes, rather than 15. The CLS com-
mand allows the use of numbers up to 255,
clearing the screen in various ways. This is
similar to my program CLS255. printed in
the January 1989 issue of THE rainbow.

During DSKINI the verity (second) sweep
across the disk has been bypassed, thereby
greatly speeding up the process. (Verifica-
tion errors are very rare during DSKINI.)

Revelation! doesn't work with ADOS or
C-DOS, even with their respective DIS-
ABLE/UNDO commands. 1 have a controller
that can hold up to four DOSs. I normally
have only an Extended ADOS-3 EPROM in
my controller. When I found I couldn't run
Revelation! with ADOS, I remembered I
had a Disk BASIC ROM. which I immedi-
ately inserted into my controller as well.
Revelation! worked perfectly.

Words on the screen are very hard to
read on a TV. Revelation! is meant to be
used with a composite or RGB monitor. In
addition, it will work with Color Venture's
RAM disk.

A label on the disk reminds the user to
make a backup copy. One problem I dis-
covered was that when I typed PCLEAR 0,
then CLEAR 0, there was no memory left. It
repeatedly printed Out of String Space, and
I had to reboot the program. [Editor's Note:
Mr. Offerman has confirmed that this bug
has been fixed and PCLEAR 0: CLEAR
works with no problems. In addition, he
says the problem existed only in the review
copy, and no production copies were re-
leased with this error.]

Even though commands may be entered
in lowercase. I discovered that filenames
must be entered in uppercase letters. At

RAINBOW

--,■"<:-'->.

New ^
Modems

(1) Two versions of SendFaxModems
Send any text file and most graphics files from
your computer to any Fax machine in ihe
world. Both external and internal (lor PC)
models. And with full 2400 Baud data modem
capability.

(2) V.42/V.42bis 2400 Baud data
modems.

These have both error correction and data
compression (gives much higher effective
throughput, as much as 9600 Baud).

All are high quality modems made by Zoom
Telephonies in the USA, with performance
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Fully Hayes compatible. Work with any
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All the features you expect in state ot the art
modems. With seven year mfg warrantee.

Money saving premiums for Delphi, GEnie.
CompuServe, etc.

ProcComm (PC) + $5 OuickUnk (Mac) * $5
WizPro is free (shareware)

Send Fax external modem $149.00

Send Fax Internal modem (for PC) (139.00

Come with software lor PC or MAC

your choice (ask about Granile

Computers OSK lelcom software)

2400 v.42/v.42bia external modem $235.00

2400'1200/300 BPS external modem $115.00
Internal modem (lor PC) $105.00

Rem add. USA • shipping and handing S3 SO
Canada - Air PP and toauranos S7 46

GCS FILE TRANSFER UTILITIES

now updated to Version 3.0

The GCS File Transfer Utilities provide a simple
quick method to transfer text and binary tiles to and
tram a variety ol lloppy disk formats.

Need to transfer files to and Irom PC (MSDOS).
HSDOS. FLEX or MINI-FLEX disks on your OS-9
system? You need GCS File Transter Utilities.

Commands Dir. Dump. Read, Write.
Rename, Delete, Format PC
Dk. Dump. Read Write RS ol FLEX disk

Version 3,0 handles most 5.25 and 3.5 formats.
Any level sub-directories (PC). Binary tiles. Use
pipes lor direct and multiple transfers. Multl-Vue
version can be used under Multi-Vue or as stand
alone Shell commands.

Requires OS-9 L2 lor COCO 3 L 1 lor COCO 1 or 2
2 drives (one can be hard or ramdisk.
one lloppy 40 T DD DS).
MuRi-Vue lor MuRi-Vue version
S0ISK3lorCOCO3
SDISK for COCO 1 or 2

GCS File Transfer Utilities lor CoCo

MuRi-Vue version $54.95

Standard version $44.95

Version 3.0 update - eRher version
(provide disk number) $1 5,00

D. P. Johnson SDISK or SDISK3 $29.95

LI * L2 Utilities $75.00

Ask about FORTH09 (6809 h OSK)

Standard dtakaltaa Bra OS 9 loin. m (5 25") ■ add 12 50 tor 3.5'
Orders mutl be prepaid or COD VISA/MCaaaptod Add Si 75
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I, ■'■■-..,■■ ..'':■; . ■■--

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

first, I couldn't get any program, basic or
machine language, to load under Revela-
tion!. Each time I entered a filename I got
a File Not Found Error — the name I typed
didn't exactly match the name on the disk
in terms of case. Some graphics demonstra-
tion programs are included on the disk to
show off the expanded screen. They are
exciting to watch on the larger monitor.

Included with the program is a registra-
tion form. Not only can it be used to register
the purchaser as an owner who will receive
future upgrades, it includes a questionnaire
about the user's system and personal soft-
ware preferences.

A lot of thought and planning went into
this program and its documentation. The
documentation includes a reference card
explaining the macros, control characters,
etc. More complete instructions are in-
cluded on the disk. The documentation on
the screen is colorful and uses several fonts.

Robert Offermann states in the onscreen
documentation that he is buying a Commo-
dore system and plans to study software
products developed for it. with the inten-
tion of producing similar programs for the
Color Computer. I like the fact that he is
"spying" on the competition!

Revelation! is a revelation of things to
come if the CoCo Community accepts and
supports it.

(Robert E. Offermann, II, 2447 Oak Park
Way, Orlando, FL 32822; 407-282-6272; $25)

— Lee Deuell

Education

CoCo 2 & 3

Education Galore

This review covers a collection of short,
much-needed educational programs writ-
ten by Sebastian La Spada. intended for use
on the CoCo 2 or 3. The five programs I
reviewed are Math Quiz. Vocabulary,
Homonyms, Spelling and Number Guess.

The programs require 64K RAM and come
on disk or cassette tape. All the programs
are written in BASIC. My review copy came
on disk accompanied by a handmade 13-
page, dot-matrix printed manual. The
manual actually covers li different pro-
grams and contains more of a brief descrip-
tion of each than actual user instructions.
This is not a real handicap since the pro-
grams are pretty much self-instructing and
very easy to operate.

There are certain features common to all
five programs. They include the use of
sound and tunes, colorful block graphics
and the use of random pattern generation.

All programs ask how many questions you
want to answer and provide a final score at
the end. If you answer correctly, the pro-
gram responds with words like Great or
Super. An incorrect answer usually solicits
a displeasing sound and the program in-
forms you of the correct answer. It may also
ask you the same question later on.

hese five
educational
programs use
sound, graphics
and random
patterns for
teaching.

Math Quiz is by far the most complex of
the five programs. This program offers
addition, subtraction, multiplication, divi-
sion and times tables at four levels of diffi-
culty: easy, intermediate, difficult and
challenging. Addition on the easy level is at
about the second grade level, while the
advanced and challenging levels can re-
quire you to use a pencil and paper. The
times table is especially useful for drilling
young children on their multiplication tables.
The program would be of more value,
however, if it corresponded to the way in
which children study these tables in school.
They normally do a twos table then a threes
table and so on. As it is, the program
presents all the tables at random and the
child may not be at a given level yet.

Vocabulary presents you with a series of
definitions and asks you to match each with
the correct word, presented in multiple-
choice fashion. There are 1 00 possible defi-
nitions. These words are definitely for adults
and high school or college students. A few
examples are procrastinate, misanthropist
and obsequious.

Homonyms is a program written at the
elementary school level. Homonyms are
words that sound alike but are spelled dif-
ferently and have different meanings. Here
you are presented a sentence and must
complete it with the correct word that fits
the context of the sentence. An example of
this is HOW MANY DAYS ARE THERE IN A
? (1) WEAK OR (2) WEEK.

Spelling is a little like the homonyms
program in that you must select from a list

of words to correctly complete the sen-
tence. The main difference here is that you
have the same word spelled two different
ways, one of which is incorrect. Some of
these words exercise the various rules of
spelling like the old i before e except after
c rule. Typical examples are the choice
between (1) BELIEV&OR (2) BELEIVEand
the choice between ( 1 ) MUSTACHE OR (2)
MUSTASH. One small glitch I found in Spell-
ing is that the program ends with the question
WOULD YOU LIKE TO REVIEW MORE HOMO-
NYMS?, even though I was in the Spelling
program. [Editor's Note: Mr. La Spada
assures us this minor bug is now fixed. J

Last but not least is the Number Guess
program. This one is just plain fun. The
computer picks a random number and you
try to guess what it is. The program gives
youcluessuchasYOU'RE TOO LOWuntilyou
guess the correct number. Some clues are a
little misleading, however. Let's say the
computer has picked 61 and you enter 65 as
a guess. You see a clue such as YOU'RE
ALMOST THERE, to which you guess 66. Then
you might be told CAN " T GET MUCH CLOSER
even though your guesses are getting far-
ther away from the chosen number. This is
odd, but the game lasts much longer. All
numbers are chosen in a range between l
and 100.

All programs in the collection work as
advertised. They are designed for elemen-
tary to high school students. Not a bad buy
for $8.

(Sebastian S. La Spada, 531 Main Street,
Dunkirk, NY 14048; 716-366-5261, disk, $8)

— Larry Birkenfeld

Game

CoCo 1,28.3

Tuty

Pull up achair. Kenny Rogers, for a little
gamblin' CoCo style. I'm talkin' Vegas
minus Wayne Newton — just you, some
fruit and Lady Luck.

The slot-machine type game, Tuty
(fruity), by CB Games appeals to the gam-
bler in all of us. You simply roll the fruit
and cross your fingers. Well, actually there's
more to this game.

There are up to six different fruits that
can appear onscreen in various combina-
tions. Each fruit combination is worth a
designated number of points. After each
roll, your job is to pick out the worthless
fruit and discard it. If you are able to save at
least one good piece of fruit, you can roll
again, filling the remaining fruit slots. Once
more you pick out the bad fruit, keeping the
pointers. If you fill all of the slots with good

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

fruit, you can take another turn, risking all
of the points you've won, or you can pass
the turn to your opponent. If you do not fill
all of the slots, you are left with what points
you've earned and your turn passes to
another player. The objective of the game is
to obtain a set number of points before your
opponent. Despite the fact that playing
Tuty doesn't require much strategic skill,
the program moves quickly and kept me
interested in rolling fruit all afternoon.

Tuty's success as a slot-machine type
game is its ability to stir up an atmosphere
of gambling excitement. It puts you on a
winning streak, during which you continu-
ally roll, say, pineapples and watermelons.
Then unexpectedly TV/fv ends your spree by
dishing out a plate of dud fruit. It lures you

into gambling, then takes away your win-
nings — well, not always. Not always
means you're left always trying to decide if
you should take a chance. That's the excite-
ment of gambling. Only with Tuty, you
won't lose the house.

One player may challenge Tuty, or up to
four players may compete against each
other. The graphics and sound are average.
A CoCo 1 , 2 or 3 is required; a joystick and
RGB monitor are optional.

(CB Games, P.O. Box 2496, Kalispell, MT
59901; 406-257-3832; $24.95)

— Kelly Goff

Game

CoCo3

Spectral Forces

"The battle calls! To the brave, to the
cunning, to the true soldier, the battle calls!
Is there one who will answer? Is there one
who will save our village of Adaling? Is
there one who dares to test the evil Garth?
Is there but one true warrior? Who? Who
dares to accept the challenge?"
"I will." you answer. "I dare!"
Well, you stuck your foot in your mouth

again! You, Lars, the philosopher. What
kind of an adventurer are you? You had
better be adamed good one if you are going
to beat Garth and his legion of evil in
Spectral Forces.

Spectral Forces is an Adventure for the
128K CoCo 3 with at least one disk drive. It
uses, at your option, either the 32-. 40- or 80-
column screen. You may also select be-
tween all uppercase or upper- and true
lowercase combined.

Forces takes place in and around the
corrupt little village of Adaling, a den of
thieves ruled by Lord Fandel, a miserly old
dog who lives in luxury's lap while his
subjects live in rotting wooden sheds. It's
no wonder the only law in the land is
prejudiced toward outsiders. Justice means
little in this town. Like it or not. you had
better learn their thieving ways real fast.

As in most Adventures of this sort, magic
abounds in a variety of forms. The magic is
both mysterious and predictable. Secret
passages secured by magic often lead to
more magic, and all of it is confusing,
misleading and by all means deadly.

The cast of characters is as deadly as the
magic itself. Meet and defeat, if you can,
the Dragon, who can be found guarding
valuable treasures. Beware of his fiery breath
as he attacks.

ALL ^L ^" NO MORE

COMMANDS ^^ ^^ SEARCHING

AT YOUR , ' THROUGH

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High Point, North Carolina 27262

(919) 887-2236

Classic Solitaire

Klondike • Pyramid • Canfield

0000

Play these classic favorites in 1 6 color high-res graphics
128KCoCo3 One Disk Drive Joystick $14.95

La Belle Lucie

Deal 52 cards into 1 8 stacks, then try to reconcile them

into 4 foundations. This solitaire is not for the faint of

heart! Hoyle rules. 128K Coco3, disk, joystick $14.95

7p n I Y Arcade - Color 9 r aP n 'CS. 32 levels of play.
^.fcMIIX Awesome speed. Sound.

128KCoCo3 One Disk Drive Joystick $29.95

Tazman (CoCo3)(requires OS9/II & 512K) $24.95

Armchair Admiral (CoCo3) $14.95

Riddle of the Ring (CoCo3/CoCo2) $10.00

Games Pack I (CoCo3/CoCo2) $10.00

Zenix Demo Disk (CoCo3) FREE

Software Submissions Invited

Checks, Money Orders, MasterCard & Visa

$2.00 S&H. COD additional $2.00. WA addresses add

8.1% sales tax. 30 day money back guarantee.

Eversoft Games, Ltd

P.O. Box 3354
Arlington, Wa 98223

(206) 653-5263
10am -6pm PST

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

Perhaps you'll have better luck against
the Catoblepas. the Hydra, the Succubus or
one of nearly a score of other nasties, each
of whom is more than willing to introduce
you to the ultimate enemy, death!

Spectral Forces

is efficiently
written and
response time is
good. It should
provide several
hours of

entertainment for
the experienced
adventurer.

Forces offers several interesting fea-
tures. The BREAK key has been disabled,
preventing accidental interruption of the
game when pounding one's keyboard in
frustration. (Or am I the only one who does
this?)

One of the most interesting is the Scribe
feature. By simply typing SCRIBE ON you
can obtain a hard copy of what is being
printed on your screen. This is handy when
you forget what just scrolled off the top
screen. Don't need the scribe anymore?
Just type SCRIBE OFF. A very nice feature!

The text for the location descriptions is
stored on disk. This allows for more exten-
sive descriptions while taking up little
memory.

Since this is a text Adventure, one of the
challenges is to create your own map. Good
luck! Counting all the twists and turns in
the maze of tunnels, you have in excess of
225 locations to map.

Documentation is just six single-sided,
typewritten sheets but is more than ade-
quate. The story of the village of Adaling in
itself makes for interesting reading.

Since Spectral Forces was written for
the CoCo 3, I would like to see it take
advantage of a few more of its features. For

example, a short routine at the beginning to
select foreground and background colors
and save other default settings would be
nice.

The game also lacks the ability to restart
without rerunning. If you quit or die and
want to play again, it's back to the begin-
ning and back through the title page and
options screens.

The most annoying item I found was the
statement. "I don't understand." If you use
a noun or verb, the game doesn't under-
stand. If you try to go in a direction not
permitted the program says,"I don't under-
stand." A little variety would be nice here.
Why not have the program say, "You can't
go that way," or "Say that again," or even
"Hey dummy! The door is locked!" to add
a little variety.

Despite these minor shortcomings Forces
plays quite well. It is efficiently written and
response time is good. It should provide
several hours of entertainment for the expe-
rienced adventurer.

And so. with trusty falchion in hand. I
prepare to defend and protect Adaling.
Willingly I will face mammoth spiders,
ghouls, giants and squonk. if you will, but
someone please answer this question —
what the heck is a falchion?

(Marc Campbell Innovations, 266 Riverview
Drive, Ephrata, PA 17522; 717-939-3181;
$24.95 plus $2 S/H)

— Randy Cassel

Game

CoCo3

Classic Solitaire

After programming for several hours, I
often like to play a video game to relax.
With many of the arcade/action games, it's
hard to do that. You have to shoot this
thing, watch out for that thing, and so on.
But recently I found a video game that I can
relax with.

The game is Classic Solitaire by Ever-
soft Games, Ltd. It actually consists of
three different solitaire card games. Clas-
sic Solitaire requires a CoCo 3 (I28K is
okay), a disk drive and one joystick. An
RGB monitor enhances the program's 16-
color Hi-Res display, but a composite
monitor or TV is very comparable as far as
colors and legibility goes. Kudos to the
programmers for this compatibility.

To get the games running, enter
RUN"MENU". The font used on the menu
screen is a refreshing departure from the

standard fonts you see with other programs.

Klondike is the most common form of
solitaire. The game requires you to make a
row of seven stacks of cards, then build
suits on each ace encountered, in a row
above, in ascending order.

The second game. Canfiekl, puts 13 cards
in a stack called rtfee stock. You make a row
of four cards, then one card is used as the
aces are in Klondike to start the suits in the
foundation. All built suits must start with a
card of the same face value, and the suits
are built in ascending order.

Finally, Pyramid has the cards laid in a
pyramid shape, with one card at the top to
a row of seven cards at the bottom. The
object of this game is not to build suits but
to match a pair of cards whose face values
total 1 3. These cards are then removed from
the pyramid, but only if they are not cov-
ered by other cards.

qq a

QO u DQD

«E2> G33>

Classic Solitaire has four levels of play-
ing difficulty: easy, in which you go through
your hand one at a time as many times as
you want; medium, which requires you to
flip through the hand three at a time; hard,
in which you can only go through the hand
three times; and expert, in which you are
allowed to go through the hand only once.
Pyramid lets you use the expert option.

When you switch games by returning to
the menu screen, you must have the disk in
the drive, because the program accesses the
disk when the menu is selected. Make a
backup of the game disk onto a RAM disk if
you have one. This can save you a little
wear and tear on the disk. If you notice that
your disk is wearing out, Eversoft Games
Ltd. will replace the original disk for a fee
of $5.

All in all, if you want non-violent games
or just like playing a nice, relaxing game of
solitaire, then Classic Solitaire deserves a
look. I enjoyed playing Classic Solitaire,
but I still can't win that darn Pyramid
game!

(Eversoft Games, Ltd., P.O. Box 3354, Ar-
lington, WA 98223-3354; 206-653-5263;
$14.95)

— Richard L. McNabb

THE RAINBOW October 1990

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Ohio residents add 6.5% sales tax

COD add $3.00

The following products have recently been received by THE RAINBOW, examined by
our magazine staff and issued the Rainbow Seal of Certification, your assurance
that we have seen the product and have ascertained that it is what it purports to be.

PM*Print. I'or priming PM0DE3 color or PM0DE4 black-
and-whilcanifact color on ihc NX 1 000 or compatible
primer. Includes four PMODE prim drivers, big/small
black-and-white, big/small color, thai can be loaded
and executed from your BASIC program or used as
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with most Epson-compatible color printers for color.
Requires a CoCo 1 . 2 or 3 and a disk drive. Supersoft.
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7S7-36I0; 18.95 plus $2S0 Sill.

Sprite-BASIC. a program that lets you create sprites,
(which arc objects that can be moved around the
screen without disturbing the background graphics
picture). Gives you all the new commands needed to
create your own BASIC games. Does not require
expert programming skills. Requires a CoCo 3 and a
disk drive. Supersoft. Inc. 363 Oakwood Avenue.
Jackson. Ml 49203. (517) 787-3610; $44.95 plus
$2 SO SI H.

CIII PagesF. V.2.0. an upgraded version of CHI
Pages. Includes desktop publishing. Hi-Res paint,
form maker, greeting card designer, calligrapher or
CAD program utilizing hscreen 3. Requires a CoCo
3 1 28/5 1 2K. RGB or composite monitor (no TV), al
least one disk drive. High Resolution Joystick Inter-
face, joystick or mouse, and a printer. Coless Com-
puter Design, 1917 Madera Si.. #8. Waukesha. Wl
53186. (414) 549-0750; $49.95 plus $3 Sill.

CIII I.ellrex. an NLQ program designed primarily
for the earlier versions of Epson or compatible printers
without NLQ capability. Features 14 different NLQ
fonts, graphics point-and-click interface and pull-
down menus. Allows importing of ASCII text from
CoCo word processors. Requires 64K CoCo I or 2.
one disk drive, mouse/joystick and an Epson or com-
patible printer. Coless Computer Design, 1917 Mad-
era Si.. 118. Waukesha. Wl 53186. (414) 549-0750:
$24.95 plus $3 SIH.

CIII Cliparl Sel 2. a three-disk set collection of 672
pieces of clipart for all versions of the CIII Pages
CoCo 3 desktop publishing program. Includes car-
toons. D&D fantasies, radical concepts, education,
animals, sports and more. Requires CIII Pages or CIII
PagesE. Coless Computer Design, 1917 Madera St..
#8. Waukesha. Wl 53186. (414) 549-0750; $19.95
plus $3 SIH.

< ^ ) Monster Mush, a CoCo 3 action/arcade game
™ featuring 16-color Hi-Res graphics and full
joystick play control. Lets user travel through over 70
rooms, collecting gold and fighting monsters. Re-
quires player to gather magic mirrors needed to defeat
Medusa. B'tware Enterprises, do Kandi Slinson. Bos
265. Allen. OK 74825. (405) 857-9932; $22.

«K> The Entity, a text Adventure written in machine
language. Places user in the role of an alien
trying to accomplish 1 good deeds that willspcedup
the development of the earth by 1 50 years. Requires a
CoCo 3 and a disk drive. Biware Enterprises, do
Kandi Slinson. Box 265. Allen. OK 74825. (405) 857-
9932; $18.

A 1 -abtlbasc. an OS-9 labeling program with many
^^ features. Works with your currently configured
printer. Can be run in an 80-column text or graphics
window. Constellation Computer Consultants. P.O.
Box 423. Sanford, ME 04073: $14.95 plus $2 SIH
introductory offer.

♦ Connecting the CoCo to the Real World, by
William Barden. Jr.. an easy-to-use book ex-
plaining safe, inexpensive projects for the CoCo 1. 2
and 3. Includes descriptive information on the internal
design of the Color Computer. Shows reader how to
measure wind direction, make a water detector, cap-
ture and playback sounds, create a multi-circuit bur-
glar alarm and more. William Barden. Jr.. 8 San
Timoieo. Rancho Soma Margari. CA. 92688: $19.95.

KJV on Disk #11. I Samuel from the King James
version of the Bible, in ASCII files for the CoCo 1. 2
and 3. Word processor or text editor is recommended
for viewing the files. Requires at least 32K and one
disk drive. BDS Software. P.O. Box485. Gienview. IL
60025-0485; $3.

The Goldberg Utilities, two volumes of powerful
OS-9 utilities. Over twenty utilities in all. Volume I
includes append, els. copy, count, d. grep. head/tail,
lower/upper, pk/unpk, sort, unload, val, zcopy. plus an
explanation of CoCo 3 memory allocation and how to
use it best. Kenneth Leigh Enterprises. 1840 Billmore
Street. NW. It 10. Washington. DC 20009. (202) 462-
1210; each volume $24.95 plus $2.50 SIH.

CoCo Cassette #94, a monthly collection of software
programs that includes: Flash Card (educational

program I. Real Estate Listings (house listing database
for realtors), Bible Questions I. Spelling Quiz I, No
Left 3 (game). Picture. Picture Viewer 3 (graphics),
Tank Showdown (game), TarzarS Adventure. Genisis
(strategy game), and Fourcuhe (3-dimensional tic-
lac-toe). T&D Software. 2490 Miles Standish Drive.
Holland. Ml 49424. (616) 399-9648; $8. $70 for
yearly subscription.

Ras*Max 1.0. a program that enables printing of 16-
and 4096-color or black-and-white RASCAN pic-
lures. Works with NX- 1 000. DMP- 240 and GSX- 1 40
printers. CGP-220 prints color images only. Lets user
edit colors of RASCAN 16-color images. '(RASCAN
not required for printing IMG images.) Supersoft, Inc.
363 Oakwood Avenue. Jackson, Ml 49203 ,(517)787-
3610; $24.95 plus $2.50 SIH.

Star*Max+, program that lets you print CM3, MGE
and hscreen 2 pictures using NX- 1000. DMP- 240and
other Epson-compatible printers. Has full-color edit-
ing and RGB to CMY conversion process to create a
picture wilh real WYSIWYG colors. Black-and-white
drivers with gray-scaling included. Stipersoft, Inc.
363 OakM'ood Avenue. Jackson. Ml 49203. (517) 787-
3610; $21.95 plus $2.50 SIH.

Sound Irax. a sound-sequencing system for the Color
Computer 3. Has four-voice, polyphonic capability:
reads digitized sounds accurately. Uses a point-and-
click editor. Lets you compose music with your CoCo.
Requires a disk drive and mouse/joystick. Sundog
Sxstems, 21 Edinhurg Drive. Pittsburgh. PA 15235.
(412) 372-5674; $34.95 plus $2.50 S/H.

Demo Disk of Sound Irax files, three files that let you
hear the sound quality obtainable using SounaTrax.
Contains "Louie Louie". "Kyum-Gai Rap", and a
surprise song. Sundog Systems. 21 Edinhurg Drive,
Pittsburgh. PA 15235. (412) 372-5674; $4.95 plus
$2 SO SIH.

First product received from this company

The Seal of Certification is open to all manufacturers of products for ihe Tandy
Color Computer, regardless of whether they advertise in THE RAINBOW.

By awarding a Seal, the magazine certifies the program does exist — that we have
examined it and have a sample copy — but this does not constitute any guarantee
of satisfaction. As soon as possible, these hardware or software items will be
forwarded to THE RAINBOW reviewers for evaluation.

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

Review

ijzm

^Wtet*^

MV Canvas —
A Hi-Res Graphics
Editor for the
OS-9 Family

When I was first assigned
this review by THE rain-
bow, I asked myself,
"What? Another graph-
ics editor for the CoCo
3? I already have a full-featured graphics
editor with a whole library of pictures by
yours truly." But wait, this graphics editor
is a little different.

MVCanvas lets you choose from four
different screen resolutions; it operates under
the OS-9 Multi-Vue environment; and it can
convert most Disk basic graphics images
to its native vef format. That means I can
enter the uncharted world of 640-by-200
resolution graphics, have access to my
existing library of pictures, and enjoy all
the advanced features of os-9 and Multi-
Vue — multiple windows, directories,
multitasking and more!

MVCanvas is a full-featured, bit-map
graphics editor that runs completely under
os-9 Level II and Multi-Vue. The program
lets you create full-screen VEF-format pic-
tures at four different screen resolutions:

32O-by-2O0 with four or 16 colors and 640-
by-20u with two or four colors. Because
MVCanvas runs under its own window, all
of Multi-Vue's features and utilities are
easily accessible. Memory permitting, you
can even run other OS-9 programs along
with MVCanvas. You can also take further
advantage of OS-9's windowing abilities by
displaying one or more full-screen MVCan-
vas pictures while simultaneously editing
another. Pictures may be saved to disk and
printed using a variety of dot-matrix and
color inkjet printers.

MVCanvas requires a CoCo 3 with a
minimum of 256K, the OS-9 Level II operat-
ing system, Multi-Vue and at least one disk
drive that can handle single-sided, 40-track
disks, such as the Tandy FD-501 . For those
more proficient at OS-9. instructions are
provided for running MVCanvas without
Multi-Vue. I used a 512K CoCo 3 with an
RGB monitor, two Tandy fd-501 single-
sided disk drives, a Tandy mouse with the
High Resolution Joystick Interface and the
DMP-105 and DMP-132 dot-matrix printers.

The MVCanvas package comes with two
os-9 formatted disks and a 32-page manual.
One disk contains the editor and printer
drivers: the other contains utilities.

The editor disk is formatted for 40 tracks.
If your OS-9 system and disks are set up for
35 tracks, run a procedure file (included on
the utilities disk) to change the /dO device
descriptor from 35 tracks to 40 tracks. This
procedure temporarily (until you reboot)
enables your system to read, formal and
backup 40-track disks. More about installing
MVCanvas later.

Once backup copies are made, you run
MVCanvas by booting from the Multi-Vue
disks and, using the mouse or keyboard,
double-clicking on the MVCanvas icon. A
new window opens automatically, leaving
the Multi-Vue window intact and just a
clear key away. With each startup, MVCan-
vas refers to an environment file that you
can edit to set default directory paths.

The editor lets you view and have access
to almost the entire graphics screen area —
the only part of the picture missing is the

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

top 16 pixels hidden by the menu bar. You
can easily gain access to that strip by using
a Scroll command that scrolls the entire
picture up or down 16 pixels.

All of MVCanvas's options and tools are
invoked "Mulii-Vue" style by pointing and
c 1 icking the cursor on the appropriate menu

MVt

Canvas
offers the features
you expect from a
comprehensive
graphics editor.

option or tool icon. In keeping with the
Multi-Vue protocol, most of the options can
also be called using two-key ALT combina-
tions from the keyboard.

MVCanvas offers the features you expect
from a comprehensive graphics editor. All
the standard drawing tools are included:
Pencil, Line, Ray, Box, Circle. Ellipse.
Brush. Fill. Spray Can. Bar (a filled box).
Text and Eraser. Advanced graphics edit-
ing options such as Cut & Paste are also
available. For fancy animation effects,
palette switching is supported, allowing
you to rotate eight of the 16 (or two of the
four, depending upon screen resolution)
palette slots at definable cycle speeds.

MVCanvas supports full point-and-click
file management. Directories can be dis-
played and directory paths modified. If you
need more OS-9 command power, an OS-9
overlay window with a shell can be sum-
moned temporarily and then deleted. Pic-
ture files are saved through an optional file
compression run-length-encoder routine
that reduces the disk space taken up by a
screen to two-thirds to one-sixteenth the
space it would otherwise require, depend-
ing upon the screen's complexity. A sepa-
rate "uncompression" routine is provided
should you ever want to reverse the com-
pression of your screens for use by another
application.

Once you have MVCanvas running, you
can begin creating your masterpiece right
away. The toolbox is opened by selecting
the Tools option on the menu bar. A menu
box opens, revealing icons for 16 different
tools and a color palette showing 2, 4 or 16
colors. Also displayed is a palette of 16
different, pre-defined patterns including
dots, bricks, tiling and more. An RGB slid-
ing bar color mixer lets you build and

modify your color palette for each picture.
You also have the option of changing the
border color.

If you don't like what you've just drawn,
you can use the Eraser to erase with a
selectable background color, or you can
use the Undo command to delete the last
drawing operation performed. Forclose-up
work, use the Fat-bits zooming option.
With access to the full-color palette. Fat-
bits lets you edit the colors of single pixels
within an enlarged 24-by-24 pixel block,
while a separate window simultaneously
displays the changes on an actual-size view
of the edit area. If you don't like the changes
made, you can select the Cancel option
before exiting Fat-bits and start again.

From the Tools menu you have the
option of adding text to your pictures. While
you are limited to one size of text (8-by-8
pixels) and screen positioning (in 8-by-8
pixel increments), there are five fonts to
choose from (many more are available from
electronic bulletin boards), and each font
can be made plain, bold, transparent, re-
versed, underlined or proportional. Some
of the font options such as bold, propor-
tional and underline can be combined.

Once you've got some graphics drawn,
you can make use of MVCanvas's advanced
editing features. Selected portions (up to 25
percent of the screen) can be cut (clipped),
copied, pasted and saved to disk. By saving
clips to disk you can create an entire scrap-
book library of individual images. Foreven
fancier editing effects, an image cut from
the screen or just a selected area of the
screen can be flipped 180 degrees horizon-
tally or vertically, inverted (reverse the
order of the palette colors), swapped (ex-
change colors in two palette slots) or re-
mapped (change the palette slot of all pix-
els of one color to another palette slot). For
a cut-and-paste shortcut, there is a useful
tool called Stamp that enables you to quickly
select somewhat smaller areas of the screen
and then "rubber-stamp" as many copies of
that selected area as you want.

Your pictures can be displayed inde-
pendent of the editor with a utility called
VEFShow. VEFShow automatically opens a
separate full-screen window for each pic-
ture displayed, allowing you to simultane-
ously display as many different pictures as
memory will permit (determined in part by
the individual resolutions of each picture).
VEFShow also allows you to enable palette
scrolling and adjust the scrolling speed
from the keyboard for each picture. Pic-
tures and their windows can be deleted with
a click of the mouse button.

If you would like a hard copy of your
creation. MVCanvas allows to you print
your picture on a variety of dot-matrix and
color inkjet printers. Printers supported

include Tandy DMP-105 and dmp-i 10, Epson.
IBM, Okidata, Star, Gemini, C.Itoh, color
printers by Epson, the Tandy CGP-220 and
DMP-240. Star NX- 1 000 and Citizen GSX- 140.
While there was a bug in the printer driver
that caused problems with my DMP- 1 32 (and
is currently being fixed by the author), I had
no problem gettirrg good results with my
DMP-105. At 600 baud, it took about 25
minutes to print a 5VS-by-8 inch fully-shaded
hard-copy of a 16 color 320-by-2oo screen.

Printing can be executed from the MVCan-
vas editor or from a separate OS-9 window,
allowing for simultaneous printing of one
screen while editing another. This is a
somewhat dubious option though, as it
slows down both the editor and the printing
process and makes for a rather noisy work-
ing environment. There are no additional
options for controlling how or where the
graphics screen is printed.

MVCanvas includes additional utilities
for importing graphics screens created by
other major-brand Disk BASlC-based screen
editors and videodigitizers. Before import-
ing any screens, you need a separate utility
to convert the picture files to OS-9 format.
This utility is not provided with MVCanvas,
so I used a program called RS-0S9.BAS
(available on Delphi). Using RS-0S9.BAS
and MVCanvas's conversion utilities, I
successfully converted screens to VEF for-
mat from three different sources: CoCo
Max 3 (CM3), Color Max {MGE) and Rascan
(IMG). The results were, as best as 1 could
tell, absolutely perfect. I was very impressed.
MVCanvas also supports digitized images
created by the DS-69 and DS-69B, but I did
not have an opportunity to test these formats.
OS-9 graphics images from DcskMale 3 or
The Color Computer Artist are not cur-
rently supported by MVCanvas.

MVCanvas has all the features I would
normally look for in a pixel-oriented graph-
ics editor. I particularly liked having over
90 percent of the picture visible at one time.
Overall, I found the editor works very well,
although it responds somewhat slower and
is not quite as full-featured as some of its
Disk BASlC-based cousins. I assume the
speed problem is not a programming issue
(MVCanvas is written in C), but because
MVCanvas is operating in the OS-9 environ-
ment where other processes are simultane-
ously supported.

I found I could speed up my favorite
tool. Fat-bits, by loading it into memory
first. Even when residing in memory though.
Fat-bits still took about eight seconds to
zoom in on a selected area. But once zoomed
in. things moved quickly. Scrolling while
in Fat-bits is not supported. The Clip rou-
tine is also a separate module that can be
loaded into memory, speeding up cut-and-
paste functions.

THE RAINBOW October 1990

Put away your wallet
and pick up the phone.

Now the MM/1 is yours

for as little as
$56.00 a month.

Making the future
possible. %

Interactive Media Systems, Inc. is
pleased to announce that you can acquire
the revolutionary MM/1 computer for as
little as $56 per month, with a low down
payment of $112. With this unique lease-
to-buy option, you can start using your
MM/1 as soon as your application is
approved. Just imagine, now you can take
advantage of the revolutionary MM/1 in
the most affordable way.

Keeping the future in your
hands.

IMS, Inc. is committed to bringing
you the best in affordable computer
power. The MM/1 is the first example of
our dedication to this cause. But it won't
be the last computet we build and if you
ever want to move up to the next system
we build, you can do it easily, conve-
niently, and affordably.

How it works. &

All you have to do is call our toll free
number and request our application. You
can either have it mailed to your private
address, or you can fill out the informa-
tion with our operator. We can process
your application in less than a week in
most cases. Once your application is
approved and you pay the low deposit,
IMS will send your system. It couldn't be
easier to get an MM/1 multimedia
computer.

How much will it cost? S

Because IMS, Inc. has streamlined the
finance process, you pay no application
fee. Once your application is approved, all
you pay is the deposit and monthly fee
from the schedule below:

What's the catch?

There is no catch. In fact, you should
call us to find out why our lease-to-buy
option for the MM/1 can be an even better
deal than using your VISA or MasterCard
(both of which we gladly accept, by the
way). It can be much less expensive than
using a credit card, it's safer, and may
even be tax-deductible. See your tax
advisor for information.

So put down your wallet
and pick up the phone, i

System

Deposit Payment

Interactive
Media Systems

MM/1 Pro Station
(retail $1149) $114

MM/1 Extended

(retail $1125) $112

m 1-800-866-9084

238 Catawba Ave. • Davidson NC • 28036

MM/I is a trademark ol Interactive Media Systems. Inc.

Leasing is ollered by Commercial Finance Corporation. CKarrblry, VA,

I found thai I had the best cursor control
when using a Tandy mouse along with the
High Resolution Joystick Interface, but these
are by no means required. I got good results
working with the standard-resolution mouse,
and working solely with the keyboard was
surprisingly productive. MVCanvas is com-
patible with any Hi-Res joystick interface
(including switchable models) that is
compatible with OS-9.

While I did not conduct rigorous scien-
tific testing of MVCanvas, I did discover
two things that would consistently provoke
the editor to a fatal crash: invoking the
Undo option while still in the Fat-bits mode,
and pressing ESC at the "Are you sure?" file
save prompt. In each case. I lost the screen
I was working on, up to the last disk save.
The author has been advised of these prob-
lems and is currently investigating them.

You'll want to keep an eye on the avail-
able memory when using the Clip options
since they sometimes require a lot of
memory, and running out of memory dur-
ing a Clip operation can cause the whole
system to crash, requiring you to reboot. I
find that MVCanvas runs most reliably when
other concurrently running processes are
kept to a minimum and plenty of free
memory is available.

The manual, while very readable and

generous with operational and technical
information, is disorganized and lacks
several key pieces of information regard-
ing installation. I could not get MVCanvas
running by referring just to the manual, so
I called the program's friendly and helpful
author, Mike Haaland. With Mr.Haaland's
help I got MVCanvas running, and in the
process I learned some things about OS-9.

Even with my intermediate-level knowl-
edge of OS-9 and Mr.Haaland's help, I had
a difficult time getting MVCanvas started.
What is lacking are organized, explicit
installation instructions and simplified
installation procedures. Because of the
difficulty of installation, I am concerned
that MVCanvas might be currently beyond
the reach of all but intermediate to expert
OS-9 users.

To get MVCanvas working properly you
need to know how to run a variety of OS-9
commands from the OS9: prompt and how
to use an OS-9 text editor such as Microware's
edit (included with the OS-9 Level n disks)
to modify procedure files. You'll probably
want to modify your Multi-Vue boot file as
well to include pipe, piper and pipeman.
This involves editing the Multi-Vue boot-
1 i st file and using os9gen to create a new
Multi-Vue boot file.

MVCanvas also includes an optional patch

that modifies grfdrv, enabling certain
features to run faster — otherwise the pro-
gram runs painfully slow. While the man-
ual has plenty of information about the
patch, it fails to mention that after execut-
ing the patch you must modify the attri-
butes of the revised grfdrv with the
command attr grfdrv e w r. Finally, if
you decide to make 40-track device de-
scriptors a permanent part of your system,
you'll need to know how to use the cobbler
command.

I was very impressed with MVCanvas,
particularly with how well it co-exists with
Multi-Vue and other OS-9 applications.
Regarding its unique features, I especially
liked being able to create graphics in the
high-resolution four-color 640-by-200 mode:
there Is a difference. While there is still
room for improvement. MVCanvas has the
dedicated support and enthusiasm of a
programmer new to the CoCo market, and
I think we will see even better things from
this new source in the future.

(Hyper-Tech Software, 4341 Gannet
Circle #174, Las Vegas, N V 89103; 702-
362-5346; $49.95 plus $3 S/H)

— Walter Myers

ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS

SMALL BUSINESS ACCOUTING

This sales-based accounting package Is designed
for the non-accountant oriented businessman. It
also contains the flexibility for the accounting
oriented user to set up a double entry journal with
an almost unlimited chart of accounts. Includes
Sales Entry, transaction driven Accounts Receiva-
ble and Accounts Payable, Journal Entry, Payroll
Disbursement, and Record Maintenance pro-
grams. System outputs include Balance Sheet, In-
come Statement, Customer and Vender status Re-
ports, Accounts Receivable and Payable Aging
Reports, Check Register, Sales Reports, Account
Status Lists, and a Journal Posting List.

$79.95

INVENTORY CONTROL/SALES ANALYSIS

This module Is designed to handle inventory con-
trol, with user defined product codes, and produce a
detailed analysis of the business' sales and the sales
force. One may enter/update inventory data, enter
sales, run five sales analysis reports, run five inven-
tory reports, set up product codes, enter/update
salesman records, and update the SBAP Inventory.

$59.95

PAYROLL

Designed for maintaining personnel and pay-
roll data for up to 200 hourly and salaried em-
ployees with 8 deductions each. Calculates pay-
roll and lax amounts, prints checks and
maintains year-to-date totals which can be auto-
matically transferred to the SBA package. Com-
putes each pay period's totals for straight lime,
overtime and bonus pay and determines taxes to
be withheld. Additional outputs include mailing
list, listing of employees, year-locate federal
and/or state tax listing, and a listing of current
misc. deductions. Suited Tor use in all states ex-
cept Oklahoma and Delaware.

$59.95

PERSONAL BOOKKEEPING 2000
Handles 45 accounts. Enters cash expenses as
easily as checks. Handles 2* expense categories.
Menu driven and user friendly.

$39.95

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Includes detailed audit trails and history re-
ports for each customer, prepares invoices and
monthly statements, mailing labels, aging lists,
and an alphabetized customer listing. The user
can define net terms for commercial accounts
or finance charges for revolving accounts. This
package functions as a standalone All system
or integrates with the Small Business Account-
ing package.

$59.95

ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

Designed for the maintenance or vendor and
AT Invoice files. The system prints checks,
voids checks, cancels checks, deletes cancelled
checks, and deletes paid A/P Invoices. The user
can run a Vendor List, Vendor Status report,
Vendor Aged report, and an A/P Check Regis-
ter. This package can be used either as a stan-
dalone A/P system or can be integrated with
the Small Business Accounting Package.

$59.95

MICROTECH

CONSULTANTS

INC

Ordering Information

Add $3.00 shipping & handling, MN residents add 6% sales u>
Visa. Mastercard, COD (add $3.50), personal checks.

1906 Jerrold Avenue
St. Paul, MN 551 12

Oiattr Inqhtnti InvUtil

A utkor Submission* acttpud

OS-9 it « trademark, of Mu m%art

(612)633-6161

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

Utility CoCo3

Last Line Recall

by Geoff Friesen

LLR is a utility that redisplays the last
line entered at the OK prompt or via the
LINE INPUT statement. To initiate last-
line recall, press the F2 function key. LLR
can save a lot of time when the same data
is to be repeated. It is also useful for
repeating a command line (especially to
correct a mistake in your previous entry).

The BASIC listing pokes the LLR object
code into memory — just type RUN to
install it. Note that the F2 key will have no
effect after installing the program, until
you enter a line. F2 also does nothing
unless the cursor is at the beginning of a
line (i.e., the left-most column).

LLR redirects the reset vector upon
installation. When the Reset button is
pressed, LLR automatically reintializes
itself so it is always available.

LLR has been designed to be compat-
ible with other machine language utili-
ties and respects their memory space.
However, they may not respect LLR.

Therefore, LLR should be installed after
installing other utilities.

I hope you enjoy using llr. I am
working on an upgrade which provides a
history buffer for the last few lines.

The Listing: LASTLINE

LLR: LAST LINE RECALL

100

110

120

130

140

150

160 CLEAR 200.PEEK(&H27)*256+PEE

K(&H28)-375

170 SA-PEEK(&H27)*256

180 SA-SA+PEEK(&H28)+1

190 FOR I-SA TO SA+119

200 READ B$

210 POKE I.VAL("&H"+B$)

220 NEXT I
230 EXEC SA+10
240 PRINT "LLR
250 DATA 12. B7
260 DATA 00. 6B
270 DATA 30. 8C
280 DATA 13. BF
290 DATA 8F.A3
300 DATA B7.A3
310 DATA 7E.A3
320 DATA A3.B4
330 DATA 9A.6D
340 DATA 80.00
350 DATA A7.80
360 DATA 4F.A7
370 DATA 33.80
380 DATA 04. A7
390 DATA 02. DC

CLS

INSTALLED":
FF.DF.8D.0F
9E.72.AF.8D
ED. 9F. 72. 30
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NEW
.6E.9D
.00.65
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.7E.A3
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.00.01

/R\

Model 1 01 $37.95 (1 01 P $43.45)
Serial to Parallel Printer Interface

* Works with any COCO

* Compatible with Centronics" Parallel Input Printers

* Just turn the knob to select any one of 6 baud rates
300-9600

* Comes complete with cables to connect to your printer and
computer

* Can be powered by most printers

Model 1 04 $46.95 (1 04P $53.95)
with "Modem Switch"

* Same features as 101 Plus

* Built in Serial Port for your Modem or other serial device

* Switch between Serial Output and Parallel Oulput
All items covered by a 1 year warranty

SAVE $2 PER ITEM

BY SENDING CHECK OR MO. WITH YOUR ORDER

Some of the Printers
That Can -

Supply power for the 101 and
104 are Radio Shack. Star.
Okidala. Brother. Juki, and
Smith Corona

Some of the Printers
That Cannot -

Supply power for the interfaces
are Epson. Seikosha.
Panasonic, Silver Reed and
NEC II your printer cannot
supply power to the interface
you can order your interface
with the "P" option or you can
supply your own AC adapter
We recommend the Radio
Shack 273-1431 AC adapter
with a 274-328 connector
adapter.

* Free Shipping in the

USA. (except AK and HI)
on all orders over S50

* On orders under S50 please
add S2.50 for shipping and
handling

* Orders shipped in USA
and Canada only

You Can Pay By:

* VISA or MasterCard

* Or send check or money
order payable in U.S. funds,
and deduct S2 per item

* Ohio customers add 6%
sales tax

Metric Industries Inc.
P.O. Box 42396
Cincinnati, OH 45242
(513)677-0796

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

Continued from Page 6

other devices. I would like to be able to
peek at memory to find the time when a
particular window is open.

Jean Gravelle

95 Bocage

Pointe-Gatineau, QU J8T5W5

Canada

We know of no software clock for the
CoCo that can maintain time accurately
(the interrupts give these programs fits),
but Disto/CRC offers a hardware real-time
clock for users of its disk controller. An-
other option is ADOS and the SmartWatch
real-time clock from Spec troSy Stems.

The Quest for Hints and Tips

Editor:

I would like to see more articles aimed at
the new programmer, such as "Did You
Hear The One About Hints and Tips"
(January 1990, Page 60). I have read the
CoCo 3 manual but it doesn't mention such
things as EXEC44539, and the edit com-
mands A, Q and E. There must be more
hints and tips to pass along to program-
mers. I do not understand the techniques of
using peeks and pokes in a program, either.
The only poke I know is the one for the

printer baud rate. This might be a good
tutoriaJ or series for the rainbow.

I mostly write utilities and data storage
programs, and I enjoy reading articles on
BASIC programming, especially when they
pertain to something other than graphics. I
enjoyed reading Mr. Perlman's series on
database programming. Although I did not
enterhis program, I have used several of his
techniques. Just for the record I am a mother,
grandmother, and artist, now delving into
the world of computer programming —
and 1 am fascinated with it.

Virginia Hawxhurst
Milford, New York

Down on CoCo DTP

Editor:

1 have owned a CoCo 1 since 1982, and I
purchased a CoCo 3 at the most recent
RAlNBOWfest in Chicago. Your article "The
Future of the CoCo" fails to mention about
the only thing this computer cannot do —
desktop publishing. Laser printers are not
compatible and, as you can see from the
poor quality of my letter, MAX-to printouts
are extremely crude and rough. I get better
printouts with Scripsit and the NLQ mode
on my DMP-132.

Carl Magna
Greenwood, Indiana

We disagree. We' ve had an IIP LaserJet
hooked to a CoCo for years and it works
quite well. Of course, you do have a point
— we haven ' t seen any laser printer drivers
marketed with the popular graphics and
DTP programs.

the rainbow welcomes letters
to the editor. Mail should be
addressed to: Letters to Rain-
bow, The Falsoft Building. P.O.
Box 385, Prospect, ky 400S». Let-
ters should include the writer's
full name and address. Letters
may be edited for purposes of
clarity or to conserve space.

Letters to the editor may also
be sent to us through our Delphi
CoCo sig: From the CoCo sig>
prompt, type RAI to take you
into the Rainbow Magazine
Services area of the sig. At the
rainbow> prompt, type LET to
reach the letters> prompt and
then select Letters for Publica-
tion. Be sure to include your
complete name and address.

We've Just Converted Over 250 Macintosh Quality Pictures For The Color Computer.
Each Set Includes An Excellent Graphics Editor! Pictures are CoCo-MAX II compatible.

Set#l

Clipart

Space Pictures
Animals
More

Set #2

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Great Graphics
More

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T&D Subscription Software • 2490 Mies Standish Dr., Holland, Mi 49423 • 616-399-9648

88 THE RAINBOW October 1 990

I DELPHI'S 20/20 ADVANTAGE,

VISIBLY SUPERIOR

DELPHI

$20

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$120-$256

COST OF 20 EVENING HOURS

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only $20. Additional time is only 2 cents/minute. No other full-featured online service
even comes close!

And those are 20 hours of real online fun and productivity. Download files, chat with
friends, send electronic mail, play multi-player games, and make travel reservations.

Join DELPHI now for only $29.95. You'll receive a
copy of DELPHI: The Official Guide (a $19.95
value) and your first 20 hours will be free. With
your CoCo and modem:

• Dial 1-800-365-4636

• At Usemame: type JOINDELPHI

• At Password: type RAINBOW20

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Friendly Solutions Since 1976

Of s/gn/7/canf importance to you, the Tomcat
is manufactured by Frank Hogg Laboratory, a
leader in the Color Computer market since its in-
ception. FHL has been in business since 1976
and have manufactured 68000 CPU-based com-
puters for more than six years'We have served
many users since we started. Some of the more
recognizable ones are:

3M, AT&T, ADP, AC, Air Canada, Allied, Autolite, Bell
Aerospace, Bell & Howell, Boeing Airplane, Capitol Video
Comm., Delco, Eastman Kodak, Fairchild Space Com-
pany, Fermilab, Firestone Tire & Rubber, Ford Aerospace, Ford Motor Co., GM, General Dynamics, GE, GMC, GTE, Hoff-
mann-La Roche, Honeywell, International Paper, McDonnell Douglas, Microware Systems, Monsanto, Motorola, NASA, Na-
val Weapons Center, Northern Telecom, NYS DOT, Okidata, Perkin-Elmer, Principal Group, RCA, Robertshaw, TRW.,
Texaco, Union Carbide, Unisys, US Info Agency, Pratt & Whitney-Canada, Western Electric, Wright Patton AFB,
Universities of... Notre Dame, Nevada, So. Cal., Mo., NC, Montreal, Alberta, Ark., Calif., Kansas, Maryland, Mich., Pa., and
Yale, to name just a few. As a FHL customer, you are in very good company.

The CoCo 4

that Tandy should have made!

Tomcat is the ONLY non-Tandy
computer that will use your existing hard-
ware AND software!

Tomcat is the affordable, logical up-
grade path for your CoCo 3. And it is from
a company which has a long and proven
track record in the CoCo market ~ Frank
Hogg Laboratory.

This is the new Color Computer
Tandy should have built! And it is your
computing answer for the 90's.

Here's why.

Power and Performance

Tomcat's TC9 has 1024K (1 mega-
byte) on its main board. Tomcat has two
real serial ports, a parallel printer port. It
supports a serial mouse.

Your new Tomcat has 8 bit D to A
and 8 bit A to D for better sound and a
higher joystick resolution. In fact, your
same CoCo joystick will give you 256 pix-
el resolution instead of the 64 they now
support!

It uses a PC-AT style keyboard and a
PC-style power supply. If it is just the
board you want, it will fit in any PC clone
case.

What is significantly important is that
you can use a large amount of your
present software with the Tomcat! Right.
You don't have a major expenditure for
new software.

The Software Advantage

Your new Tomcat is compatible with
Radio Shack DOS. It will run most of the
programs you use every day. As an OS-9
machine as well, it will also work with all
OS-9 software you either own now or
plan to buy in the future. All of your CoCo
cartridges like those from Disto and
Burke & Burke except for ROMpaks will
work with your new Tomcat as well.

But there are even greater ad-
vantages to the Tomcat system - and an
affordable path to upgrade your CoCo
without losing any of the value you have
in your CoCo system today.

Tomcat is also compatible with the
FHL K-Bus, which means you can inter-
face it to a 68000 CPU, or even the
68030. While that sounds very technical,
the truth is it is as easy as plugging in a
couple of boards. And once it is done, the
Tomcat becomes just like two computers
in one - your own, reliable (but faster and
more powerful) CoCo, and a 68000-
based computer which will run OS-9 pro-
grams 30 times faster than before.

Its a New World

With a 68000 or 68030 CPU, you
have the whole world of OSK available to
you. This means a whole world of new
software, a whole world of additional

memory (up to 16 megabytes, of which 14
is RAM), and even the opportunity to fur-
ther increase performance.

Most important to you, this is up-
grading without throwing anything away!
Much of your present software will work.
Many of your cartridges, disk drives, print-
ers will just connect into place. New ho-
rizons open with new software and new
boards which will make your own CoCo
continue to be your cost-effective, friendly
helper and companion as computing
moves into the 90's.

The Future

The Tomcat is the upgrade path de-
signed for you.

Take it at your own pace - as your
time, needs and pocketbook permit. If you
currently own a CoCo 3 and use it in ei-
ther the Radio Shack DOS or OS-9 Level
II mode, Tomcat will operate your soft-
ware faster and better. It will also give you
powerful new features and performance at
a modest cost.

If you decide to switch to a 68000
CPU-based computer completely, Tom-
cat is still the answer. You use your
present hardware and gain the advantage
of using the heart of the Tomcat, the TC9
main board, as a multi-function graphics
processor!

Your future is in your hands.

Tomcat Prices

Cool Fall SALE!

Order Now

You can order your Tomcat now
for delivery in October. Our knowl-
edgeable sales staff will help you
choose what is right for you today.
And for tomorrow.

For a system with a rugged metal
case, power supply, TC9 board with
51 2K, prices start at only 499.95.

The TC9 board alone with zeroK
is 299.95 if you want to do some of
the connection work yourself.

The TC9 will hold two 51 2K
banks of SIMM RAM. Each bank of
51 2K is 49.95 but only one bank is re-
quired to run. The second 51 2K bank
requires the DAT board.

The second 51 2K (1 megabyte of
RAM) with the DAT board is only
99.95. The DAT board alone is 59.95.

A 101 Key AT style keyboard is
49.95 with a Tomcat, 69.95 without.

Either way, this is the CoCo 4
you have always wanted.

Clarification: Tomcat is the
name of the computer. TC9 and
TC70 are components that go into a
Tomcat to make it a system. We
have 20+ additional components in
stock to further customize your per-
sonal Tomcat computer system. Call
or write for complete specifications
and information on many other op-
tions too numerous to mention here.

FULL 1 year warranty.

Because we like to use our com-
puters, not just sell them, we put all
our knowledge and expertise into the
Tomcat and believe it is the best
choice for you. Please Call Today!

List

SALE

159.95

119.88

30.00

24.88

199.95

149.88

779.95

649.88

939.95

799.88

495.95

449.88

530.95

479.88

675.95

599.88

5%OFF

79.95

39.88

35.00

29.88

50.00

39.88

150.00

69.88

20.00

15.88

400.00

139.88

179.95

119.88

495.95

349.88

50.00

39.88

100.00

89.88

99.95

89.88

150.00

74.88

1199.88*

till November 30th 1990

HARDWARE (FULL 1 year warranty.)

The Eliminator (2 RS232, 1 Parr, Hard/Floppy disk interlace)
Battery backed Real Time Clock for The Eliminator
Western Digital WD1 002-05 Eliminator hard/floppy controller
Eliminator 20 meg hard drive kit with 40 MS Fast Drive!
Eliminator 40 meg hard drive kit with 28 MS Fastest Drive!
Burke & Burke 20 meg hard drive kit with 40 MS Fast Drive!
Burke & Burke 30 meg hard drive kit with 40 MS Fast Drive!
Burke & Burke 40 meg hard drive kit with 28 MS Fastest Drive!
ALL B&B Stuff (Hard disk Interfaces, XT ROM, software etc.)

SOFTWARE

The WIZ communications with windows for RS OS9

FBU file backup for hard disk RS OS9

FBU file backup for hard disk OS9/68000 (Includes 6809 ver.)

DynaStar word processor for RS OS9

DynaSpell spelling checker for RS OS9 only

DynaStar word processor for OS9/68000 (Includes 6809 ver.)

IMS 4th G/L (A super database) for RS OS9

IMS 4th G/L (A super database) for OS9/68000

Super Sleuth for RS OS9 (Disassembler)

Super Sleuth for OS9/68000 (Disassembler)

IBM PC Utility for QT'S & Tomcat OSK (Read/wite/format PC disks)

TOP 2.0 15 720K Disks of PD Utilities for OS9/68000

Alpha Software 10%OFF

SMART Word processor/Spreadsheet/Database for OS9/68000 1 400.00

'Quantities Limited to stock on hand, includes both SMART books

BOOKS

INSIDE OS9 LEVEL II

059 INSIGHTS (The only book on OS9/68000)
Using SMART

SMART, Tips, Tricks and Traps
'Price of book(s) can be applied toward purchase of SMART

NEW PRODUCT!! TOMCAT TC70. Shipments started in late August.
Orders being taken now.

TC70 Computer System with 1 .4 meg floppy 1499.95

TC70 Computer System with 40 meg hard drive 1999.95

TC70 Computer System with 1 00 meg hard drive 2399.95

TC70 Computer System with 1 70 meg hard drive 2999.95

60 Meg Internal Streaming Tape backup 599.95
TC70 Board only with Pro OSK, FBU, QCom, fu, BASIC and C

TC70 Systems Include: Prof. OS9/68K, C, Basic, Qcom, fbu, fu, Case, P/S,
101 Keyboard .cables, drive(s) etc. Hard drive systems are loaded with PD software.
All hard drives are hi-preformance 12 MS or faster state of the art drives, the best
available. WARRANTY 1 year on all system components. Hard drives are 2 years
from manufacter. TC70 SPECS: 15Mhz 68070 with 1.5 megabytes RAM expandable to
1 1.5Meg, Hi-Res Color Graphics display. 2 serial ports. 1 parallel port, Real Time Clock, DMA
SCSI Hard Disk, DMA All Density Floppy. 8 bit hi-speed D to A. hi-speed A to D, AT Keyboard
port. K-Bus expandable, size 5.25 x 8 - same as a drive.

ORDERING INFORMATION

VISA and M/C, check and C.O.D. Contential U.S. software shipping add $3.50 Ground - $6.00
Two Day Air. Hardware add $1 1 ground - $22 Two Day Air. Please call for Next Day Air costs
and C.O.D. Foreign add 10% Shipping (Minimum $5 USD). NY residents please add 7% sales
tax. .

Since 1976

204 Windemere Road

Syracuse, NY 13205

FAX 315/469-8537

29.95

19.88

39.95

37.88

24.95

22.88*

24.95

22.88*

1399.88
1899.88
2299.88
2799.88
559.88
999.95

Call 315/469-7364

An original idea for chess players

3 A

by Rick Cooper

Uncle Olaf once had a thing for
bowling. Then he became inter-
ested in motor boats. Later he
developed a passion for air-
planes. It seemed that every few
years he developed a new passion that
consumed him until something newer came
along. It became evident that Uncle Olaf
and I shared one common trait — a passion
for passions. Mine started with toy cow-
boys. As a teen I loved baseball cards and
sports. During and after college it was
chess and, later, the Color Computer. Chess
IQ is a result of the latter two passions.

If you use a real chessboard, place four
pawns at locations C3. C6, F3 and F6. Next
place a knight at Location Al. The objective

Rick Cooper is a principal, teacher and
coach in the Casey County school district.
He enjoys programming the Color Com-
puter for educational and recreational uses
and believes the real joy of programming is
in sharing his work with others. He may he
contacted at P.O. Box 276. Liberty. KY 42539.
(60b) 7S7-57H3.

of the game is to move the knight to each
successive, unoccupied square that is not
attacked by a pawn. Of course you must use
moves that are legal for the knight. This
means finding a route that leads to your
objective. The order in which you are to hit
each square is from left to right on the first
row. then on the next row from right to left.
Follow this pattern for the other six rows
until you reach the upper left square. You
should try to do this as quickly and effi-
ciently as possible.

Chess IQ puts letters on each square you
can legally hit from the current location.
Just press the letter of the square to which
you want to move the knight. This allows
non-chess players to try their hand. At the
opening screen, you have a choice of seeing
a demonstration or playing Chess IQ. To
see a possible solution, use the demo. If you
successfully complete Chess IQ. you are
given an opportunity to record your at-
tempt as the demo. Try the demo again and
watch your effort as it is animated on the
screen.

Now I'm off to find Uncle Olaf. I want
to show him my new jigsaw puzzle pro-
gram. I'm sure he'll be interested. Q

92 THE RAINBOW October 1990

CoCo 3

70 135

180.....™.. 137

320 ............ 53

410 ............ 31

S20 67

640 117

750 124

890 186

1000 135

1040 167

1110........ 201

1220. 125

1320........ 125

1430 -, 215

END ............ 9

The Listing: CHESSIO

2 " COCO 10

3 ' BY

4 ' RICK COOPER

6 "

10 DIM CB(12.12).L0(8.8.2).SL(8

2).SX(8.2)

20 ON BRK GOTO 1480

30 ON ERR GOTO 1480

40 POKE &HFFD9.0

50 BS-&H6400

60 MD-0

70 FOR X-l TO 12:F0R Y-l TO 12: R

EAD CB(X.Y):NEXTY:NEXTX

80 READ A$

90 FOR X-l TO LEN(A$):POKE BS+X.

ASC(MID$(A$.X.1))-65:NEXTX

100 FOR X-l TO 8

110 FORY-1 TO 8

120 LO(X.Y.l)-Y*20+20

130 LO(X.Y.2)-X*20

140 NEXT Y.X

150 FOR X-l TO 10:HBUFF X.300:NE

XTX

160 FOR X-ll TO 18:HBUFF X.100:N

EXTX

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#1 Home Mgml I

Budget

CfochDoo* Balancer
Cost ul Living
Tmycatc Spreadsheet
Electronic Dateboo*
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Worrj Processor
lottery Analyst
Coco Database
Coco Terminal
Bartender

#4 Business Helper

Wort-male
Word Processor

■: •...,.!■

Calendar

Accounts Receivable
Accounts Payable
Income Property
Mail List

Small Business Meipei
Stock Charting
Job Log
Asset Manager

#7 Machine Lang. Tul.

Basic Compiler

Ml Tutorial Pt t

ML Tutorial Pt 2

ML Tutonal Pt 3A 38

Ml Tutorial PI d

ML Tutorial Pt 5

ML Tutorial Pt 6

ML Tutorial PI 7

Ml Tutonal Pt B

MLT Dictionary

Coco Technical lot*

Coco Technical Look PIS 13

H 2 Education

Flash Card
Spanish lessons
Typing Tutor
Creativity Test
Anth Football
Cosl Ql living
Math Tutors i 2
Trigonometry Tulor
Typinq Game
Wonj Tests
Talking Alphabet
Clown Dunk Math

#5 Games III

Sandy Rover ^ / /

G'ay Lady «* . f

Flippy The Seal / K£7 ( f„,

Abie Builders > *W'

Panzer ' / X

Mrs Pac / I

Fire Runner
Cosmic Rays
D.g

Batt« Tank
"Kron
King Pode

#8 Gamble Issue

#3 Adventures I

Horse Racing
Rac* Track
Black Jack
Slot Machine ,
Lottery Analyst

Coco Keeno
Lucky Money
Betting Pool
Baccarat
fcDraw Poker
Turtle Races
Mi-Lo Craps

/'\ x
/^

RAINBOW

TURN TO ■"*

PAGES 31 & 71 FOR
A COMPLETE LISTING OF
ALL OUR PROGRAMS

TAD Subscription Software • 2490 Miles Slandish Dr. « Holland, Ml 49424 ■ (616) 399-9648

Dungeon Master
Hired Tired Fired
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Cookios

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Zigma E»perimen!

#6 Electronics Tutorial

Electronics 1 ♦ 2
Eiecnonics 3 * * ^
Electronics 5*6
Electronics 7 i B >
Eiectron-05 9-10
Eieclron-cs " * 12
Electron.cs 13
Electronics M
Eiec»on«cs 15
Electiomcs 16
Electronics '7
Electronics IB

#9 Coco 3 Only

Paint COCO 3
Convert Coco 3
Demons Castle
Function Keys ■*
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Coco 3 • Coco 2
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V-Term Terminal

Vax, Unix, Mainframe, and BBS systems
Vi-100, Vt-52, Vtdtex & Ascil emulations
Serial port to 2400, RS-232 to 19,200 baud
XModem, XModem-CRC, YModem, ASCII
15 entry autodial, 10 programmable macros
Disk (128k or 512k CoCo 3 only) .... $39.95

Telepak II RS-232

A Truly Compatible RS-232 Interface!
Includes 3 foot DB25 cable, gold edge
contacts, and low voltage components.
Telepak II & Manual 549.95

Turbo 512k Ram

Fully assembled and tested board, Premium
120ns 256x1 chips. Easy to follow
instructions. Fast & easy installation.
Complete with 512k software, RamDisk,
RamTest, & Print Spooler.

512k board w/software $89.95

000k board w/software $34.95

Studio Works Pro

NEW! CD Quality 8 bit Rom Pakl

Disk Only .. $38.95 With Cable .. $53.95
With CD Quality 8 bit Rom Pak . $94.95

i r i * v

,-'.v

ZENIX

An extremely Fast & Exciting arcade style
game with 32 levels of playl You must Blast
your way through a race of spacefarlng
insectoids & ultimately reach & destroy

their planet ZENIX!

For 128k CoCo 3. loystk & disk ... $29.95

Those Darn Marbles

This NEW 512k only, arcade style. 3D
marble game features extra smooth screen
scrolling, great sound effects & graphics,
and Incredible CoCo 3 action)
For 512k CoCo 3. loystk & disk ... $31.95

r°l Suprfile III

A powerful, easy to use, multi-purpose
databasel Uses: Mailing Lists, Checkbook
Manager, Personal Items Inventory,
Audio/Video lists. Features: Add, Delete,
Search, Sort, and Print Labels & Reports.
For 128k CoCo 3 disk systems ... $29.95

1-300441-GIME

GIMMESOFT

P.O. Box 421

Perry Hall, MD 21128

301-256-7558

Add $3.00 S&H
Add $3.00 COD
MD add 5% tax
Vlsa/MC,MO,Ck

October 1990 THE RAINBOW

170 REM KNIGHT

180 PC$-"R12U1H2R1U1H3E1R1F2E1U1

H1U1R2F1E1U1H2L1H3L2BD3D1R1U1L1B

U3L1H1L1G1D1G1D1G1D1G104F1G1D1R1

G201"

190 FOR X-0 TO 4:PALETTE X.0:NEX

200 HCOLOR 0.1

210 HSCREEN2

220 HDRAW"BM102.98"+PC$

230 HPAINT(102.98),1.0

240 HLINE(100.100)-(120.80).PSET

250 HGET(100.100)-(
260 FOR X-ll TO 18
270 HCLS

280 HPRINT (14.10).
290 HGET(111.79)-(1
300 NEXT X
310 HCLS

320 PALETTE 0,0:PAL
ETTE 2.60:PALETTE 3
36

330 HCOLOR 4.0:HPRI
E":HPRINT(28.6),"C
INT(31.8)."I 0"
340 HCOLOR 0.0:HPRI
":HPRINT(27.11)."Ri
350 HPRINTO0.12)."
360 HLINE(207.23)-(

118. 80). 1

CHRJ(X+54)
19.87J.X

ETTE 1.63:PAL
: PALETTE 4.

NT(30.4)."T H
H E S S":HPR

NT(32.10)."by
ck Cooper"
C 1990"
308.108).PSET

370 HCOLOR 4 .0 : HLI NE( 208 . 24 ) - (30
7 .107) .PSET.B

380 HCOLOR 0.0:HLINE(209.25)-(30
6, 106). PSET.B

390 HPRINT(27.15)."A) CHESS IQ":
HPRINT(27.16)."B) DEMO"
400 I$-INKEY$

410 IF I$<>"A" AND I$<>"B" THEN
400

420 HCOLOR 1.0:HPRINT(27.15)."A)
CHESS IQ":HPRINT(27.16)."B) DEM
0"

430 IF I$-"B" THEN MD-2 ELSE MD-

440 HCOLOR 0.0
450 HPRINTO0. 16). "MOVES"
460 HPRINT(32.18)."0"
470 FOR X-l TO 8
480 FOR Y-l TO 8
490 HLINE(L0(X.Y.l).L0(X.Y.2))-(
LO(X.Y.1)+20.LO(X.Y.2)+20).PSET.
B

500 NEXT Y.X
510 FOR X-3 TO 10
520 IF X/2-INT(X/2) THEN Cl-3 EL
SE Cl-1

530 FOR Y-3 TO 10
540 GOSUB 910

550 IF Cl-3 THEN Cl-1 ELSE Cl-3
560 NEXT Y
570 NEXT X
580 MO-0
590 X-8.-Y-1
600 DI-1
610 N1-8:N2-1

620 HGET(L0(N1.N2.1).L0(N1.N2.2)
)-(LO(Nl.N2.1)+20.LO(Nl.N2.2)+20
).2

630 HPUT(L0(N1.N2.1).L0(N1.N2,2)
)-(LO(Nl.N2.1)+18.LO(Nl.N2.2)+20
).l
640 IF Nl-X AND N2-Y THEN GOSUB

1200

650 GOSUB 960:REM GET NEW SQUARE

660 IF MD>0 THEN I-PEEKC BS+MO+1 )

:GOTO 700

670 I$-INKEY$:IF 1$-"" THEN 670

680 I-ASC(I$)-65

690 IF I<0 OR I->T1 THEN 670

700 MO-MO+1

710 IF MD>0 THEN 730

720 POKE BS+MO.I

730 GOSUB 1140: REM MOVE KNIGHT

740 HPUT(L0(N1.N2.1).L0(N1.N2,2)

)-(LO(Nl.N2.1)+20.LO(Nl.N2,2)+20

).2

750 N1-SX(I.1):N2-SX(I.2):REM NE

W LOCATION OF KNIGHT

760 M0$-" "+STR$(M0-1):HC0L0R 1.

0:HPRINT(30.18).MO$

770 M0$-" "+STR$(MO):HCOLOR 0.1:

HPRINT(30.18).MO$

780 GOTO 620

790 DATA 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0

800 DATA 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0

810 DATA 0.0.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.0.0

820 DATA 0.0.1,1.1.1.1,1.1.1.0.0

830 DATA 0.0.1.1.2.1,1.2.1.1.0.0

840 DATA 0.0.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.1.0.0

850 DATA 0.0.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.0.0

860 DATA 0.0.1.1,2.1.1.2.1.1.0.0

870 DATA 0.0.1.2.1.2.2.1.2.1,0.0

880 DATA 0.0.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.0.0

890 DATA 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0

900 DATA 0.0.0.0.0,0.0.0.0.0.0.0

910 Ll-(Y-3)*20+45

920 L2-(X-3)*20+25

930 IF CB(X.Y)-2 THEN C2-4 ELSE

C2-C1

940 HPAINT(L1,L2),C2.0

950 RETURN

960 REM GET NEW SQUARES

970 Tl-0

980 Kl-Nl+2:K2-N2+2

990 IF CB(K1-2.K2-1)-1 THEN SL(T

1.1)-L0(K1-4.K2-3.1):SL(T1.2)-L0
(K1-4.K2-3.2):SX(T1.1)-K1-4:SX(T

1.2)-K2-3:T1-T1+1

1000 IF CB(K1-2.K2+1)-1 THEN SL(

Tl . 1 )-L0( Kl - 4 , K2 - 1 . 1 ) : SL( Tl . 2 )-L

0(K1-4.K2-1.2):SX(T1.1)-K1-4:SX(

T1.2)-K2-1:T1-T1+1

1010 IF CB(Kl-l.K2+2)-l THEN SL(

T1.1)-L0(K1-3,K2.1):SL(T1,2)-L0(

K1-3.K2.2):SX(T1.1)-K1-3:SX(T1.2

)-K2:Tl-Tl+l

1020 IF CB(Kl+l.K2+2)-l THEN SL(

T1.1)-L0(K1-1.K2.1):SL(T1.2)-L0(

K1-1.K2.2):SX(T1.1)-K1-1:SX(T1.2

)-K2:Tl-Tl+l

1030 IF CB(K1+2.K2+1)-1 THEN SL(

T1.1)-L0(K1.K2-1.1):SL(T1.2)-L0(

K1.K2-1.2):SX(T1.1)-K1:SX(T1,2)-

K2-1:T1-T1+1

1040 IF CB(K1+2.K2-1)-1 THEN SL(

T1.1)-L0(K1.K2-3.1):SL(T1.2)-L0(

K1.K2-3.2):SX(T1.1)-K1:SX(T1.2)-

K2-3:T1-T1+1

1050 IF CB(Kl+l.K2-2)-l THEN SL(

T1.1)-L0(K1-1.K2-4.1):SL(T1.2)-L

0(K1-1.K2-4.2):SX(T1.1)-K1-1:SX(

T1.2)-K2-4:T1-T1+1

1060 IF CB(Kl-l.K2-2)-l THEN SL(

T1.1)-L0(K1-3.K2-4.1):SL(T1.2)-L

0(K1-3.K2-4.2):SX(T1.1)-K1-3:SX(

T1.2)-K2-4:T1-T1+1

1070 IF MD>0 THEN 1130

1080 FOR J-0 TO Tl-1

1090 HGET(SL(J.1).SL(J.2))-(SL(J

,l)+20.SL(J.2)+20).3+J

1100 IF HP0INT(SL>J.1)+2.SL(J.2)

+2)-3 THEN C3-1 ELSE C3-0

1110 HPUT(SL(J.l)+4.SL(J.2)+4)-(

SL(J.1)+12.SL(J.2)+12).J+11

1120 NEXT J

1130 RETURN

1140 REM MOVE KNIGHT

1150 IF MD>0 THEN RETURN

1160 FOR J-0 TO Tl-1

1170 HPUT(SL(J.1).SL(J.2))-(SL(J

.l)+20.SL(J.2)+20).3+J

1180 NEXT J

1190 RETURN

1200 HPUT(L0(N1.N2.1).L0(N1.N2.2

))-(LO(Nl.N2.1)+20.LO(Nl.N2.2)+2

0).2

1210 HPAINT(LO(N1.N2.1)+2.LO(N1.

N2.2)+2).2.0

1220 HGET(L0(N1.N2.1).L0(N1.N2.2

))-(LO(Nl.N2.1)+20.LO(Nl.N2.2)+2

0),2

1230 HPUT(L0(N1.N2.1).L0(N1.N2.2

))-(L0(Nl.N2.1)+18.L0(Nl.N2.2)+2

0).l

1240 IF DI-1 THEN Y-Y+l ELSE Y-Y

-1

1250 IF DI-1 AND Y-9 THEN DI-2:Y

~fi • X~X - 1

1260 IF DI-2 AND Y-0 THEN DI-1 :Y

-1:X-X-1

1270 IF HP0INT(L0(X.Y.1)+4.L0(X.

Y.2)+4)-4 THEN 1240

1280 IF X-0 THEN 1310

1290 SOUND RND(50)+30.1

1300 RETURN

1310 IF MD-2 THEN 190

1320 FOR X-l TO 4

1330 PALETTE X.RND(64)-1

1340 NEXT X

1350 MD-0

1360 IF INKEYS-"" THEN 1310

1370 HCOLOR 1.0:HPRINT(30.16)."M

OVES"

1380 HPRINT(30.18).MO$

1390 HCOLOR 0.1:HPRINT(26.16)."A

) RECORD DEMO"

1400 HPRINT(26.17)."B) MAIN MENU

1410 HPRINT(26.18)."C) QUIT"

1420 I$-INKEY$:IF I J-"" THEN 142

1430 IF I$-"A" THEN MD-1:G0T0 14

1440 IF I$-"B" THEN MD-0:GOTO 14

1450 IF I$-"C" THEN 1480

1460 GOTO 1420

1470 GOTO 200

1480 POKE &HFFD8.0

1490 RGB

1500 END

1510 DATA BFCAAECDBCEAEDBCCAAFBC

CAABDADCACFFCADACFAECBEFCCAEBCDC

BCBCBCFBAFDADGDABBFDBAACGADEACCE

BBAABCDAAACGABACAACAACBDABGCCGCC

BABEAADBCBCBAABBAEABBACCDCBACBAC

CDBBD

/«\

THE RAINBOW October 1990

Wrapping the RAINBOW

The Year Ahead

Once again, the time has
come to make plans forthe
upcoming calendar year.
During the past year we
received quite a bit of mail
with readers' personal wish lists. And we
have done our best to make sure al 1 readers
will benefit. Without further ado, we now
present the rainbow's editorial calendar
for 1991.

January - Foundations

Laying the groundwork with can't-live-
without utilities that make your computing
habit easier.
Submission deadline: 10/8/90

February - All in a Day's Work

Exploring software for managing small
businesses and in-home organization.
Submission deadline: 1 1/8/90

March - Hard Wares

A look at the latest add-on products, proj-
ects and ideas for your computer.
Submission deadline: 12/8/90

April - Tuning Up

A compendium of sound (making) ideas
and music software.
Submission deadline: 1/8/91

May - The Printed Word

An in-depth examination of printers, their

features and the software that makes them

work.

Submission deadline: 2/8/91

June - Binary Blueprints

Expert tips, techniques and other tools for
the program builder.
Submission deadline: 3/8/91

July - 10th Anniversary Jubilee

A potpourri of programs in celebration of

the rainbow's loth birthday.
Submission deadline: 4/8/91

August - At Easel!

Canvassing the world of graphics software
and its many applications.
Submission deadline: 5/8/91

ur 1991
editorial cal-
endar shows
the themes
we plan to
cover in the
coming
year.

September - Back to School

A locker-full of educational programs for
the -9i-'92 school year.
Submission deadline: 6/8/91

October - The Shell Game

Taking the guesswork out of software that
puts the OS-9 system to work.
Submission deadline: 7/8/91

November - On the Line

A guide to telecommunications: getting
started and where to go from there.
Submission deadline: 8/8/91

December - 'Tis the Season

Great games and entertainment ideas for

family and friends to enjoy throughout the

holidays.

Submission deadline: 9/8/91

For those of you who are unfamiliar
with it, the editorial calendar shows the
monthly themes, or topics of interest, we
plan lo cover in the coming year. Our main
purpose in providing this calendar here is to
help you gear any programs you are writing
to specific months in the year. Any pro-
grams/articles in our offices by the submis-
sion deadline dates shown above will be
considered for publication in the issue for
which that topic is appropriate.

Careful readers will notice we have re-
introduced the Music/Sound and Games
issues (April and December). And if you
look closely, you'll find the main thrust of
the January issue is utilities. Consider their
return a result of numerous reader requests.

As always, we endeavorto provide tech-
nical "meat" as well as lots of fun things to
help you gain the most from your Color
Computing habit. And we work to furnish
this information in a non-technical manner
so all readers can learn from it. After all, we
are all beginners in the big picture of life.

Take time to read the 1991 calendar for
THE RAINBOW and plan your programs and
articles around it. We look forward to see-
ing what you have to offer.

* * * * *

Join us next month for our annual
Communications issue. We'll provide a
discussion of Disk BASIC terminal pro-
grams and you can find out "all you ever
wanted to know about modems but were
afraid to ask."

— Cray Augsburg

October 1990

THE RAINBOW

We encourage you to patronize our advertisers — all of whom support the Tandy Color
Computer. We will appreciate your mentioning THE RAINBOW when you contict these firms.

Alpha Software Technologies .. 25*

Burke & Burke 61

Carl England ., 39

Cer-Comp 73

CoCoPRO! 35

Coless Computer Design 45

ColorSystems 63

Colorware 5

Computerlsland.... 69

Computer Pius IPC

CRCMXsto 67

Danosoft ... 33

Dayton Associates

ofW.R-HalUnc 81

Delphi 89

Delphi 97 ',

Dr. Preble's Programs 49

Eversoft Games, Ltd 79

Frank Hogg Laboratories 90

Frank Hogg Laboratories 91

Gimmesoft ... 93

Granite Computer Systems ...... 77

Gravity Studio 53

Hawksoft, Inc. 75

Howard Medical 98

Hypertech Software ,«..<,„.,,*»......,. 55

JWT Enterprises 21

Kenneth Leigh Enterprises ........ 16

Kenneth Leigh Enterprises ........ 85

Metric Industries 87

Microcom Software '.. 7

Microcom Software 9

Microcom Software 13

Microcom Software IS

Microcom Software 17

Microcom Software 19

Microdeal IBC

Microtech Consultants Inc. ........ 86

MusicWare . .......„„...„.. 75

NMSA Computer Group 57

Northern Technologies ...;„........ 55

NRI Schools insert:

Owl-Ware 27

Owl-Ware 28!

Owl-Ware 29

PCM Magazine 70

P&M Products 79

Rainbow Back Issues ................ 42

Rainbow Binders .... 50

Rainbow Bookshelf 26

Rainbow on Tape and Disk 65

Russ Griggs 21

SpectroSystems 39

SPORTSWARE 47

Sugar Software 41

Sundog Systems 69

Supersoft, Inc 23

T&DSoftware 31

T&D Software 71

T&D Software 88

T&D Software 93

Tandy/Radio Shack BC

Three C's Projects 47

Trading Post 25

Trading Post 45

Trading Post 63

True Data Products 43

Zebra Systems 37

W.:'$W^?MvMy.W?

v ' o: .2-\ ■::■■■ :■■■■■ ■■ "■ ' " .: : ■"' ■ " ' :.: ' '. . ' : ■ " ;:■": ■■■■■'■ ■-'■ '-■W'^'M

Wm^mz*^

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I Call:

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Advertising Representative
(502) 228-4492 a

□ Call:

Kim Vincent

Advertising Representative

(502) 228-4492

The Falsoft Building
9509 U.S. Highway 42, P.O. Box 385, Prospect, KY 40059

FAX (502) 228-5121

THE RAINBOW

October 1990

A DISK IS A

TERRIBLE THING

TO WASTE.

Join DELPHI and educate your disks with public domain programs from the world's premier online CoCo
library. DELPHI'S Color Computer area is managed by Marty Goodman , so you know you'll find lots of
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Downloads are only $6.00 per hour , with no surcharge for high speed access and no premium for dialing
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As a Rainbow subscriber, you get a FREE lifetime DELPHI membership ($29.95 value) which includes a
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With your Color Computer and modem:

• Dial 1-800-365-4636

• At Usemame: type JOINDELPHI

• At Password: type RAINBOW, if you already subscribe to Rainbow

type SENDRAINBOW, if you do not yet subscribe and wish to do so.

DELPHI

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• Coiled cable with RF filter

• can be used with CoCo, Tandy or
IBM and auto senses XT or AT

KB-1 Keyboard $98.00

KB-A CoCo Adaptor $89.50

KB- 1 A Keyboard & Adapt. $149.00

DRIVE 6 PLUS

Double sided 360K MPI 52
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Drive + Drive 1 (TEAC)

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■ middle slot can take disk controller or

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CC-3 RGB Cable $19.95

Shipping 6/1 6/90 $298 ($14 ship)

MEMORY

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HARD DRIVE

20,000.000 Bytes or the equivalent to 125
R.S. 501 's on line are packed into this hard
drive, pre installed and ready to run. This
complete easy to use package includes a
Seagate 20 Meg Hard Drive, a DTC 51 50
Controller and interface, ' a heavy duty
case, power supply and fan and a 1 year
warranty. This 20 Meg Hard Drive will also
work with Tandy and IBM clones.
RSB Access Basic thru OS-9 $39.45
FILE REPACK Un-Fragments disc$29.45

See Rainbow Reviews 8/89

235 TEAC 3V? Half Height 80 track $89
Double Sided 720K

FR-35 Frame Fits 3>A into 5'A space $1 2

502-C Power Cable for 502 $12

30 Day Money Back Guarantee

Howard Medical's 30-day guarantee
is meant to eliminate the uncertainty
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back (less shipping.) Shipping
charges are for 48 states. APO,
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higher.

Howard Medical Computers

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HD-1 10 Meg**

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HD-2 20 Meg

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For serious work or serious play, we've got
the most popular titles for your home library

At Radio Shack, we're dedicated
to offering you the latest and the
best software to keep you going
strong on your Color Computer.

So, we offer you a world of fun
with a dazzling selection of exciting
and challenging games, including
popular Nintendo™ titles.

We also want to offer your chil-
dren a head start in their education,
with learning programs for kids of all
ages that will provide hours of pro-
ductive fun! Our selection includes

programs that help develop lots of
useful skills.

And for all of your personal needs,
we've got programs that'll put your
Color Computer to work where you
need it most— like personal filing,
word processing, spreadsheets and
communications.

So send in this coupon for a free
copy of our 1991 Software Buyer's
Guide. Or pick one up at Radio
Shack — your one-stop neighbor-
hood software center.

I
I

Send me a new 1991 Software Guide.

Mail lo: Radio Shack, Depl. 91-A-115-1
300 One Tandy Center,
Fort Worth, TX 76102

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Phone .

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